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THE
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
LINNEAN SOCIETY
OF
LONDON.
VOLUME X.
LONDON:
PRINTED BY
RICHARD TAYLOR AND CO., SHOE-LANE, FLEET-STREET.
SOLD AT THE SOCIETY’S HOUSE, NO. 9, GERRARD-STREET, SOHO;
BY WHITE AND COCHRANE, FLEET-STREET ;
AND LONGMAN, HURST, REES, ORME, AND BROWN, PATERNOSTER-ROW.
a
MDCCCXI.
aes alse .
Ba vies
,
( iii )
Il.
PLS. - - - - - = 2
RP
CoOoN: TeBsNs TiS,
Lops Bad
Cuaracrers of a Liliaceous Genus called Brodiea. By
James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. - p-
Remarks on the Sedum ochroleucum, or AeZwov ro pungov
of Dioscorides : ina Letter to Alexander MacLeay, Esq.
Sec. L.S. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S.
p-
A Determination of Three British Species of Juncus, with
Jointed Leaves. By the Rev. Hugh Davies, F.L.S. _ p.
On the Proteacee of Jussieu. By Mr. Robert Brown,
Lib. L.S. - - - - - . - p-
On a remarkable Variety of Pedicularis sylvatica: in
a Letter to Alexander MacLeay, Esq. F.R.S. and
Sec. L.S. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S.
PS - - - - - - - p-
PART
10
15
227
iv CONTENTS.
Pea RT ET:
VI. A Botanical Description and Natural History of the
Malabar Cardamom. By Mr. David White, Surgeon
on the Bombay Establishment. Communicated by the
Directors of the Hon. East India Company. With ad-
ditional Remarks by William George Maton, M.D.
VE LS:5 GG. - - : - p-
VII. Some Account of the Herbarium of Professor Pallas.
By Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. F.R.S. and 4.8.
V.P.L.S. - - 7 e * p.
VIII. Some Remarks on the Synonyms and native Country of
Hypericum calycinum. By James Edward Smith, M.D.
F.R.S. and P.L.S. ~ - - - p-
IX. Notes relating to Botany, collected from the Manu-
scripts of the late Peter Collinson, Esq. .R.S. and com-
municated by Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. F.R.S.
and A.S. V.P.LS. . - - Pp.
X. A Description of several Species of Plants from New
Holland. By Edward Rudge, Esq. F.R.S. and LS. p.
XI. Some Remarks on the Physiology of the Egg, communi-
cated in a Letter from John Ayrton Paris, M.B. to
William George Maton, M.D. V.P.L.S. $c. $e. pe
XII. Some
229
256
266
270
283
304
CONTENTS.
XII. Some Observations on the Parts of Fructification in
Mosses ; with Characters and Descriptions of Two new
Genera of that Order. By Mr. Robert Brown, Lib.
Linn. Soc. . - - - - = p:
XIII. Description of Seven new Species of Testacea. By
William George Maton, M.D. F.R.S. § A.S. and
V.P.L.S. - - : 2 m p-
XIV. An Account of several Plants, recently discovered in
Scotland by Mr. George Don, A.L.S. not mentioned in
the Flora Britannica nor English Botany. By James
Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. - p-
XV. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Apion. By the
Rev. William Kirby, F.L.S. - - p:
XVI. Account of Ormosia, a new Genus of Decandrous
Plants belonging to the Natural Order of Leguminose.
By Mr. George Jackson, F.L.S. = Pa p:
XVII. An Account of a new Genus of New Holland Plants
named Brunonia. By James Edward Smith, M.D.
FURS. ‘PLS. - - - - - - p:
XVIII. A Description of Duchesnea fragiformis, constitut-
ing anew Genus of the Natural Order of Senticose of —
Linneus, Rosacee of Jussieu. By James Edward Smith,
M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S. SO! Sa - p.
XIX. Ob-
312
325
333
347
358
365
vi CONTENTS.
XIX. Observations on some Species of Menziesia, hitherto
considered as belonging to the Genus Andromeda, by
Ol. Swartz, M.D. Bergian Professor of Botany at Stock-
holm, F.M.L.S. - = = = Sie, p-
Additional Note by the President - ~ p:
XX. Some Observations on the Genus Andrea; with Descrip-
tions of four British Species. By William Jackson
Hooker, Esq., dB = = = = p-
XXI. Some Account of an Insect of the Genus Buprestis,
taken alive out of Wood composing a Desk which had
been made above twenty Years. Ina Letter to Alexander
Macleay, Esq. F.R.S. and Sec. L.S. by Thomas
Marsham, D’sq. Treas. LS. - — - - - p:
XXII. Extracts from the Minute-Book of the Linnean So-
ciety of London - = = = p-
Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society, continued
from Page 328 of Vol. IX. of the Society’s Transac-
tions - = = = = : x e p-
List of Donors to the Library of the Linnean Society p:
Donations to the Museum of the Linnean Society - p-
375
379
381
399
404
408
411
413
TRANS-
TRANSACTIONS
OF THE
LINNEAN SOCIETY.
I. Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus called Brodica. By James
Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S.
Read April 19, 1808.
I wave had occasion, in treating of the distinctions between a
calyx and corolla, Introduction to Botany, 263, to. advert.:to a
new genus of the liliaceous family, furnished with internal pe-
tals. It consists of two species, both which I have received, in a
dry state, from Mr. Menzies, who discovered them in 1792 in
New Georgia on the west coast of North America. The same
liberal friend, to whom the Linnean Society, as well as myself,
has so often been obliged, perceiving I had, in the place above
mentioned, fallen into an error respecting the number of the in-
ternal petals, which are 3, not 6, bas favoured me with his ori-
ginal drawings, made from living plants on the spot, with dis-
sections. By these | am enabled better to understand the sub-
ject than I could from dried specimens, which I had been un-
willing to submit to the process of boiling and anatomizing, till
I might have occasion to investigate them thoroughly for precise
description. Hence the divided inner petals of one of them
VOU. xX. ; B misled
9 Dr. Smiru’s Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus
misled me. Mr. Menzies at the same time has communicated a
suggestion of Mr. Salisbury’s, that these supposed petals are
barren filaments. It will appear, from the following characters
and remarks, how far this idea is probable or not.
In the first place, as these plants form a most indubitable new
genus, of the Liliaceous, or Patrician, order, I have called it
Brodiea, after James Brodie, Esq. F.L.S., of Brodie in North
Britain, a gentleman whose scientific merits, whose various dis-
coveries, and whose liberal communications on every occasion
tending to elucidate the botany of his country in particular, re-
quire no elaborate display before the Linnean Society.
Bropiza.
Trianpria Monogynia. Sect. 2; flores inferi.
Narcissi. Juss. 54. Sect. 1; germen superum.
Calyx nullus. Corolla infera, tubulosa; limbo sexfido, regulari ;
corona triphyll4 in fauce. Capsula trilocularis, polysperma.
1. B. grandiflora*, coronz foliolis indivisis.
Radix bulbosa, globosa, solida, tunica multiplici, nervosa.
Folia bina, radicalia, vaginantia, lineari-lanceolata, acuta, invo-
luto-canaliculata, glabra, feré pedalia. Scapus solitarius, foliis
pauld brevior, teres, glaberrimus, subsexflorus, plus minus tor-
tuosus. Pedicelli umbellati, patentiusculi, filiformes, uniflori,
longitudine varii. Bractee ad basin umbelle, plures, lanceo-
late, scariose, nervose, acuminate, pedicellis longe plerum-
que breviores. Flores Galanthi magnitudine, pulehré cyanei,
erecti. Corolla semisexfida; tubo pallescente, laciniis regulari-
bus, subequalibus, latd lanceolatis, patenti-recurvis ; fauce co-
* Hookera coronaria, Salish. Par. t. 98.
ronata
Ney
lh) Kew ig Sams
Nee
i
called Brodiaa. 3
ronata foliolis tribus, petaloideis, erectis, oblongis, uniformibus,
indivisis, diluté flavescentibus, limbo dupld brevioribus, cum
staminibus altermantibys. Filamenta tria, brevissima, fauce, in-
ter corone foliola, inserta. Anthere verticales, fulve, oblonge,
corona pardm breviores, kilobes) lobis extus longitudinalitér de-
hiscentibus, haud absolute bilocularibus. Germen pedicellatum,
elliptico-trigonum, _ triloculare, seminibus columellz insertis.
Stylus cylindraceus, longitudine fer’ staminum. ‘Stigma trigo-
num, trilobum. \
2. B. congesta, corone folioli S
Radix et herba feré prioris condensata, brac-
teis majoribus, latis, pedicellos superantibus. Flores cyanei, co-
ronda dilutiore, nec flavescente, foliolis semibifidis, acutis an-
theras longé superantibus, at limbo dupld, ut i in priore, brevio-
ribus. Stamina parim e fauce prominentia inter corone foliola.
Bo
The three petal-like leaves, which crown the tube of the corolla
in this genus, are, without doubt, analogous to the cup in Nar-
cissus, the membranous expansion attached to the base of the
stamens in Pancratium, and still more precisely to what Jussieu
calls squamule, and Linneus nectarium, in Tulbaghia. I see no
more reason to reckon them ‘ba en filaments i in one case than in
the others ; though, if my Brodi a grandiflora were the only lilia-
ceous plant furnished with th they might, with great appear-
ance of probability, be taken’ . But Brodiea congesta
guards us against this error, proaches a step nearer to
Pancratium and Tulbaghia. ree genera indeed bear the
same relationship to the other liliacee, that Gnidia, Struthiola
and Quisqualis do to Daphne _the rest of its natural order.
1 If
4, Dr. Smirn’s Characters of a new Liliaceous Genus
If the petals of Gnidia prove Daphne to have a coloured calyx,
these correspondent parts in the Liacee must receive correspon-
dent names. Jussieu therefore is consistent when he denomi-
nates the analogous part in the lliacee and in Daphne a calyx,
and so is Linneus when he calls it in both instances a corolla;
but the latter errs against all consistency and analogy when he
terms calyx in Gnidia what he had, in the preceding page,
named corolla in Daphne. Mr. Salisbury’s rule, given in the
first paper of our 8th volume, that the stamens are never inserted
into the calyx, is one of the best upon the subject, yet not with-
out its difficulties, some of which, from a love of truth alone, I
beg leave to suggest. If we admit this rule in rosaceous.
flowers, and the more I have thought on the subject the more I
feel disposed to do so, we can hardly allow it in Ribes, whose
whole faded calyx, perfectly homogeneous and indivisible, sticks
tothe top of the fruit, retaining the withered petals and sta-
mens, which are together inserted into its sides. If we say ana-
logy proves the lower half of this pretended calyx to be a recep-
tacle, a similar mode of reasoning will prove the tube of Pan-
cratium, Narcissus, Tulbaghia, and of my Brodiea to be a re-
ceptacle also, the limb only being the calyx, and the crown @
corolla. If this be granted, the lower part of the corolla, as it
is usually called, in Hemerocallis, Agapanthus, Amaryllis, Hya-
cinthus, &c.; even the claws of such few, if any, polypetalous
liliacee as really have their stamens inserted there, must also be
a receptacle, and the upper part a calyx; which is too paradoxi- .
cal to be allowed. I say nothing of the spatha belonging to
some of these liliaceous genera, because even when present I do
not think it can invalidate my argument. Their generic charac-
ters are independent of it, as those of the wmbellifere are of
their involucra and involucella. I have therefore, in describing
the
called Brodiea. 5
the Brodigze, used the word bracteé instead of spathe, as more
agreeable to. nature.
These difficulties do not trouble the generality of practical
botanists; but theoretical ones, before they can found new ge-
nera, or even understand the old ones to any purpose, are, and
always have been, obliged to consider them, and may be
glad of any suggestions on subjects concerning which the chief
leaders in botany have never agreed together, nor scarcely
been consistent with themselves. I am persuaded the line of
discrimination betwixt a calyx and corolla is, in many cases, not
to be drawn, for this plain reason, that Naturé in such cases
unites both the parts into one, the inner surface performing the
functions of a corolla, the outer those of a calyx. This is a
suggestion of Linnzus, but he has not illustrated it so fully as
it deserves. I need not repeat here what is already before the
public in another place, Introduction to Botany, 264, 266, and
267; nor shall I now add any thing more than a wish, that a
subject so interesting to the physiological as well as the systema-
tical botanist might be pursued by both to their mutual as-
sistance.
_ Norwich, March 5, 1808.
HU. Remarks:
( 6.)
I]. Remarks on the Sedum ochroleucum, or AsiCwov ro psxeov of
Dioscorides ; in a Letter to Alexander Mac Leay, Esq. Sec. Linn.
Soc. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S.
Read November 1, 1808. ‘
Dear Sir,
I sxe.leave through your hands to welcome my brethren of the
Linnean Society on their first meeting for the ensuing season,
and to communicate at the same time an article of botanical
intelligence rather interesting to those who are solicitous about
natural genera, as well as to those who have endeavoured to
ascertain the plants of ancient Greek authors.
Jacquin in his Hortus Vindobonensis, v. 1. 35. ¢. 81, has de-
scribed and figured a plant by the name of Sempervioum sedi-
forme, which subsequent compilers of botanic systems have im-
plicitly adopted by that name. It has even found its way into
the Hortus Kewensis, v. 2. 149, being far from uncommon in the
English gardens, where it flowers copiously every summer in the
open ground. The excellent author above mentioned remarks,
that “the appearance of its leaves” (he might have said its
whole habit) “is that of a Sedum,” but that “the flower has
“ exactly the character of a Sempervivum, the petals being 6 or
“©'7, with broad bases, and an equal number in the parts of
“ the calyx, as well as the germens, and double the number of
“stamens.” He also asserts that “there are no nectariferous
“ scales.”
‘The
Dr. Smitn’s Remarks on the Sedum ochroleucum. 7
The plant has so entirely the appearance of a Sedum and not
of a Sempervivum, and I have always thought those genera so
natural, and so well marked by the technical character of nec-
tariferous scales at the base of the germen in the former, which
the latter wants, that I have often regretted to read Jacquin’s
account, which I presumed was correct. But meeting with this
plant in Dr. Sibthorp’s Greek herbarium, it became necessary
to investigate its characters myself. In the winter time I could
only examine one of his specimens by means of hot water; but
there, to my great! satisfaction, I found the nectariferous scales
as evident as in any Sedum whatever; and on dissecting living
flowers last summer in my garden, the same character was every
where obvious. Jn number of parts indeed this flower wanders
a little from the character of that genus, and from its class De-
candria, having often, when cultivated, as many petals, sta-
mens and pistils as Jacquin describes, or even more, though
this is chiefly the case in the first flowers of the cyme, and not
so much in the external ones. I have therefore introduced the
plant in question into the second part of the Prodromus Flore
Grace, p. 312, by the name of
SepUM OCHROLEUCUM,
foliis glaucis sparsis acutis: inferioribus teretibus; superioribus
ellipticis depressis, laciniis calycinis acutiusculis.
It is curious that Linnzus, in a manuscript note, has referred
this plant of Jacquin to his own Sedum rupestre, a very different
species, which he had &dopted from Dillenius’s Hortus Eltham-
ensis; see Engl. Bot. t. 170 and ¢. 1802.
Dr. Sibthorp, who was well acquainted with his learned friend
Jacquin’s plant, mentions it in his papers as one of the most
common
8 Dr. Smirn’s Remarks on the Sedum ochroleucum.
common species in various parts of the continent of Greece, as
well as in almost all the Greek islands, growing on rocks and
walls near the sea-side. At Athens it is pounded and applied as
a cooling cataplasm to bruises or to gouty limbs, being called
Koaraweida by the Athenians of the present day. Its most general
names however in modern Greek are Awégarro and Yrapvran.
The three species of AsZwov or Sempervivum in Dioscorides
seem to have been misunderstood. The Ist, Asoo ro weya, hi-
therto taken by Matthiolus and others for the Common House-
leek, Sempervivum tectorum, is justly referred by Dr. Sibthorp,
as well as Clusius, to Sempervivum arboreum, with which the de-
scription of Dioscorides, more full than usual, most admirably
agrees, and not at all with the ¢ectorum. The 2d, AsZwov ro
paxeov, or Sempervivum minus, was taken by Matthiolus for Sedum
album, and by Dr. Sibthorp, not without much doubt, for Sem-
pervivum hirtum; but I have no scruple at all in referring it to
my present Sedum ochroleucum, a plant probably not known to
Matthiolus. Dioscorides says “it grows on walls, stones and
“ banks, as well as about shady enclosures. Several slender
“stems,” he adds, “ spring from one root, thickly encompassed
with little round succulent sharp-pointed leaves. It throws
out, moreover, a stem towards the middle, about a span high,
with an umbel of slender (greenish or) pale yellowish flowers.
Its leaves have the same virtues with the former.”—The virtues
alluded to of “ the former,” or Sempervivum arboreum, are cool-
‘ing and astringent ; whence Dioscorides recommends that plant
in inflammatory eruptions and the gout, for which the Sedum
ochroleucum is used at present, as mentioned above.
The 3d, Aewov éregov, which is described as “ heating, acrid
“ and exulcerating, with very small thick leaves,’ seems to be
Sedum acre, as Matthiolus and Clusius judged, though Dr. Sib-
thorp
66
as
6c
“ce
Dr. Smitn’s Remarks on the Sedum ochroleucum. 9
thorp took it for our Sedum ochroleucum, on the authority of a
figure in the celebrated Imperial manuscript of Dioscorides at
Vienna, which he considered as of great authority. The quali-
ties however recorded of this 3d AsQwv are quite at variance
with those which Dr. Sibthorp himself attributes to the Sedum —
ochroleucum, and which agree with those ascribed by Dioscorides
to his second species.
I remain,
J. E. Smitm
Norwich, October 28, 1808.
VOL. X. c Ill. 4
( 10 )
III. A Determination of Three British Species of Juncus, with
jointed Leaves. By the Rev. Hugh Davies, F.L.S.
Read November 1, 1808.
Iy the course of a morning’s walk having been fortunate in an
opportunity of examining the knotty-leaved division of the ge-
nus Juncus, by finding all the species on nearly the same spot,
I am induced to request leave to lay before the Linnean Society
the result of my observations.
Here then I must premise, that the want of an opportunity of
examining them in a proper state, and comparing them together,
I take to have been the cause that what seem to me to be di-
stinct species have been treated as varieties only, by men of
eminence in the science of botany.
Jn consequence of the attention which I bestowed on them, I
am*much inclined to suppose that I can determine into three
very distinct species, what have been deemed two varieties only
of the species J. articulatus, Linn. Sp. Pl., Sm. Fl. Brit., and
Leers Fl. Herborn.; but are considered as two species, indeed,
by Dr. Sibthorp, viz. compressus and nemorosus ; and two species,
likewise, by Mr. Relhan, viz. compressus and articulatus.
My three species I shall at present distinguish as FIRST, SE-
coNnb, and THIRD. 8
In the rrrst the branches of.the panicle are strong, erect,
fewer, and less diffuse than in the other two; the capsule is
large, of a deep reddish brown colour, and finely glossed; of
an
Mr. Davizs’s Determination of Three British Species of Juncus. 11
an oval triangular shape, terminated by a short blunt point; the
stalk of 4—6 joints.
This is Juncus articulatus, Fl. Brit., Fl. Herborn.; and com-
pressus of Sibthorp and Relhan. Moris. s. 8. t. 9..f. 2. Scheuchz.
$31.4. R. Syn. 433. 8. but I cannot refer to the Sp. P/., where
the definition is petalis obtusis.
In the seconp the panicle is more branched, the branches
more slender, and spreading, the divisions of the calyx nar-
rower and longer, the capsule smaller, much more taper-pointed,
and Jighter-coloured; culm of fewer joints, that, and the leaves,
less compressed. It is a taller plant, sometimes above three
feet high, and it ripens later.
This I take to be Moris. s. 8. ¢.9. f. 1. certainly Scheuchzer,
p- 334. 4. who says: “ Calami tribus quatuorve communiter ge-
niculis distincti,—Flosculi nunc dilutids nunc obscurids fusci
aut spadicei,—Vasculum seminale triquetrum, in acutum mu-
cronem terminatum.” It is likewise J. articulatus of Relhan;
and nemorosus of Sibthorp.. ‘
My rurrp differs from both the former in several particulars:
—The panicle is much lighter-coloured ; the peduncles, which
are divaricated, and even bent back, are evidently thicker than
those of the seconp, the panicle of which resembles this more
than that of the rrrst. Then the smallest capsule of this ;—the
pale-coloured bunches of florets,—and particularly the elliptic
obtuse segments of the calyx, with a broad scariose margin,
fully distinguish it from the other two. It is, besides, a firmer
plant, the nodes in the leaves being scarcely perceptible with-
out a considerable degree of pressure ;—the culm and leaf are
quite round, and it never has more than two joints in the stalk!
I find no description of this species besides the short one in
Fl. Brit. articulati var. 8. “ culmo erectiore, panicula ramosiori,
c2 tloribus
12 Mr. Davies’s Determination of
floribus minoribus, pallidioribus et obtusioribus.” At the same
time I cannot admit it to be these following, which are there re-
ferred to, viz. Moris. s. 8. ¢. 9. f. 1. nor Relhan’s articulatus,
who gives his from Leers, petala acutissima. Nor is it R. Syn
433. No. 9. entirely ;—it is Doody’s plant there mentioned, which
he tells us he found in Peckham-field, “cum glumis albis.” Jt
may, by the definition, be Haller’s plant, No. 1523, < foliis tere-
tibus articulatis, panicula repetito-ramosa ;” but his description
evidently comprehends the seconp as well as this. Withering’s
5th var. of articulatus, p. 347. “ husks white,” seems to be this
plant.
These references prove that this species has not hitherto
escaped notice; but I wonder that the character, from whence I
was inclined to take its trivial name, has not been noted by any
writer I have seen !
As I wished to avoid the confusion which naturally arises
from repeatedly changing names, my design was to have named
the three species ;—the First, compressus; the sECcoND, nemo-
rosus—both after Dr. Sibthorp; and my ruairn, divaricatus—a
trivial appellation which I think particularly suitable to it.
I communicated this my idea, of three species, to my respected
friend Dr. Smith, who gave it as his opinion that they ought to
be separated, and that the same thought had occurred to Ehr-
hart, who has made three species of them, under the following
names :—lampocarpus, (my FIRST); acutiflorus, (my SECOND);
obtusiflorus, (my THIRD); which accord exactly with my, no-
tion. .
These names I now adopt; and, as I have not seen Ehrhart’s
definitions, I define them as follows.
Juncus,
Three British Species of Juncus. 13
Juncus, &c.
** Culmis foliosis.
+ Folits nodoso-articulatis.
lampocarpus. J. foliis compressis, panicul4 terminali composita
Ehrh. Calam. — erecta, calycis foliolis tribus exterioribus ovato-
No. 126. lanceolatis, acuminatis; interioribus, scarioso-
marginatis obtusiusculis, capsula ovata triquetra
stylo brevi terminata fusco-purpurea nitida, cul-
mo 3—6-folio.
acutiflorus. J. foliis compressiusculis, panicula terminali su-
Ehrh. Calam. _ pradecomposita diffusa, calycis foliolis omnibus
No. 66. lanceolatis acuminatis, capsuld ovato-oblongé
triquetra mucronata, culmo 3—4-folio.
obtusiflorus. J. foliis terretibus,“ panicula terminali suprade-
Ehrh. Calam. —composita, pedunculis divaricato-refractis ! caly-
No. 76. cis foliolis ellipticis obtusis, capsula ovato-acu-
minata triquetra, culmo bifolio !
The capsules of lampocarpus are by much the largest; those
of acutiflorus are evidently larger, and, more elongated, than
those of obtusiflorus ; (i. e.) the largest and strongest plant bears
the smallest capsule.
The branches of the panicle in lampocarpus are sometimes
but once divided, but frequently twice, and even thrice, as well
as in the two other species. :
When lampocarpus happens, from some: accidental cause, to
flower late in the season, so as not to perfect its large and po-
lished capsules, it may be distinguished by a disposition to be-
come
14 Mr. Davies’s Determination of Three British Species of Juncus.
come viviparous, and branching at the joints,—a property which
I never observed in either of the other two species.
Another character,whereby obtusiflorus may be known, even
at a distance, is, that where it is found in any plenty, a number
of the panicles are frequently seen entangled together, so as not
easily to be disengaged ; this proceeds from the extreme divari-
cation of the branches of the panicle.
IV. On
(1)
IV. On the Proteacee of Jussieu. By Mr. Robert Brown, Lib. L.S.
Read Jan. 17, 1809.
Tue Linnean system of botany, though confessedly artificial,
has not only contributed more than all others to facilitate the
knowledge of species, but, by constantly directing the attention
to those essential parts of the flower on which it is founded, has
made us acquainted with more of their important modifications
than we probably should have known, had it not been generally
adopted, and has thus laid a more solid foundation for the esta-
blishment of a natural arrangement, the superior importance of
which no one has been more fully a with than Linneus
himself.
There are still, however, certain circumstances respecting the
stamina and pistilla, which appear to me to have been much less
attended to than they deserve, both by Linnzus and succeeding
botanists. What I chiefly allude to is the state of these organs
before the expansion of the flower. The utility of ascertaining
the internal condition of the ovarium before foecundation will
hardly be called in question, now that the immortal works of
Gertner and Jussieu have demonstrated the necessity of minutely
studying the fruits of plants in attempting to arrange them ac-
cording to the sum of their affinities, as in many cases the true
nature of the ripe fruit, especially with respect to the placenta-
tion of the seeds, can only be determined by this means. Its
importance is indeed expressly inculcated by many botanists,
who,
16 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
who, however, have frequently neglected it in practice: nor do
I find any one who has steadily kept it in view, except Aubert
Du Petit-Thouars in his excellent work on the plants of Mada~-
gascar and the Isles of France and Bourbon.
The bursting of the antherz has, it is true, been generally
observed, and many of its most unusual modes have been in-
troduced into the characters of genera; but the examination of
these organs, at a still earlier period, has been universally neg-
lected; and hence the very imperfect knowledge which, even
now, is possessed of their real nature in two of the most re-
markable families of plants, the Orchidee and Asclepiadee.
Examples of the great advantage of observing the antheree in
this early stage will hereafter be given in my general remarks on
the order which is the proper subject of this essay. But I trust
I shall be pardoned for here introducing some account of their
structure in Asclepiadex, as it will enable me not only to brmg
forward the most striking proof of the importance of this consi-
deration with which I am acquainted, but also, as I apprehend,
to decide a question which has long occupied, and continues to’
divide, the most celebrated botanists.
The point in dispute is whether this order, comprehending
Asclepias, Cynanchum, Pergularia, Stapelia, and several genera,
at present confounded with these, ought to be referred to Pentan-
dria or Gynandria, and, if to the latter, whether the anther are
to be considered as five or ten; all of which opinions have had
advocates of the greatest name in the science.
According to Linneus, Jussieu and Richard they belong to
Pentandria.
Linneus has assigned no reason for his opinion, which, how-
ever, it appears he retained after he became acquainted with the
observations of Jacquin and Rottboell; but it is probable he
was
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 17
was induced to adopt it more from the consideration of the
close analogy these plants have with the manifestly pentandrous
Apocinee, than from regarding them as strictly referable to this
class ; for, in his natural generic characters of Asclepias and Pergu-
laria, he very clearly describes both these genera as gynandrous.
Jussieu has entered more fully into the subject, but seems also
to have been chiefly guided by this analogy and the observations
of others; as he concludes by expressing his doubts, respecting
both the origin and use of the parts.
_ Richard, whose description of these organs I find in Persoon’s
Synopsis, has indeed come nearer to the solution of the question;
his account, however, of the origin of the lateral processes here-
after mentioned, proves that this description was not altogether
formed on actual observation.
Jacquin, ‘the first botanist that submitted these plants to mi-
nute examination, and whose figures well illustrate most points
of their structure, has adopted a very different opinion, referring
them to Gynandria, in which he is followed by Koelreuter,
Rottboell and Cavanilles, all of whom likwise agree with him in
considering them as decandrous; while Dr. Smith, in his late
valuable Introduction to Botany, who conceives that “ no plants
can be more truly gynandrous,” regards them as having only five
anthere. And lastly Desfontaines supposes the five glands of
the stigma to be the true antherz, considering the attached
masses of pollen as mere appendages to these.
All the authors who thus refer them to Gynandria seem quite
confident in the justness of their views; and yet the inspection
of a single flower bud overturns, as it appears to me, with irre-
sistible evidence, the conclusion they had formed from premises
apparently so satisfactory.
My attention, while in New Holland, having been much en-
VOL. x. D gaged
18 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
gaged by the plants of this family, the species in that continent
being both numerous and with difficulty reducible to established
genera: I there observed the following facts concerning them,
all of which I have, since my return to England, confirmed by
the examination of different species of the same tribe.
The observations of Jacquin on this subject being generally
known, it must be unnecessary to enter into a minute description
of those organs which are well exhibited by his figures in every
respect, except as to the origin of the supposed antherz.
Ifa flower bud of any plant of this family, while scarcely half
the size it attains immediately before expansion, be carefully
examined, it will be found that the polleniferous sacs, as they
are termed by Jacquin and his followers, in which they suppose
the anthere to be merely immersed, are really the organs by
which the foecundating matter is secreted: for at this period they
are perfectly closed, and consequently all communication cut off
between the stigma and their contents now consisting of a turbid
fluid or pulpy mass. If the stigma be at the same time observed,
the gland-like bodies which originate in its grooved angles are
already visible; but, instead of having the cartilaginous or horny
texture which they at length acquire, are as yet semi-fluid, and
of hardly a determinate form. ‘Near’ the base of each side of
these grooves a more superficial depression is observable, which,
though in some cases extremely short, is'in others of considerable
length, and generally forms a right angle with the corresponding
groove. In these depressions, the processes by which, at a more
advanced stage, the contents of the antherze are connected with
the stigma, are immersed, and at this period they are found to
be semi-fluid. By degrees the glands, as well as their lateral
processes, acquire a firmer consistence, and the inferior or outer
extremity of each of the processes, being extended beyond its de-
pression
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 19
pression or furrow, on the bursting of the opposite cell of the
corresponding anthera, firmly attaches itself to its contents, now
become a regular mass of a waxy consistence.
If the accuracy of this:statement be admitted, it will probably
be allowed that the Asclepiadee cannot be regarded as gynan-
drous, especially in the sense in which they are so considered by
botanists; but Jest it should not be thought completely satisfac-
tory, it: may be added, that, in a still earlier’stage of the flower
bud I bave found the foecundating matter already. secreted -in
the cells of the anther, while the glands of the stigma, as well
as their processes, were absolutely) invisible.
»oAs to the question of their being pentandrous or Jeusedneiss
every ‘analogy;must lead: us, to refer them to the former class ;
nor indeed have they, when not considered as. gynandrous, been
ever supposed to belong to Decandria.
| An ‘eeconomy, in'many respects similar to that now Secale
obtains also in Orchidew,, in which, ,however, the processes con=
necting the anther with the stigma, where they exist, are in
many cases derived from the masses of pollen themselves ;. but in
others they as) seat nyse from the mri or its glandular
appendage:.)
The result of my wera ri of nari two interesting orders of
plants, I hope ‘hereafter to submit to the Society; and I now
proceed to the proper subject of the present paper.
The natural order of Protem, or, as it is. less exceptionably
called, Proreacex, was first established in the Genera Planta-
rum of the celebrated Jussieu ; and the description there prefixed
to it will, with a few alterations, still apply to the order, now
that .it has received so many additions, not only. in species, but
in very distinct genera, several of which were first published by
‘ D2 Dr. Smith
20 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
Dr. Smith, in the 4th vol. of the Society’s Transactions, and
others are in the present paper submitted to the consideration of
botanists.
The general description and definition of the order will be most
advantageously placed at the head of its systematic arrange-
ment; before entering upon which, I shall offer some remarks
on its geographical distribution, and likewise on such modi-
fications of structure in the different organs as appear to be of
the greatest importance in indicating or characterizing genera.
The geography of plants being as yet in its infancy; the
smallest addition to our knowledge of a subject which promises
to become of considerable importance, will probably be received
with indulgence; and in this persuasion I venture to make the
following observations on the order before us. In the first place;
it is remarkable that the ProrEacex are almost entirely confined
to the southern hemisphere. ‘This observation originated with
Mr. Dryander, and the -few exceptions hitherto known to it,
occur considerably within the tropic. ‘The fact is the more de-
serving of notice, as their diffusion is very extensive in the
southern hemisphere, not merely in latitude and longitude, but
also in elevation; for they are not only found to exist im all the
great southern continents, but seem to be generally, though very
unequally, spread over their different regions: they have been
observed also in the larger islands of New Zealand and New
Caledonia; but hitherto neither in any of the lesser ones, nor in
Madagascar. As in America, they have been found in Terra del
Fuego, in Chili, Peru, and even Guiana, it is reasonable to
conclude that the intermediate regions are not entirely destitute
of them. But with respect to this continent, it may be observed,
that the number of species seems to be comparatively small, their
organization but little varied; and further, that they have a
much
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 21
much greater affinity with those of New Holland than of
Africa. ;
Of the botany of South Africa, scarce any thing is known,
except that of the Cape of Good Hope, where this family occurs
in the greatest abundanee and variety ; but even from the single
fact of a genuine species of Protea having been found in Abys-
sinia by Bruce, it may be presumed, that in some degree they
are also spread over this continent.
With the shores, at least, of New Holland, under which I
include Van Diemen’s Island, we are now somewhat better ac-
quainted, and in every known part of these, Proteacez have been
met with.
But it appears that, both in Africa and. New Holland, the
great mass of the order exists about the latitude of the Cape of
Good Hope; in which parallel it forms a striking featuré in the
vegetation of both continents.
What I am about to advance repecting the probable distribu-
tion of this family in New Holland, must be very cautiously re-'
ceived ; as it is in fact chiefly deduced from the remarks I have
myself made in captain Flinders’s Voyage, and subsequently d uring
my short stay in the settlements of New South Wales and Van
Diemen’s Island, aided by what was long ago ascertained by Sir
Joseph Banks, and by a very transitory inspection of an herba-
rium collected on the west coast, chiefly in the neighbourhood
of Shark’s Bay, by the botanists attached to the expedition of
captain Baudin. | q
- From knowledge so acquired I am inclined to hazard the fol-
lowing observations. '
The mass of the order, though extending through the whole
of the parallel already. mentioned, is by no means equal in every
part of it; but on the south-west coast forms a more decided
feature
22 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
feature in the vegetation of the country, and contains a far
greater number of species than on the east:—and in that part of
the south coast, which was first examined by captain Flinders, it
seems to be more scanty than at either of the extremes.
On the west coast also, the species upon the wholeare more simi-
lar to those of Africa than on the east, where they bear asomewhat
greater resemblance to the American portion of the order.
From the parallel of the mass, the order diminishes in both
directions; but the diminution towards the north is probably
more rapid on the east than on the west coast.
Within the tropic, on the east coast, no genera have ai
been observed, which are not also found beyond it; unless that
section of Grevillea, which I have called Cycloptere, be considered
asa genus. Whereas at the southern limit of the order several
genera make their appearance, which do not occur.in its chief
paraliee
The most numerous genera are also the most widely diffused.
Thus Grevillea, Hakea, Banksia, and Persoonia, extensive in
species in the order in which they are here mentioned, are spread
nearly in the same proportion; and they are likewise the only |
genera that have as yet been observed within the tropic.
Of such of the remaining genera, as consist of several species,
some, as Isopogon, Petrophila, Conospermum, and Lambertia, are
found in every part of the principal parallel, but hardly exist
beyond it. Others, as Josephia and Synaphea, equally limited
to this parallel, have been observed only towards its western ex~-
tremity ; while Embothriwm (comprehending for the present un-
der this name all the many-seeded plants of the order), which is
chiefly found on the east coast, and makes very little progress
towards the west, advances to the utmost limit of south latitude,
and there ascends to the summits of the highest mountains.
Genera
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussiew. 23
Genera consisting of one or very few species, and which ex-
hibit generally the most remarkable deviations from the usual
structure of the order, are the most local, and are found either
in the principal parallel, or in the highest latitude.
The range of species in the whole of the order seems to be
very limited ; and the few cases which may be considered as ex-
ceptions to this, occur in the most extensive genera, and in such
of their species,as are most strictly natives of the shores. Thus
Banksia integrifolia, which grows more within the influence of
the sea than any plant of the order, is probably also the most
widely extended, at least in one direction, being found within .
the tropic, and in as high a latitude as 40°. It is remarkable,
however, that with so considerable a range in latitude, its ex-
tension in longitude is comparatively small: and it is still more
worthy of notice, that no species of this famil y has been found
common to the eastern and western shores of New Holland.
The celebrated traveller Humboldt is the first who has. ex-
pressly pointed out a remarkable difference in the distribution of
the species of plants. is}
He observes that, while the greater number grow irregularly
scattered and mixed with each other, there are some which form
considerable masses, or even’ extensive tracts, to the nearly ab-
solute exclusion of other species. Of plants growing thus in
society, the greater number occur in the temperate zones ; and
of these, the most decided instances will readily present them-
selves to every botanist. I venture to add, that such as exist
within the tropic, are found, either at considerable heights or
on the sea-shores,
To this class very few of the Proteacez can be said to belong.
Protea argentea of Linnzus is the most striking example among
the
24 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
the African species; and my friend Mr. Ferdinand Bauer has
observed a similar tendency in Protea mellifera.
Among the New Holland species, Banksia speciosa is the sole
instance, and even that only in certain circumstances, of this
manner of growth.
The favourite station of Proteacee is in dry stony exposed
places, especially near the shores, where they occur also, though
more rarely, in loose sand. Scarcely any of them require shelter,
and none a good soil. <A few are found in wet bogs, or even in
shallow pools of fresh water; and one, the Embothrium ferrugi-
neum of Cavanilles, grows, according to him, in salt marshes.
Respecting the height to which plants of this order ascend, a
few facts are already known. The authors of the Flora Peruviana
mention, in general terms, several species as being alpine ; and
Humboldt, in his valuable Chart of Aquinoctial Botany, has
given the mean height of Embothrium emarginatum about 9300
feet, assigning it a range of only 300 feet. On the summits of
the mountains of Van Diemen’s Island, in about 43° south lati-
tude, at the computed height of about 4000 feet, I have found
species of Embothrium, as well as other genera hitherto observed
in no other situation. Embothrium, however, as it is the most
southern genus of any extent, so it is also, as might have been
presumed, the most alpine of the family.
Two genera only of this order are found in more than one
continent: Rhopala, the most northern genus, which, though
chiefly occurring in America, is to be met with also in Cochirt
china and in the Malay Archipelago; and Embothrium, the
most southern genus of any extent, is common to New Holland
and America.
From
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 25
From this account of the geographical distribution of the
Proteacexw, I proceed to make some general remarks on the
structure and modifications of their different parts. ‘The order,
which consists of shrubs of the most rigid nature, or of trees of
moderate size, contains also one herbaceous plant, my Symphio-
nema paludosum, which however, except in this respect and in
the union of the tops of its filaments, does not remarkably differ
from the usual structure of the family.
The pubescence, which is very general in the order, consists
either of a short and in many cases nearly impalpable tomentum,
or of soft hairs which are either spreading, close pressed, or
somewhat crisped, generally simple, but in some genera fixed
by the middle, and in a very few cases glandular.
The existence or absence of pubescence in the adult leaves
cannot always be depended upon in distinguishing species ; but
the short tomentum, especially of their under surface, is of
- greater consequence than the spreading hairs. In the bractee
more reliance may be placed on it, and in the different parts of ,
the flower I have never hesitated to employ it in my specific
characters. In the calyx I have even derived the greatest ad-
vantage in some difficult. genera, especially Serruria, from at-
tending to its differences in direction.
Mr. Salisbury has introduced the pubescence of fruit into se-
veral of his generic characters, and in some I think with evi-
dent advantage, but in such only as where from its abundance
and length it performs a function of manifest importance in assist-
ing dissemination: hence I conceive it may be safely admitted
into the characters of Protea and Isopogon; but I can perceive
no advantage whatever in employing it in those of Serruria and
Spatalla. For this reason too it ought not to be used in the
capsular or drupaceous genera, in which indeed experience
VOL. X. BE _ proves
26 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
proves it to be of no further moment than in distinguishing
species.
Dr. Smith has given it as his opinion, that from the disposition
of leaves in New Holland plants no conclusion can safely be
drawn as to their genera. This remark however appears to
me only applicable to certain families, or rather genera; for in
many tribes the plants of that country are altogether as constant
in their leaves as in any other part of the world. In proof of
this, it may be sufficient to mention the order Rubiacee; and
there are many others in which I find nothing at all remarkable
in this respect.
As to Proteacee, it must be acknowledged that in Banksia
both verticillated and scattered leaves occur; but the leaves
constantly in threes in Lambertia seems to me a circumstance of
even greater importance than the number of flowers in the in-
volucrum; and the opposite leaves of Xylomelum distinguish it
at once both from Rhopala and Hakea.
Although the form and divisions of leaves in the order are va-
riable in no common degree, yet there are certain genera, both
among those of Africa and New Holland, which the leaves even
in these respects assist in indicating. Thus, in that genus to
which I have applied the name of Protea (the Erodendrum of
Mr. Salisbury), and I believe also in my Leucadendron, there
is no instance of a divided or toothed leaf; thus also the leaves
of Spatalla are filiform and undivided, and those of Serruria fili-
form and almost always pinnatifid. ‘Their dichotomous divisions
in Simsia and Franklandia are still more characteristic ; and their
division and remarkable reticulation readily distinguish Suerte
from Conospermum.
The inflorescence in Proteacee, whatever use botanists may
think proper to make of it in their generic characters, is of un-
doubted
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 27
doubted importance in determining genera, and even in the pri-
mary division of the order it appears to be of nearly equal con-
sequence with the fruit itself; for, in dividing the order into two
sections from the.structure of the ovarium, it will be found that
while all the single-seeded genera have each flower subtended by
a proper bractea, or more rarely are without one, those with two
or more seeds have, with very few exceptions, the flowers of their
spikes or elusters disposed in pairs, each pair being furnished
with only one bractea common to both flowers: it may also be
observed that all the American and two thirds of the New
Holland species have this mode of inflorescence, while only one
instance of it occurs in Africa.
The single envelope of the stamina and pistillum in Proteacex
I have, with Jussieu, denominated catyx, chiefly because the
stamina, of equal number with its laciniz, are constantly op-
posite to them, and from the close analogy subsisting between
this family and that of Thymelez, in which I believe the
greater number of botanists will allow that this envelope is really
calyx: and as this latter argument may be considered as the
stronger, I shall endeavour to establish the identity of this or-
gan in these two families. In several of the Thymelea, especially
in Punelea, the lower part of the tube of the calyx is, as it were,
jointed with the upper; after the falling off of which, it remains
surrounding the fruit: this is also the case in several genera of
Proteacez, as in Aidenanthos of Labillardiere, in Isopogon, in Gre-
villea Chrysodendron, and still more remarkably in Franklandia,
in which the persistent tube becomes indurated and even nearly
woody, a change surely not likely to take place in a genuine
corolla. But though I have thusadopted the language of Jussieu,
IT am decidedly of opinion that, in all families having a single en-
E2 velope,
28 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. ;
velope, it will be still better to call it perianthium or perigonium,
which latter term was proposed by Ehrhart, and is adopted BF
Decandolle.
A circumstance meriting the attention of the theoretical bota-
nist, respecting the calyx in this order, is its invariable division
into four leaves or segments; for the single exception noted by
Linneus in his description of the male flowers of Brabejum, he
himself seems afterwards to have distrusted, from the manner in
which he has introduced it into the amended generic character
given in the Mantissa; and I may add, that in nearly 400 species
of the order, which I have examined, I have not met with a
single exception to this rule.
With this uncommon constancy in point of number, it is re-
markable that there is, in the whole order, a strong tendency to
irregularity in form, the various kinds of which are of great im-
portance in characterizing genera.
Before the expansion of the calyx the margins of its segments
are applied to each other; and from the unequal degrees of co-
hesion in many cases subsisting among them after expansion, se-
veral kinds of irregularity arise. I am not sure that any term:
has been contrived for this manner of estivation, except it be
the estivatio valvata of Linneus; but as he has not defined it, and
as his commentator Reuss has given the very different estivation
of grasses as an example, I have, in introducing this circumstance
into the general description of the order; specified it at length.
From the colour of the calyx, many genera of Proteacex are
indicated with tolerable certainty. Thus Synaphea is distinguished
from Conospermum by its yellow flowers; and no instance of
yellow flowers has been met with in the numerous genera Serruria
and Spatalla, nor any of purple in Leucadendron. In some ge-
nera
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussiéu. 29
nera however, as in Banksia and Isopogon, it is evidently of very
little importance.
The fleshy or scale-like bodies, which surround the ovarium in
the greater number of plants of this family, are in many cases
so manifestly secreting organs, that it is surprising Mr. Salisbury
should hesitate in considering them as nectaria, and denominate
them calli; a term which excludes the idea of secretion. But
whatever their functions may be, great assistance may certainly
be derived from their various modifications, in distinguishing ge-
nera. Their importance however in this respect, like that~of
all other parts, not only in this, but, as I apprehend, in every
natural family, is very unequal, and in some cases seems to be
entirely lost. Thus, in the genus Leucadendron as it is here
constituted, they are wanting in several species, and in some I
am inclined to think exist only in the males.
In most of the regular-flowered genera they are four in
number, and alternate with the leaves or laciniz of the calyx.
In ‘these genera they are also generally in the form of succulent
scales, distinct, or more rarely cohering at their base, and in
a very few instances adhering to the calyx; but in Persoonia
they are nearly round and fleshy, and in Bellendena, Symphionema,
Simsia, Agastachya, Petrophila, and feapogen, they are entirely
wanting,
In the irregular-flowered genera with two or many seeds their
number is less than four, in most cases only one exists, in a few
others three, and in some none.
_ Varieties in the structure or apparent origin of the stamina,
afford, as might be expected, important generic characters.
Their usual insertion in the order is in the concave tops of the
lacinie of the calyx ;. all considerable deviations from which may
safely be employed in characterizing genera. In this way Rho-
pala,
30 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
pala, Xylomelum, and Lambertia are readily distinguished from
Embothrium, Grevillea, and Hakea; and thus also Persoonza and
Brabejum remarkably differ from Gevuina; while Bellendena differs
from all others in having its stamina distinct from the calyx,
affording however an indication of the real origin of these
organs in the whole family.
The deviations from the usual structure of anrHEeR# in this
order are not many; but some of them are of so singular a
nature as to constitute the essential characters of the genera in
which they take place. These genera are Simsia, Conospermum, and
Synaphea, all of which are most truly syngenesious; for not only
do their anthere firmly cohere together, but the corresponding
lobes of these being, when considered separately, entirely open,
are so applied to each other as to form but one cell, without a
trace of any intermediate membrane. In Simsza the four antherz
are perfect, each consisting, as in the rest of the order, of two
lobes, and therefore the whole before bursting constitute four
cells. Whereas in Conospermum and Synaphea one filament is
entirely barren, the two lateral ones have each a single-lobed ~
anthera, and the fourth alone is perfect: hence before bursting
the whole form only two cells.
This remarkable structure, which can only be ascertained be-
fore the opening of the calyx, necessarily escaped Dr. Smith in
describing his Conospermum, for I conclude he had only the ex-
panded flower before him, and the appearance of the anther in
this state after their separation justifies him in referring the genus
to Tetrandria: but according to the view now given of its struc-
ture, it can have no other pretension to a place in this class than
its belonging to Proteacez ; and the order Syngenesia Monogamia
being abolished, it must be referred to Triandria.
The only remaining anomaly in these parts occurs in Frank-
landia,
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 31
landia, and consists in the anthera, or rather that portion of the
filament on which itis fixed, adhering to the calyx through its
whole length.
The figure of the porLEeN has been attended to by a few theo-
retical, but by hardly any practical botanists ; yet I am inclined
to think, not only from its consideration in this family, but in
many others, that it may be consulted with advantage in fixing
our notions of the limits of genera: and though its minuteness
may perhaps always exclude it from a place in generic characters,
yet it well deserves, to use the words of Linneus when speaking
of habit, to be * occulte consulendus.”
Its usual figure in the order is triangular with secreting angles,
a beautiful contrivance for insuring impregnation in a tribe, in
which, from the very scanty, or in many cases apparent want
of secretion by the stigma, it must otherwise have been very
uncertain; for by this form and secretion, as well as by the sin-
gular ceconomy of the calyx, it remains so long in contact with
the stigma, as probably to compensate for the somewhat de-
fective structure of that organ.
_ From this figure the principal deviation is in the extensive
genera Banksia and Josephia, in all of which it is elliptical or
oblong, and either straight or bent into a semilunar form;
and in Franklandia and Aular, where it is spherical. The only
remaining exception with which I am acquainted is the original
Embothrium of Forster, his E. coccineum, in which, as in Banksia,
it is oblong; a circumstance that, together with the more im-
portant character of a regular club-shaped stigma, and some
other differences, has determined me to separate it from all the
other species of Embothrium, except E. lanceolatum of Flora Peru-
viana, whose pollen however remains to be examined.
The external modifications of the ovartum must be very
cautiously
32 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
cautiously used in the generic characters of this family ; even its
being sessile or pedicellated is not always of sufficient import-
ance, though I think Mr. Salisbury has done well in introducing
it into his characters of Serruria and Spatalla, in both which
genera I had overlooked it before the publication of his Essay.
Its internal structure, which ought always to be ascertained,
will be found of the greatest importance in most cases, but fails
in Persoonia, the species of which differ in having one or two
seeds: it would seem however, in this case, that an irregularity
in a point of such importance could not take place unaccom-
panied with other anomalies in the same organ, and accordingly
such are found to exist in this genus, and will be mentioned
when treating of the fruit.
Besides number, the insertion of the ovula is also to be at-
tended to; for though this may generally be presumed from the
situation of the radicula in the ripe seed, yet to this criterion
there are several exceptions, even in the present order: thus,
while the radicula constantly points downward in the whole of
the order, the insertion of the ovulum is in many cases at the top
or side of the cell of the ovarium. My observations on this sub-
ject are as yet incomplete; but, from those that I have made, I
am inclined to think such differences will be connected with
genera, or rather perhaps with particular kinds of fruit. Thus
I conjecture, in Leucospermum, Mimetes, Nivenia, and Spatalla,
the insertion to be uniformly lateral.
The styxe, though not subject to much variety in this family,
will be found in a few cases to furnish generic characters.
Thus in Protea, strictly so called, the persistent subulate style
forms an important part of its character: and the persistency .of
the whole of the style in the greater number of species of Gre-
villea will probably be used by future botanists in distinguishing
them
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 33
them from that remarkable section of the genus, which I have
at present united with them and called Cycloptere. Its length
also, when compared with that of the calyx, seems in some
cases to be of importance, as in distinguishing Adenanthos from
Spatalla; but in general this circumstance can hardly be had
recourse to except in specific characters.
The form of the streMa is in many cases of considerable im-
portance in characterizing genera, a fact which could not escape
the penetration of Dr. Smith when establishing his new genera
of this order: thus its conical papilla in his Conchium (the Hakea
of Schrader) will in many, though certainly not in all cases,
distinguish it from Grevillea: but its form in both these genera will
readily serve to separate them from Xylomelum and Rhopala; and
thus also Spatalla remarkably differs from Adenanthos. Upon the
whole, however, it seems that its obliquity is of greater import-
ance than its form; for this, when existing in any great degree,
is generally accompanied with a corresponding irregularity in the
calyx: but as this irregularity is produced for the purpose of
bringing all the anthers into contact with the stigma, so its obli-
quity in the dioicous genera Leucadendron and Aulaza is not at-
tended with so great a degree of irregularity, which would here
serve no end, impregnation depending on the pollen of different
individuals, to insure which the surface of the stigma in these
genera is rough with papule; a circumstance that, together
with its form, readily distinguishes them from all others of the
order.
In Synaphea, the stigma or summit of the style inosculates
with the divisions of the barren filament, which in some species
appear beyond it in horn-like processes, but in others are en-
tirely lost in its substance. I am acquainted with nothing like
this in the whole vegetable kingdom; and such a singularity
VOL. xX. f F alone,
34 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu,
alone, when occurring in several species, would have determined
me to separate these plants from Conospermum: but being also ac-
companied by other remarkable differences, both of structure
and appearance, no genus, I apprehend, can be better founded
than this. ts :
That the opinion of Christian Knaut and Vaillant respecting
the non-existence of naked seeds is correct when anatomically
considered, there can be no doubt; but the practical utility of
deviating in this subject from the common language of botanists
may still be questioned: and accordingly Geertner, who was
fully aware of the truth of their position, has nevertheless con-
tinued to describe the seeds of many plants as naked. I con-
fess however I am inclined to adopt the opposite decision of the
French botanists, at the head of whom is Richard, who has also
proposed terms for distinguishing the various species hitherto
confounded under the name of naked seeds. The fruit of the
monospermous genera of Proteaceze might probably be with
advantage referred to that which he has termed Ahena; but as
I am unwilling in the present paper to adopt any term not more
generally sanctioned and understood than this, I shall content
myself with calling those nuces, which are either not at all or but
shghtly compressed and not bordered; and apply the term
samara to such as are either very much compressed, or with a
less remarkable compression are surrounded or terminated by a
membranacecous border: that I regard these distinctions how-
ever as in some cases of very little importance, may be inferred
from this, that my genus Leucadendron includes both these kinds
of fruit.
The first observation I have to offer on the fruits of Pro-
teacez is, that there is no really bivalvular capsule in the order ;
a truth which was not perceived by Gertner in describing his
- Banksia
Mr. Brown, on thé Proteaceae of Jussieu. 35
Banksia dactyloides: (the Conchium dactyloides of Dr. Smith),
and which has equally escaped Cavanilles and Labillardiere in
their characters of Hakea. Dr. Smith has more cautiously
omitted this consideration in his character of that genus, and
Professor Schrader has accurately described the suture as only
existing on one side: such fruits then are as truly folliculi as
those of Grevillea, Rhopala, or Embothrium; and that the ex-
istence of a distinct placenta is by no means necessary to con-
stitute this kind of fruit, is proved even by some genera of Apo-
cine, to which family this term was first applied.
A circumstance occurs in some species of Persoonia to sch
1 have met with nothing similar in any other plant: the ovarium
in this genus, whether it contain one or two ovula, has never
more than one cell; but in several of the two-seeded species a
cellular, substance is after foecundation interposed between the
ovula; and this gradually indurating acquires in the ripe fruit
the same consistence as the putamen itself, from whose sub-
stance it cannot be distinguished ; and thus a fruit originally of
one cell becomes bilocular: the cells however are not parallel, as
in all those cases where they exist in the unimpregnated ovarium,
but diverge more or less upwards.
In all the seeds of this order there is a very manifest cuaLaza,
which, whatever may be the point of insertion of the seed, is
always situated at its upper extremity; and I have not been
able to observe any fasciculus of vessels connecting it with the
umbilicus in cases where this latter is placed i ina different part
of the seed.
I am not aware of any function being ascribed to the cua-
taza of seeds, except the nutrition of their proper membrane:
but it appears to me too remarkable a part to be destined for
this purpose only; and some observations I have madé induge
FQ me
386 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
me to suppose that it is the organ secreting the liquor amnios.
This opinion I was first led to form by observing in some species
of Persoonia, in which the inspissated remains of this fluid are
visible in the ripe fruit, that it evidently originated in the cha-
laza and continued to adhere to it: nothing has hitherto oc-
curred to invalidate this opinion, which is here however hazarded
merely as a conjecture, requiring for its confirmation more nu-
merous and decisive facts than I can at present adduce.
That the atpumeEN of seeds is merely that condensed portion
of the liquor amnios which remains unabsorbed by the embryo,
seems to me very satisfactorily established; and as this fluid is
in the early stage never wanting, all seeds may in one sense be
said to have albumen: but while in some tribes this unabsorbed
part in the ripe seed many times exceeds the size of the embryo, so
there are others im which not a vestige of it remains; and such has
hitherto been supposed to be the case with Proteaceew: nor are
the few exceptions with which I am at present acquainted of so
decisive a nature as to invalidate this character of the order ; for
they occur only in some species of Persoonia, where the semi-
fluid remains of this substance are observable between the coty-
Jedons; and in Bedlendena, in which it continues to form a thin
fleshy coat on the inner surface of the proper membrane of the
seed. From such instances however we may expect to find plants
with a more copious albumen, which nevertheless it maybe neces-
sary from the whole of their organization to refer to this family.
The raprevLa pointing towards the base of the fruit in all
Proteacez is a circumstance of the greatest importance in. di-
stinguishing the order from the most nearly related tribes; and
its constancy is more remarkable, as it is not accompanied by
the usual position or even uniformity in the situation of the
eternal umbilicus.
If
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 37
‘If Gertner had not described the pLrumuta of Protea are
gentea, I should not have hesitated to assert that it was inconspi-
cuous in the whole order.
The number of coryLepoNs when more than two is a circum-
stance of little importance. In Persoonia, the only genus of the
order in which a plurality of cotyledons has been observed, I
am not even certain that their number is constant in those
species in which this anomaly occurs.
In the following part of this essay it may be observed, that
the genera into which I have subdivided the great African fa-
mily Protea, are in most cases similar to those already proposed
by Mr. Salisbury in the Paradisus Londinensis: from that
essay however they are certainly not derived, but before its
publication were formed and submitted to the judgment of
Mr. Dryander, at whose suggestion they are now offered to the
Society. That the results of an examination conducted by two
observers wholly independent of each other, are so similar, will
probably be considered as some proof of their correctness.
As Mr. Salisbury’s generic names have the unquestionable right
of priority of publication, I have in most cases adopted them,
though I wish some of them had been differently constructed.
But as I cannot accede to his application of the Linnean
names Protea and Leucadendron, I shall here, that I may not
disturb the following arrangement, assign my reasons for differing
from him in this respect; and as in so doing I am obliged to
trace the progress of Linnzus’s knowledge of the family, I per-
suade myself that this will in some degree compensate for the
otherwise unwarrantable length of the discussion.
The name Prorea, which originated with Linnzus, first oc-
curs in the folio edition of his Systema Nature published in
1735 ;
38 My. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
1735; no generic characters are there given, but from the re-
ferences to Boerhaave’s figures it is evident that the genus is, to
be understood in the same extensive sense which he at length
gave it in the second Mantissa. In 1737 appeared the Genera
Plantarum, and in it for the first time the natural generic cha- -
-racter of Protea: as inthis work he only cites Lepidocarpodendron
and Hypophyllocarpodendron of Boerhaave, it. follows that here
the genus is more limited, though its character is not peculiarly
applicable to either of Boerhaave’s genera referred to; and
the description of anthere and germen is not reconcilable to
any plant whatever of the family. In the same year Hortus
Cliffortianus was published, in which he resumes his first opinien
of: Protea, reducing to it all Boerhaave’s genera, but referring
to the character giyen in his own Genera Plantarum. It does
not appear on what ground this change of opinion was formed;
for in Clifford’s garden, according to Viridarium Cliffortianum,
there had only been two species, Protea argentea and saligna,
neither of which had flowered, and the former was already lost ;
while in his Herbarium, now in the collection of Sir Joseph
Banks, the specimens of all the three species given in the body
of the work are without fructification, and of Protea racemosa
added in the appendix there is no specimen whatever. “4
If Linnzeus is to be considered in a great degree the author of
the Prodromus Flore Leydensis, published by A. Van Royen in
1740, as has been asserted by some of his pupils, and may be
inferred from a passage in his Diary published by Dr, Maton,
it must be noticed as his next work in the order of time; for
from the same Diary it appears that he could only have been
employed in its composition in 1738. In this work the genus
Protea is given in the same extensive sense as in Hortus Cliffor-
tianus, and no fewer than 21 species are characterized, of which
however
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 39
however only two were in the Leyden gardem, the rest being
described from specimens in Van Royen’s Herbarium.
In 1738 he also published hjs Classes Plantarum, in which,
notwithstanding he appears to have composed it while engaged
in the arrangement of Van Royen’s collection, another fluctua-
tion of opinion occurs, Protea being limited as in the first edi-
tion of the Genera Plantarum, and to Leucadendros, which
here for the first time occurs, he refers the Conocarpodendron of
Boerhaave.
In 1740 he published the second edition of Systema Nature,
where the names Protea and Leucadendron are both given; but
the references to Boerhaave are reversed, Protea being confined
to his Conocarpodendron, and Leucadendron comprehending his
other two genera. In this sense they also appear in the second
edition of the Genera Plantarum published in 1742, in which
the character of Leucadendron is first given, some of whose
species he must, from the annexed asterisk, have seen recent:
his description of corolla and pistillum is only applicable to
Lepidocarpodendron.
In 1745 Limneus received the Herbarium of Herman, from
which he composed his Flora Zeylanica: the fourth volume of
this collection containing a mixture of Ceylon and African
plants, the latter are not noticed in this work; but from an if-
spection of the Herbarium itself, now in the Banksian collection,
it appears that he had added generic names to most of them:
of Protez only three species exist in the volume, of which Protea
conocarpa is one: of this there are on the same page two speci-
mens, whose heads of flowers are separately pasted ; under one
of these specimens he has written Leucadendron, and under the
second Protea; to a specimen of Protea Serraria on a different
page
40 Mr. Browy, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
page he has given the name of Santolina. These facts are men-
tioned to prove, that at this period his knowledge of the family
must have been chiefly derived from Boerhaave’s figures, and
perhaps from specimens which he had casually seen.
In 1748 the sixth edition of Systema Nature appeared, where
the essential characters of Protea and Leucadendron first occur,
both of them evidently derived from the natural characters ee
viously given.
In 1753 the Species Plantarum, the most accurate of all his
works, was given to the world; both genera are found in it, their
species characterized, and trivial names for the first time applied
to them: of Protea there are only two species, P. argentea and
fusca; to the former however he referred as varieties P. saligna,
conifera, and three others ; to the whole adding the following ob-
servation, which may be supposed to contain his chief reason
for applying his name Protea to this genus rather: than to that
for which in his Classes Plantarum he had first intended it.
* Planta naturalis in patria argentea excellit fronde inter arbores
nitidissima omnium; at culta et captiva extra patriam exuit
decus; variat dein etiam domi mille modis veré Protea.”
At this time he had in his Herbarium a specimen without
fructification of Protea argentea properly so called; but of its
supposed varieties or of P. fusca none whatever. Of his genus
Leucadendron he had only one species, L. proteoides, afterwards
called Protea purpurea, a plant differing in many respects from the
tribe to which he had, though not without hesitation, referred it.
In 1754 the fifth edition of Genera Plantarum appeared, in
which the characters of both genera remain exactly as in the
second.
In 1759 was publishd the tenth edition of Systema Nature,
where
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 41
where the essential generic characters are nearly the same as in
the sixth, and the specific characters are copied from the Species
Plantarum. J
Of this latter work the second edition appeared in 1762: it
contains two additional species of Leucadendron described from
Burmannus’s Collection and Plantz Africanz: Protea argentea
of the first edition is here divided into two species; the first
Protea argentea now so called, the second comprehending P. sa-
ligna, conifera, and three other nearly related species: to this latter
the greater part of the observation added to P. argentea of the
first edition is annexed, though evidently less applicable to the
species thus divided.
In the sixth edition of Genera Plantarum printed in 1764 no
alterations are made in the characters of these two genera.
In Mantissa prima published in 1767, two new species of
Leucadendron are described : neither of these, however, he had
in his Herbarium: the first, Leucadendron speciosum, he had pro-
bably accidentally seen, the anther of which are described as
filaments, and their callous apices alone as true anthere: the
description of the second, L. pinifolium, is by Van Royen.
In the twelfth edition of Systema Nature published in the
same year, the species of Leucadendron are arranged in a difte-
rent, and, as the author intended, a more natural order; from
which it may be concluded that at this time considerable addi-
tions had been made to his Herbarium: but L. glomeratum is un-
accountably omitted. Protea here receives again P. Levisanus,
the P. fusca of the first edition of the Species Plantarum, which
in the second had been referred to Brunia.
In Mantissa altera published in 1771, the two genera are
united under the name of Protea; new characters are given to
VoL. x. G the
AQ Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
the species, and most of them are described from specimens
then in his Herbarium; five species are added which had already
been published by the accurate Bergius; and three, P. totta,
strobilina and parviflora, are here first met with: in his descrip-
tion of the last, he seems to suspect it to be a male plant, which
we now certainly know to be the case. P. glomerata is here
again taken up; but Protea acaulis, cancellata and conocarpa
are omitted; and Protea conifera of the second edition of the
Species Plantarum is subdivided into three species, P. conzfera,
pallens and-saligna.
In:the thirteenth edition of the Systema Vegetabilium pub-
lished in 1774, the essential character of the genus is adapted
to its present state, and no alteration occurs among the species,
except that P. speciosa is considered as a variety of P. Lepido-
carpodendron.
From this statement it appears, that Linnzus in his earlier
works had not sufficient materials for obtaining an accurate no-
tion of this family; and hence that perpetual fluctuation of
opinion concerning it, which has been now pointed out, and
may in few words be recapitulated.
Ist, He gave the genus Protea the same extent which he at
length assigned to it in the Mantissa.
Qdly, He limited it, leaving unnoticed that part to which at a
latter period he exclusively applied the name.
3dly, He resumed his first opinion.
4thly, He subdivided it into two genera, giving them the same
names which are adopted in the present paper.
5thly, He continued the subdivision but reversed the names,
and for a reason, as it would seem, which is now known to be
founded in error.
And
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. AS
And lastly, Having acquired more perfect materials and per-
ceiving the insufficiency of his characters, he united them to-
gether, thus ending exactly where he commenced.
But, as in this he has been universally followed for nearly forty
years, Protea can no longer be considered as more strongly as-
sociated with any one species of the genus than another; and
therefore this name so familiar to botanists, if the necessity of
again subdividing the genus be allowed, ought certainly to
be given to that part which is best known, and which contains
the greatest number of published species, especially if the name-
be at least as applicable to this as to any other subdivision: now
this part unquestionably is the Lepidocarpodendron of Boer-
haave, the Protea of the first edition of the Genera Plantarum
and Classes Plantarum, and of the present Essay.
The question respecting the application of the name Leuca:
dendron is reducible to a smaller compass. Mr. Salisbury is
aware that the Linnzan character of the genus is only ap-
plicable to Lepidocarpodendron of Boerhaave; and therefore,
consistently with the reasons which determined him in his appli-
cation of the name Protea, Leucadendron ought to have been
retained for that which he has called Erodendrum in Paradisus
Londinensis ; and this it. seems he would have done, had it not
been differently used by Plukenet, whom he professes to follow
in this respect. But as rejecting Linnezan names when accom-
panied by characters, for those of Plukenet who never published
a single character, is somewhat unusual, it must be supposed to
have arisen from the latter author’s more appropriate use of this
significant name, while it may also be presumed that Linneus’s
application of it is wholly unsuitable; and it is at least to
be expected that in his own application he is consistent with
Plukenet, whom he means to follow.
. G2 To
44 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
To determine how far this is the case, I have examined the
figures published by Plukenet under the name of Leucadendros,
and also his Herbarium, which forms part of the Sloanean col-
lection in the British Museum. Of his three species so named
the first is Protea argentea, his “ Leucadendros africana arbor
tota argentea sericea foliis integris, Atlas Tree, D. Herman.” of
which the figure represents a branch without fructification, and
a separate fruit possibly of the same plant, but rather, as I
suspect, belonging to a different species of the same genus.
On the same plate is figured a single leaf, in all probability
belonging to P. conocarpa, with the following name, “ Leuca-
dendro similis africana arbor argentea folio summo crenaturis
florida, an Leucadendros africana foliis serratis D. Herman.?”
The separate fruit accompanying this probably does not belong
to it, but to some species of that division of Leucadendron
which Mr. Salisbury has called Euryspermum.
The third species, his “ Lewcadendros africana, seu Scolymo-
cephalus angustiori folio apicibus tridentatis,” is a good figure of a
flowering branch of Protea cucullata.
It could not certainly from his publications alone be under-
stood why the name Leucadendros is applied to these three
plants so little alike, while different names are given to species
much more nearly related to some of them than they are to each
other: of this however the solution is to be found in his Her-
barium; on consulting which I find, that after the publication of
Protea argentea, with whose flowers he was unacquainted, he
had acquired flowering specimens of Protea hirta, and had sup-
posed these two species to be the same, pasting between twoleaves
of argentea four loose heads of hirta, and under the whole copying
in his own hand the name Leucadendros, &c. at full length from
his Phytographia. This satisfactorily explains why he referred
P, cucullatae
My. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. AS
P. cucullata to Leucadendros, its flowers being very similar to
those of Protea hirta. As to his application of this name to
P. conocarpa, it could only proceed from his total ignorance of
its fructification ; for, as he has figured a nearly related species,
P. hypophylla, under the very different name of Thymelea, &c., it
is reasonable to conclude, that had he seen the flower of P. cono-
carpa he would have given it the same generic name. This
P. conocarpa however, of which it may truly be said he knew
_-nothing, and concerning which at least no information is to be
derived from his works, is the only species of the three which
belongs to Mr. Salisbury’s genus Leucadendron.
But the original Lewcadendros of Herman, of Plukenet, and of
Linnzus himself, is Protea argentea, the only plant of the family
to which the name can properly be applied; to this therefore
Thave assigned it in the following arrangement.
Before proceeding to this arrangement, I am happy in having
‘an opportunity of acknowledging that assistance which has so
liberally been afforded me.
To the invaluable Herbarium and Library of Sir Joseph Banks
I have on this, as on all other occasions, enjoyed the freest ac-
cess; an advantage which has been greatly enhanced by the op-
portunity it has given me of consulting my friend Mr. Dryander,
both as to the formation of genera and respecting synonyms, on
which points his sound judgment and unrivalled erudition so
well enable him to decide. pret
To Dr. Smith I am indebted for the permission of inspecting
the Linnzan Collection, and for the most friendly and. satis-
factory answers to the queries on this subject which he allowed
me to put to him.
Mr. Lambert, whose Herbarium in this tribe is only surpassed
46 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu,
by that of Sir Joseph Banks, has, with his accustomed liberality,
submitted it without reserve to my examination.
Mr. Hibbert, who for many years possessed the most aan
collection of living Proteas that has ever been formed, and
who also received from his intelligent collector Mr. Niven a va-
luable Herbarium of native specimens, most obligingly permitted
me to examine these, and even to dissect such as were new. | For
the like privilege I am indebted to the friendship of Mr, Aiton
of Kew, who sent me his whole collection, peculiarly valuable
as containing many of the original specimens of Mr. Masson:
and lastly, I have to acknowledge the great assistance I have
derived from the extensive collection presented to this Society
by my friend Dr. Roxburgh, who during his short residence at
the Cape appears to have paid particular attention to this tribe
of plants, and who, besides the many new species discovered by
him, las given a greater value to his Herbarium by numerous
observations on the sexes, the size, and places of growth, which
I have every where inserted on his authority.
PROTEAC EZ.
DIAGNOSIS.
Calyx tetraphyllus v. quadrifidus, zstivatione valvata.
Corolla nulla.
Stamina quatuor, (altero nunc eck laciniis calycis opposita.
Ovarium unicum, liberum. Stylus simplex.
Stigma subindivisum.
Semen (pericarpii varii) exalbuminosum.
Embryo dicotyledoneus, (rard polycotyledoneus,) rectus. Radi-
cula infera.
DESCRIPTIO.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. AT
DESCRIPTIO.
Frutices v. Arbores vix excels ; rarissimé Herbe.
Rami in plerisque annotino-umbellati.
Folia sparsa, nunc verticillata v. opposita, persistentia, exstipu-
lata, indivisa v. varié dentata, seu incisa profundidsve laci-
niata, rarissimé vere composita.
_ Inflorescentia subspicata, modo laxius, in racemum vy. corymbum
floribus spe geminatis, nunc densits congesta in capitulum,
vel aggregata supra receptaculum planiusculum, involucro per-
sistenti, sepiis imbricato, subtensum: in quibusdam quasi
abortione, uniflorum, indicante involucro. calyculum tunc
zmulante. Bractee dum flores geminati singulis paribus com-
munes; in capitatis persistentes, seepidsque aucte et indu-
rate, rard connate; in aggregatis nane, plerumque decidue,
quandoque nulley
Flores in plerisque hermaphroditi perfecti, nunc organorum vitio
diclines.
Calyx tetraphyllus, foliolis distinctis v. seepids plas minds arcté
coherentibus tubulosus; limbo quadrifido, zquali, laciniis
subspathulatis ; nunc irregulari sive ex earum cohvesione ra-
riusve inequalitate: coloratus, subcoriaceus, avenius, extis
sep pubescens, intds glaber raritsve barb4 ‘utplurimdm
partiali instructus, valvatim aperiens, ante expansionem mar-
ginibus subtruncatis mutud coherentibus: deciduus v. mar-
cescens, dum tubulosus sepits a basi tandem quadrifida
abscedens, quandoque basi integra diutius persisiente.
Corolla nulla. . .
Stamina quatuor, (altero nunc sterili,) foliolis calycis opposita,
lisdemque sepissimé inserta, in plerisque juxta apicem, quan-
doque prope medium vy, basin; rard hypogyna; calycem nun-
quam superantia,
Fila-
48 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Filamenta brevissima v. mediocria, rarissimé partim coheerentia.
Anthere adnate, biloculares, lineares, loculis per axin longi-
tudinaliter dehiscentibus; rar bipartite lobis respondentibus
vicinarum connatis loculumque unicum tandem bivalvem ef-
formantibus, altero lobo in quibusdam deficiente.
Pollen triangulare, angulis subsecernentibus, quandoque ellipti-
cum v. lunatum, raré sphzricum.
Squamule Glanduleve hypogyne v. quatuor foliolis calycis alter-
nantes, distincte seu connate ; v. pauciores et intus secunde,
interdum nulle, rarissimé staminuliformes.
Ovarium unicum, liberum, sepe pedicellatum, pedicello raris-
simé articulato, mono-di-poly-spermum quandoque bilocu-
lare: ovulis apice, basi v. latere ovarii affixis.
Stylus simplex, terminalis.
Stigma in plerisque indivisum, mod6 emarginatum raridsve bifi-
‘eodaat ; sepe obliquum, figura varium, ibainaiéc glabrum,
quandoque papulosum, hispidulum v. tomentosum.
Pericarpium, Nua, Samara v. Drupa monosperma rard disperma,
vel Folliculus coriaceus seu ligneus, di-poly-spermus basi, mar-
ginibusve suture seminifer; rard bilocularis, dissepimento
libero parallelo bipartibili !
Semen sessile, ventricosum, v. seepiis compressum, in follicu-
latis sepé alatum ; exalbuminosum, apice Chalazd venosa. in-
signitum, Rhaphi nulla.
Embryo dicotyledoneus, raré polycotyledoneus, rectus, albus.
Radicula infera, brevis.
Plumula vix conspicua.
‘1. AULAX.
Pp R oO T E A C E E. [To face page 48.
J. FRUCTUS CLAUSUS.
AL ANTHERZ DISTINCT.
a, ANTHERZ A CALYCE LIBERA.
+ Flores dioici, (organis imperfectis.) Stigma femineorum obliquum, emar; inatum, papulosum.
1. Nux exserta, (barbata :) squamis capituli feminei subulatis. Masculi flores racemosi...eeeeese ees eeeresenene . AULAX Page
2, Nux v. Samara squamis dilatatis strobili inclusa, “Masculi flores Capital. ss csccccecdeererassesreesons tee . hes OHO ey
tt Flores hermaphroditi, raro polygami dioici, stigmate tunc verticali.
«, Anthere apicibus concavis calycis immerse,
§ Ovarium monospermum. Nux subcrustacea y. Samara.
a, Squamule Glanduleve nulle hypogyne-
1. Nua lenticularis, hinc barbata v. Samara glabra. Calyx totus simul deciduus ....+.6+seee+seees
9, Nuwx ventricosa, undique equaliter barbata. Calya tubo gracili diutits persistenti.....eees+s00
b, Squamul@ y. Glandule quatuor hypogyn®.
teeee eee sPETROPHILA...-.+(67)
save ces hSOPOGONG.. snovn(?))
|| Calyx irregularis, labiatus, laciniis tribus (rard omnibus) cohzrentibus.
1. Calyx bipartibilis. Labii majoris lamine staminiferee coherentes. Stylus persistens, subulatus......+++PROTEA....++++«.(74)
2. Calyx tubulosus. Lamine staminifere distincte. Stylus deciduus, filiformi
MIS oc eee eeeeseseeeeess ees sLiEUCOSPERMUM. . .(95)
|| | Calya laciniis quatuor distinctis (spits equidistantibus).
a. Capitulum indefinite multiflorum, subpaleaceum. Involucrum dum adsit imbricatum.
1. Nux brevissime pedicellata. Pale persistentes. Receplaculum CONVEXUM....4eeeeeees +e ee SERRURIAs «60s (112)
2. Nua sessilis. Palee decidue, angustissime v. nulle. Receptaculum planum.......+++++++.MIMETES.. + (105)
B. Involucrum uniflorum vy. definite pauciflorum. Palee uulle.
t Squamule hypogyne a calyce toto deciduo liberze.
% Stigma verticale. Calyx regularis.
1, Nux sessilis, nitens, basi integra. Involuérum fructiferum induratum, 4-pb., 4-flor. .NIvENTA..... +. -(133)
2. Nux pedicellata v. basi emarginata. Tnvolucrum fructiferum non mutatum.......-SOROCEPHALUS. .(139)
** Stigma obliquum, dilatatum. ‘Calycis Jacinia quarta sceepé majore..++4++++++eeeee «SPATALLA......+(143)
{| Squamule hypogyne infra adnate basi persistenti calyciS....+++eesssecerseressceeers -ADENANTHOS....(151)
§§ Ovarium dispermum. Drupa baccata, putamine osseo, “Stigma obliquum, dilatatum. Calym irregulariS.ssssesseeereereerees ,GUEVINA,....+..(165)
B. Anthere exserte. Stamina medio v. basi calycis inserta v. hypogyna.
+ Glandule bypogyne distinct s. connate. v. Stamina quatuor sterilia. Drupa putamine osseo.
* Drupa exsucea, tomentosa. Filamenta basi calycis inserta. Vaginulahypogyna. Flores polygami....++++
** Drupa baccata. Flores hermaphroditi. ; ; ; . :
1. Glandule hypogyne carnose. Stamina medio calycis supra recurvi inserta. Ovarium pedicellatum . .
, Glandule hypogyne staminuliformes. Stamina basi calycis supra angustati inserta. Ovarium sessile .
++ Glandule nulle bypogyne.
§ Stamina calyci inserta.
1. Filamenta distincta. Stigma unilaterale. Ovarium monospermum, trigonum (imberbe).. «+++++
2, Filamenta apice coherentia. Stigma subtruncatum. Ovarizim dispermum, teres. ..+++ ++
§ § Stamina receptaculo inserta. Samara aptera, 1-2-sperma. St;gma simplex...
duisidunine eb DRABELUM(s een oe (1O4)!
Miietetss .PERSOONIA...+..(159)
sees + CENARRHENES. . (158)
. AGASTACHYS....(158)
.SYMPHIONEMA. . .(157)
BELLENDENA....(166)
cis HYPOcRATERLFORMIS |! Nuw fusiformis, pedicellata 5 apice dilatato papposo.+++-+++++e++: nopopnaboudpanndgs e+» -PRANKLANDIA... «(157)
b. ANTHERA ADNATZ TUBO CALY
B. ANTHERZ COHZRENTES, vicinarum lobis proximis loculum unicum constituentibus | tandem distincte.
a, Calyx regularis. -Anthere exserte, omnes bilobe....cseeeeeneree
B. Calyx ringens. Anthere@ incluse, Jaterales dimidiatee 5 Stamine quarto sterili.
}. Stigma liberum. Anthera Jabii superioris biloba... .+-+s.+eeesaecnrerssresscetes paraqnanooccd kaon doneqnon od ConosPERMUM.. -(153)
2. Stigma filamento sterili coherens, Anthera media labii inferior nleietatet cet etetavatetoh shalalaezexeivcoleye(e . SYNAPHEA...... (155)
Il, FRUCTUS
IJ. FRUCTUS DEHISCENS.
A. UNILOCULARIS.
a, OVARIUM DISPERMUM. Fruclus quandoque monospermus.
+ Anthere apicibus concavis calycis immerse. Glandula hypogyna unica dimidiata, vy. nulla. paga
* Glandula nulla hypogyna. Stigma conicum. Semen apteruM..eseesesseesterseseescescsrssssasecssessanss veeeeneeerereresess ANADENIA cs... (166)
** Glandula hypogyna dimidiata, quandoque lobata. — . ~ = F
lL. Pollicilus (coriaceus v. ligneus) loculo centrali. Semina ala apicis dum adsit nucleo breviore....sssees ee seeseeeeeseneeeseueessssGREVILLEA......(167)
2. Folliculus incrassato-ligneus, loculo excentrico. Semina ala apicis nucled longiore...ssceccccccceccerrecsecsecesessseserseciee cfTAKEA......- «(178)
++ Anther@ exserte, apicibus calycis revolutis. Glandule hypogyne quatuor, distinct# v. connate.
t Involucrum coloratum, deciduum, uni-multiflorum, receptaculo plano. Semina marginata. Stigma subulatum. .+..-++ee++0++eeee++5 slsAMBERTIA... ..(187)
tt Involucrum nullum. Flores spicati.
a. Semina apice (solum) alata.
1. Folliculus incrassato-ligneus, loculo excentrico. Stigmaclayatum. Flores polygami...... te aeceneseeeosers 6e0+K¥YLOMELUM....(189)
2. Folliculus coriaceus, loculo centrali. Stigma stibeyfndraeeuca, Gol latatetetassielcielavlelsi=(elcielslel<isin(ejalsie(elsles/eteisleinietnlel=teiei-istetstateists © RLOES tetera sisterere (50)
f. Semina utrinque alata, marginata. Stigma clavatum. FPolliculus ligneo-coriaceus..+++e++eesseeeeeesseeeseeceeseeeeeesse+RHOPALA. ...- -.(190)
b. Ovarium TErRAsPERMUM ! Calyx regularis. Anther@ exserte. Semina apice alata. Glandule quatuor hypogyn® +s... ssssseseesceessevececereeessKNIGHTIA, .
c. OvARIuM potysPERMUM. Calyx irregularis, apicibus concavis staminiferis.
§ Semina apice alata.
* Stigma verticale, clavatum. Glandula hypogyna unica, semiannularis..sseeesssseresreeeeerssecereeessecees
** Stigma obliquum, unilaterale.
1, Glandula nulla hypogyna. Stigma dilatatum, concavum. Involucrum (racemi) nullum. ..++0.eseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeecees + OREOCALLIS.....(196)
2. Glandula unica hypogyna, subannularis. Stigma elavatum, conyexum. Involucrum (racemi) deciduum .......+.++++++++++eeee+-TELOPEA,.. ....(197)
3. Glandule tres bypogyne, secunde. Stigma dilatatum, concayum. Calycis foliola distincta....sesssseeeecesesseeeserereees + sLOMATIAs caves +(199)
§§ Semina basi alata! Glandula hypogyna unica dimidiata. Stigma dilatatum, concavum +... .+.+++ereeeecererereceecteereeeeeeseescrssueess sOTENOCARPUS. » «.(201)
B. BILOCULARIS, dissepimento libero, bifido.
1. Amentum paribus flosculorum tribracteatis ... Ada 5 eelelstnyataleteteisioleselevelavelateisterelsteleleintereraterarele}aisielalateraicieleiaiereteinin A SSTIA (202)
2. Receptaculum commune planum ; involucro imbricato ; flusculis indeterminatim confertis, paleis solitariis v. Mullis. ..ssseeeeesseeseeeneeesesesseseeesss DRYANDRA... (211)
tees eeeeeesesees, EMBOTHRIUM.. «.(195)
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. AO.
1. AULAX.
Berg. Cap. 33. Salish. Parad. 67.
Cuar. Gey. Flores dioici, organis imperfectis.
. Mase. racemosi : Calyz tetraphyllus foliolis medio staminiferis.
Fem. Stigma obliquum, clavatum, hispidulum, emarginatum.
Nuv exserta, ventricosa, barbata, squamis capituli subulatis.
Haxirus. Frutices glaberrimi. Folia integerrima. Flores termi-
nales, unibracteati. Masculiin racemis aggregatis, nudis. Fe-
minei in capitulo solitario, cincto foliolis intis auctis appendiculo
aceroso-multifido, capitulo quasi abortive racemis exterioribus
maris analogo, (interdum florifero, fide Cel. Salisburii.)
1. A. pinifolia, foliis filiformibus canaliculatis.
Masc. Pini foliis planta Africana Cyperi capitulis. Herm. Afr.
18. Burm. Afr. 193. t. 70. f. 3.
Pini folio planta Capensis floribusspicatis. Raj. Hist. 3. App.
p- 247. n. 47.
Pini facie frutex africanus, Cyperi capitulis umbellatis.
Sher. in Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr.p. 130.
Aulax pinifolia. Berg. Cap. 33.*
Leucadendron pinifolium. .D. Van Royen in Linn. “Mant.
36.* Syst. Nat. ed. xii. ¢.-2. p. 110.
Protea pinifolia. Linn. Mant. 187. (sed specimen maris
A.umbellate habebat in Herb.) Syst. Nat. ed. xiii. t. 2.
p- 117. Thunb. Diss. n. 20.* Prod. 26. Willd. Sp. Pi. 1.
p- 515. Lam. Ilust. Gen. 1. p. 237. n. 1244. And. Repos.
76.bona. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 651.
Fem. Scolymocephalus africanus foliis Rorismarini acutis.
Herm. Afr. 20. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 10. :
Conophorus capensis pini folio. Petiv. Gazoph. 3. n. 458,
1.25. f. 7. Bvo0. p. 40.
VOL. x. H Lepido-
50 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Lepidocarpodendron ; foliis angustissimis, gramineis; fruc-.
tu canccllato; semine coronato. Boerk. Lugd. Bat. 2.
p. 193. c. tab.
Leucadendron eancellatum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 91.
ed. 2. p. 134. omiss. in Mant. et Syst. Veg. ed. xii.
Protea bracteata. Thunb. Diss. n.. 24.* tab.1. Prod. 26.
Linn. Suppl. 118. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1.p. 517. Lam. lust. Gen.
1. p. 238. n. 1245. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 652.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus; prope Platte-kloof,.
Hottentots-Holland, et alibi. (v..s.in Herb. plur.)
Oss. Pollen globosum,
2, A. umbellata, foliis planis spathulato-linearibus.
Masc. Protea aulacea. Thunb. Diss. n. 33.* tab. 2. bona..
Prod.26. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p 520. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237.
n. 1243, Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 651.
Fem. Protea umbellata. Thunb. Diss. n. 34.* Prod. 26. Linn.
Suppl. 118. Willd. Sp. Pl. ¥. p. 520. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237.
n. 1242. And. Repos. 248. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p.650.
Has. In Africa Australis montibus, prope Prom. B. Spei;
Taffelberg, Platte-kloof, &c. (v. s.in Herb. Banks.)
Oxs. Pollen subglobosum, obtusissimé trigonum.
2, LEUCADENDRON..
Herm. Pluk. Linn. in Class. Plant. Conocarpodendra, ¢.. 195.
197. 200. 202. 203. 204. Boerh. Protea. Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 2...
5.6. Conocarpos. Adans. Famill. Protea, Euryspermum,
Chasme. Salisb. Parad. Lond.
Cuar. Gen. Flores dioici, organis imperfectis ; capitati.
- Fem. Stigma obliquum, clavatum, emarginatum, hispidulum.
Nuw
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 51
Nuv v. Samara monosperma, squamis (quandoque coheren-
tibus) strobili inclusa.
Hasirus. Frutices, rard Arbores, sepe sericeo-tomentosi. Folia
integerrima. Capitula terminalia, solitaria ; bracteis imbricatis So-
liisve verticillatis et subcoloratis plerumque cincta.
Oss. The separation of sexes in the genus Protea of authors, ob-
-scurely suspected by Linneus himself in his Protea parviflora,
and afterwards more expressly by Lamarck in P. pinifolia, was-
first ascertained in Aulax and the present genus (as Mr. Dryan-
der informs me) by our countryman Masson, during his last re-
_sidence at the Cape of Good Hope, and is beautifully illustrat-
ed by that eminent botanical painter Mr. Francis Bauer, in his
anpublished drawings preserved in the Banksian collection.
Numerous observations on the same subject have also more
-tecenfly been made by Dr. Roxburgh and Mr. Niven, who have
bestowed much pains in ascertaining its limits, of which, as
far as regards the African part of the family, Mr. Salisbury has
given an accurate account in his Essay already quoted. The Dis-
-sertation of Thunberg, who was wholly unacquainted with this
separation of sexes in these plants, is necessarily imperfect,
and he has, in several cases, described the different sexes as di-
stinct species; and thus also Bergius has founded his genus
Aulaw on the male of a species, whose female he had previously
published as a Leucadendron. On the other hand, Jussieu,
deceived by the resemblance in inflorescence, between Bra-
bejum and the spiked species of Protea, has erroneously
suspected these to be .monoicous, while he has totally over-
looked the truly dioicous nature of the present genus.
H2 + Nux
52 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
+ Nux ventricosa, stylo toto calyceque persistentilus.
1. L. argentewm, arboreum, foliis lanceolatis argenteis : marginibus
ramisque villosis, bracteis involucrantibus abbreviatis tomen-
tosis, calycibus masculis sericeis.
Scolymocephalus Africana, foliis sericeis angenteis longis acu-
tis. Herm. Cat.
Leucadendros Africana, arbor tota argentea, sericea, foliis in-
tegris. Atlas Tree. D. Herman. Pluken. Phyt. t. 200. f. 1. ra-
mulus sine floribus nuce separata ; forte specie? distinctz.
Conifera salicis facie, folio et fructu tomento sericeo candi-
cante obductis, semine pennato. Sloane in Philos. Trans. 17.
p. 664. strobilus cum fructu separato.
Frutex Athiopicus conifer, foliis lanuginosis omnium maximis.
Breyn. Prod. 2. p. 66.
Argyrodendros africana foliis sericeis et argenteis. Com. Hort. 2.
p. 51. t. 26. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 9.
Globularia Africana frutescens Thymelee folio lanuginoso.
Tournef. Inst. 467 ?
Conocarpodendron ; foliis argenteis, sericeis, latissimis. Boerh.
Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 195. c. tab. ‘
Scolymocephalus africanus, folio crasso nervoso sericeo. Weinm.
Phyt. 4. p. 293. t. 900.
Briickm. Epist. Itin. 2. p. 8. t. 4. strobilus.
Protea foliis lanceolatis integerrimis acutis hirsutis nitidis. Hort.
Cliff. 29. Virid. Cliff. 8. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 184. Wachend. Ultra).
201.
Protea argentea a. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 94.
Protea argentea. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 137. Mant. 194. Thunb. Diss.
n.48.* Prod.27. Gert. Sem. 1. p. 239. t. 51. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1.
p- 529. Lam. Iilust. Gen. 1. p. 237. n. 1236. t. 53. f. 1. Poi-—
ret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 648.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 53
Has. In AfricA Australi, ad radices lateraque montium, prope
Prom. B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. &c.)
Oxs. Squamulas quatuor hypogynas, longas, angusto-lineares,
in floribus masculis observavi: femineos nondum vidi.
2. L. plumosum, fruticosum, foliis lineari-lanceolatis muticis gla-
bris subsericeisve: basi attenuata tort4, involucris calycibus-
que masculis glabris; femineis persistentibus plumosis
quadrifidis, nucibus cuneato-oblongis villosis.
Masc. Protea parviflora. Linn. Mant. 195.* Syst. Veg. ed. xiii.
p- 119. Thunb. Diss. n. 40.* tab. 4. bona. Prod. 27. Willd. Sp.
Pl.1. p. 524. Lam. Lilust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1220. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 643.
Fem. Protea obliqua. Thunb. Diss. n. 39.* Prod. 27. Linn.
Suppl. 117.* fide descriptionis, nullum enim specimen in
herbario, monente Cel. Smith. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 524.
Protea plumosa. Hort. Kew..1. p. 12°7.
Han. In Africé Australi, prope Fransche Hoek et alibi haud
infrequens. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Oss. Squamule null hypogyne in mare: femina ad anthesin
haud observata.
*3. L. retusum, fruticosum, foliis oblongo-spathulatis glabris : basi
attenuatis; callo apicis subretuso, ramis tomentosis, involu-
cris pubescentibus, calycibus masculis glabris, femineis plu-
mosis quadripartitis, nucibus glabris obovato-orbiculatis.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus prope Prom. B. Spei; Pick-
et-Berg. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Ozs. Strobilus cum Nucibus et Calyce ad basin tabule 199.
Boerh. Lugd. Bat. vel ad hanc vel ad sequentem speciem
pertinere videntur.
*4,. Li. spa-
54 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
*4. L. spathulatum fruticosum, foliis oblongo-spathulatis: basi
attenuatis ; callo apicis acutiusculo recurvo ramisque glabris,
calycis feminei tardits decidui laminis nudis, nucibus glabris
latioribus quam Jongis demum muticis.
Has. In Africe Australis planitiis elevatioribus arenosis, prope
Promont. B. Spei. (v.s. in Herb. Hibbert.)
Oss. In Mare? squamulas quatuor longissimas hypogynas ob-
servavi.
*5, L. sessile, fruticosum, foliis lanceolato-oblongis glabris: basi
obtusa.
Has. In Africd Australi prope Promont. B. Spei. D. Masson.
(v.s. in Herb. Banks.)
Oss. Squamule hypogyne longissime, persistentes.
++ Nux ventricosa v. lenticularis apiera, undique marginibusve pilosa. Stylus totus
deciduus, basive solum remanenti. Calyx ditt persistens quadripartitus.
*6. L. angustatum, foliis lineari-spathulatis (passim angustatis)
obtusis muticis concaviusculis ramisque glabris, strobili squa-
mis conniventibus nucibusque pubescentibus subglobosis
muticis, calycibus plumosis.
Has. In Afric Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei. D. Masson.
(in Herb. D. Aiton. vidi.)
Desc. Frutex, ramis strictis, divisis. Folia sparsa, frequentia,
erecta, 8—9Q lineas longa, obtusissima, ad apicem (vix callo-
sum) sesquilineam lata, in eodem ramo_ passim dimidio an-
gustiora. Strobilus subglobosus, magnitudine globuli scloppi
minoris : Squamis ovatis exterioribus latioribus. Nu« mag-
nitudine seminis Vicie, levissimé compressa undique pube
brevi induta, cincta calyce ad_ basin quadripartito vix lon-
giore.
*7. Li. im-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 55.
*7. L. imbricatum, foliis lanceolato-linearibus glabris imbricatis
basi obtusis, squamis strobili dilatato-cuneatis retusis ‘seri-
ceis, nucibus undique comosis basi styli sesimince pak
Protea Levisanus. Herb. Linn.
Has. In Africa Australi, prope Prom. B. Shui : atone Zant.
(v. s. in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn.)
Oss. Squame nulle hypogyne.
*8. L. buaifolium, foliis ovali-lanceolatis subimbricatis: adultis
glabris, squamis strobili dilatato-cuneatis sericeis, nucibus
-undique comosis basi styli mucronatis.
« Protea imbricata. Wend. Hort. Herenh. tab. 14? excl. syn.
Has. In Africé Australi. D. Masson. (v. s. in Herbs Banks.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus. Rami umbellati, tenuis-
simé tomentosi. Folia frequentia, erecto-imbricata, sessilia,
concaviuscula, avenia, opaca, semiunguicularia ; superiora
‘tenuissimé pubescentia; floralia angustiora. Masc. Capi-
tulum sessile magnitudine pisi. Calyx tubo unguibusque
sericeis, laminis glabriusculis. Syuamule quatuor hypogyne
Jonge, lineares.. Fem. Capitulum paulo majus. Calycis un-
gues laminque sericez. Squamule nulle hypogyne. Nuwr
ovata, calyce did cincta.
Oxss. I. Nimis affine L. imbricato,. figura faliituth preesertim
distinguendum.
Oss. II. Icon Wend. supra citata forsan diversz speciei; foliis
oblongis semuncialibus _pilosis, strobilts longioribus, . squa-
mulis hypogynis = an: potids ad priorem referenda ?.
9. L. Levisanus, foliis obovato-spathulatis obtusissimis : adultis
glabris, ramulis pilosis, capitulis masculis sessilibus, nucibus
undique comosis muticis.
Levisanus:
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Levisanus capensis serpylli folio. Petiv. Gazoph. 9. ¢. 5.f.7?
mala.
Chrysanthemum Conyzoides Aithiopicum, capitulo aphyllo, Ti-
thymali paralii foliis subrotundis, hiulculis in superficie con-
spicuis. Pluk. Mant. 47. t. 343. f. 9. bona.
Conocarpodendron; foliis subrotundis, brevissimis, capituli
immaturi globosi parte inferiore fusca, medid aurea, suprema
viridi. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 202. c. tab.
Brunia foliis oblongis incanis, florum capitulo ramulum termi-
nante. Burm. Afr. 267.* t. 100. f. 2. Mas. bona.
Scolymocephalus seu Conocarpodendron, foliis brevissimis.
Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 290. t. 904. a. pessima quoad colores
Protea fusca. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 95.
Brunia Levisanus. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 289.
Leucadendron Levisanus. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 324.*
Berg. Cap. 20.* Mas.
Protea Levisanus. Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. xii. ¢. 2. p. 111. Mant.
194.* quoad descriptionem, sed specimen in Herbario est fe-
mine L. imbricati. Thunb. Diss. n. 43.* Prod. 27. Willd. Sp.
Pl. 1. p. 526. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235.n. 1223. Porret. En-
cyc. Botan. 5. p. 644. Wend. Hort. Herenh, t. 1. Mas.
Has. In Africe Australis campis sabulosis ericetisque, prope
Prom. B. Spei. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.)
Oxs. Squamule nulle hypogyne.
10. L. tortum, foliis spathulato-linearibus obtusis basi tortis :
adultis glabris ; junioribus ramulisque subsericeis, capitulis
masculis pedunculatis, calycis laminis sericeis, nucibus undi-
que comosis muticis.
Protea torta. Thunb. Diss. n. 31.*? Prod. 26.? Willd. Sp. Pl. 1.
p- 519°
Protea
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 57
Protea cinerea. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 521.* Fem. sec. disc. exclus.
syn.
Has. In Africe Australis depressis, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v.
s. in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn.)
11. L. cinereum, foliis spathulato-linearibus argenteis, capitulis
masculis sessilibus, nucibus obovato-cuneatis villosiusculis
muticis.
Protea alba. Thunb. Diss. n. 32.* sec. desc. Prod. 26. Willd.
Sp. Pl. 1. p. 520. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 236. n. 1233. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 647.
Protea cinerea. Hort. Kew. 1. p. 127. Fem. fid. spec. descript.
in Herb. Banks.
Has. In Africa Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb.
Banks.)
Oss. Squamule quatuor hypogyne in utroque sexu.
12. L. corymbosum, foliis lineari-subulatis imbricatis glabris, stro-
bili squamis acutis apice recurvis, nucibus subcompressis
obcordatis margine pilosis.
Leucadendron corymbosum. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 325.*
Berg. Cap. 21.* Mas
Protea corymbosa. Thunb. Diss. n. 28.* (desc. e mare preci-
pue.) tab. 2. Mas. Thunb. Prod. 26. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 518.
Lam. Iilust. Gen. 1. p. 238. n. 1250. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5.
\ Pp. 653.
Protea bruniades. Linn. Suppl. 117.* Mas. fid. spec. in illius Herb,
Protea corymbosa. And. Repos. 495. Fem.
Has. In Afric Australi, Drakenstein, Swartland, Rode Zant.
(v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Oss. Squamule quatuor bypogyne in utroque sexu.
VOL. x. I ¢tt Samara
58 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
ttt Samara glabra alata v. aptera. Stylo (fere toto) calyceque deciduis. Squamz
strobili distincte.
13. L. decorum, foliis oblongis venosis callo recurvo : adultis gla-
bris ; junioribus ramisque sericeis ; floralibus coloratis semi-
scariosis, strobili squamis extts tomentosis: apice retuso
parim coarctato glabro, nucibus marginatis impresso-punc-
tatis.
Protea laureola. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1214. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 641.* Fem. exclus. syn. eink, Thun-
bergii, Schraderi.
Has. In Africa Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v.s. in Herb.
Banks.)
14, L. squarrosum, foliis lanceolato-oblongis: callo recurvo an-
ticé sulco lineari ; adultis ramisque glaberrimis, amenti fe-
minei oblongo-ovati squamis sursim glabris dilatatis integris
ciliatis : strobili recurvis undulatis.
Masc. Protea arcuata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1215?
Protea obliqua «. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 642.* ? ex-
clus. syn. Thunber. Linnei et Boerhaav.
Fem. Protea strobilina. Linn. Mant. 192.*
@. Conocarpodendron ; folio rigido, crasso, angusto, cono
laricis parvo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 197. .c. tab. Fem. ?
Has. In Africa Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. s.in Herb.
Soc. Linn.)
15. L. concolor, foliis spathulato-oblongis: callo anticé subrotundo;
adultis glabris; floralibus masculis concoloribus, ramis pu-
bescentibus, amenti feminei squamis retusis basi tomentosis, .
margine ciliatis.
Masc. Protea arcuata &. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1215?
Protea
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 59
Protea globosa. And. Repos. 307. bona. Simsin Bot. Mag.
878.
Protea obliqua 8. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 642? exclus.
syn. Boerh. Thunb. Linnei, Willd.
Fem. Protea strobilina. Schrad. Sort. Hanov. 1. p. 7. t. 1.
Has. In Africd Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb.
Soc. Linn.)
16. L. grandiflorum, foliis lanceolato-oblongis: callo apicis an-
ticé subrotundo; adultis glabris; floralibus coloratis, ramis
tenuissimé tomentosis, squamis amenti utriusque sex{is ovatis
obtusiusculis glabris fucatis.
Masc. Euryspermum grandiflorum. Salisb. Parad. 105.
Has. In Africa Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. s.)
*17. L. ovale, foliis oblongo-ovalibus subaveniis : callo obtuso ;
adultis utrinque glabris margine tomentosis, strobili squamis
lanceolato-ovatis acutis glabris, samaris apteris impunctatis
extus ventricosis.
Protea strobilina. Thunb. Diss. n. 44.* secund. clastic
Has. In Africd Australi. D. Masson. Palmetta River. Gul.
Roxburgh M. D. (v.s.in Herb. Banks.)
*18. L. venoswm, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis venosis glabris : callo
acuto, strobili squamis ovato-lanceolatis acutis ciliatis extra
medium glabris, calycibus persistentibus, nucibus apteris.
Has. In Afric Australi. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s.in Herb.
Soc. Linn.)
19. L. decurrens, foliis lanceolato-spathulatis basi attenuatis sub-
decurrentibus concaviusculis ramisque glabris, calycis femi-
12 nel
60 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
nei tubo hirsuto, strobili squamis subrotundis demim glabri-
usculis, samaris obcordatis alatis cinereis utrinque convexis.
Protea pallens. Thunb. Diss. n. 41.* secund. descrip. exclus.
omnibus synonymis.
Protea chamela. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237. n. 1240? exclus.
syn. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 650* ?
Has. In Africd Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb.
Banks. et Soc. Linn.)
*20. L. glabrum, foliis lineari-lanceolatis aveniis: adultis ramis-
que glabris, strobili squamis obtusissimis subretusis tuboque
calycis nudis, samaris alatis nigris planiusculis dilatatis.
Has. In Africa Austral, prope Prom. B. Spei. Gul. Roxburgh
M.D. (v.s.in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
21. L. strictum, foliis linearibus mucrone subulato glabris, brac-
teis involucrantibus ovatis acutis capitulo florido longioribus,,.
strobili squamis dilatatis rotundatis ear samaris apteris,
impresso-punctatis.
Mase. Euryspermum salicifolium. Salish, Parad. 75. bona.
Protea conifera. And. Repos. 541.
Protea conica. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237, m. 1237?
Protea: conifera A. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 649?
Has. In Africé Australi, ad ripas fluviorum et in humidis in-
ter saxa, prope Stellenboch et Rode Zant. Gul. Roxburgh
M. Dy (vy. s..in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn.)
*22. L. virgatum, foliis linearibus acutis pellucido-marginatis:
ramisque glaberrimis : floralibus lineari-lanceolatis elongatis,
strobili squamis ovatis integris incano-tomentosis, samaris.
alatis emarginatis.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussiew 61
Has. In Afric& Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei. (v.s. in
Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Oss. Folia ramea basi torta; floralia intis colorata rameis
strobilisve duplo longiora; bractez involucrantes capitulo
florido breviores. Strobilus ovatus magnitudine Avellane,
squamis tomento vix nitente, superioribus apice sub-coarc-
tatis.
*23. L. adscendens, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis: floralibus:
lanceolatis apice coarctatis coloratis concavis, strobili squa-
mis ovatis integris incano-tomentosis, samaris alatis emar-
ginatis, ramis adscendentibus, caulibus subdepressis..
Thymelza capitata seu julifera angusto salicis folio promon-
torii Bone Spei. Pluk. Mant. 181. t. 229. f.6. Mas. fide spe-
cim. in Herb. Pluk.
Conocarpodendron ; folio angusto, rigido, breviore; cono par-
vo aureo, corona foliaceé succincto. Boerh, Lugd. Bat. 2
p. 200. c. tab. ?
Scolymocephalus minor. Wein. Phyt. 4. p. 295. t. 903. a. ?
Protea pallens. Linn. Mant. 193.* Mas. fid.spec. in ejusd. Herb.
Protea conifera. Linn. Mant. 193.* Fem. fid. spec. in ejusd.
Herb..
Has. In Africe Australis montibus, pape Promont. B. Spei..
(v. s-in Herb. Banks.)
Oss. I. Strobilus ad basin tab. 9. Breyn. Cent. hue pertinet.
Ozs. I]. Protea pallens et conifera auctorum recentiorum ex
eorum descriptionibus incompletis et ab altero solim sexu
desumptis vix extricande et zquo jure ad hance speciem vel
ad L. virgatum v. glabrum citari possint..
o
*24, L. concinnum, foliis lanceolato-oblongis obtusiusculis:aveniis
ramisque:
62 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
ramisque glaberrimis: floralibus subconformibus semicolora-
tis, strobili squamis ovatis integris argenteo-tomentosis, sa-
maris alatis emarginatis.
Has. In Africze Australis montibus. D. Niven. (in Herb. Hibb.
vidi.)
Desc. Frutex decempedalis (Niven.) Rami stricti, glaberrimi.
Folia frequentia, erecta, subimbricata, uncialia, marginibus
angustissimis, semipellucidis, scabriusculis, parim concava,
callo apicis obtusiusculo: floralia sesquiuncialia, strobilo
maturo vix duplo longiora.
25. L. .salignum, foliis lanceolato-linearibus acutissimé mucrona-
tis subsericeis: floralibus lanceolatis coloratis, strobili squa-
mis tomentosis sursim dilatatis retuso-bilcbis margine glabris,
samaris apice latiusculé margine angustissimé alatis,
Conocarpodendron; folio tenui, angusto, saligno; cono calycu-
Jato, corona foliacea succincto. Boerh, Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 204.
c. tab. .
Protea foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis acutis. Hort. Cliff.
29. secund, specim. in Herb. Cliff. quod ramulus absque fruc-
tificatione.
Protea foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis superioribus hirsu-
tis nitidis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 184.
Protea argentea 8. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 94. Exclus. syn. Brey-
nii et Tournefortii.
Protea conifera a. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. p. 138. excl. syn.
Protea saligna. Linn. Mant. 194. Mas. exclus. syn. Bergii et
Breynii. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 236. n. 1235. Poiret. Encyc.
Botan. 5. p. 648.* Fem.
Has. In Africd Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei, in montosis.
(v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
26. L. uli-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 63
26. L. wuliginosum, foliis lanceolato-linearibus utrinque argenteis
tomento arcté adpresso: callo apicis acuto, ramis tomentosis,
calycis feminei tubo hirsuto, squamis strobili sericeis dila-
tatis subundulatis obsolete retusis, samaris apteris.
Frutex eethiopicus conifer foliis cneori salici zemulis. Breyn.
Cent. 21. t..9. excepto strobilo ad basin tabule, qui ad
L. adscendens pertinet.
Protea saligna. Thunb. Diss. n. 47.* secund. descrip.
Has. In Africe Australis uliginosis, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v.s.)
27. L. floridum, foliis lanceolato-linearibus sericeis supra villosis :
callo apicis acuto; floralibus subtis ramisque hirsutis, calyci-
bus masculis longitudinaliter pilosis, strobili squamis tomen-
tosis apice dilatatis integris, samaris apteris..
Thymelea capensis sericeis longioribus et acutis foliis caule
geniculato-piloso. Pluk. Phyt. 181. t. 229. f. 4. fide specim.
in ejus Herb.
Protea saligna mas et fem. And. Rep. 572?
Has. In Africa Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei, in paludosis
ad radicem Montis Wynberg. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in
Herb. Banks. .et Mus.. Brit.),
tttt Squame. strobili connate: Sarnara Soliaceo-compressa, glabra. Folia aliqua.
vel omnia filiformia.
*28. L. platyspermum, foliis superioribus lineari-spathulatis: callo
obtuso, strobili squamis duplicatis longitudinaliter accretis :
rimis semicircularibus, samaris duplo latioribus quam longis. .
Has. In Africé Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei. Hout Hoek...
And. Auge. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Frutex glaber. Folia inferiora filiformia, canaliculata,
sesquiuncialia ; superiora plana, yix longiora.
Misc
64 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
Masc. Amentum ovatum, bracteis lanceolatis, sericeis subten-
sum. amine calycis glabra. Stigma clavatum.
Fem. Amentum oblongum: Squamis glabris connatis. Ungues
calycis villosz. Lamine glabre. Stigma dilatatum, obliquum,
papulosum. Strobilus oblongus, quandoque ovatus, rimis
transversis semicirculum sub-zquantibus. Samara cinerea,
levis.
29. L. comosum, foliis superioribus spathulato-lanceolatis obtusis
mucronatis rugoso-striatis, strobilis oblongis : squamis basi
connatis supra distinctis marginibus inflexis sub-barbatis,
samaris subrotundis nigris.
Protea comosa. Thunb. Diss. n. 25.* secund. descript. folior.
Prod. 26. Wilid. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 517. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 238.
n. 1254. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 655.
Has. In Africd Australi, pone Montes Swellendam. .D. Masson.
(v. s. in Herb. Banks. et D. Aiton.)
*30, L. emulum, foliis superioribus lanceolato-spathulatis acutis
rugoso-striatis, strobilis ovatis: squamis basi cohzrentibus
supra distinctis marginibus recurvis imberbibus, samaris
subrotundis nigris.
Protea incurva. And. Repos. 429. forté Mas hujus speciei, quam-
vis folia superiora vix duplo latiora.
Has. In Africa Australi. Gul. Roxburgh M.D. (v.s. in Herb.
Soc. Linn.)
31. L. abietinum, foliis omnibus, filiformibus canaliculatis obtu-
siusculis levibus patulis arcuato-incurvis, strobili squamis
marginibus axibusque infra connatis supra distinctis bi-
» lobis.
Protea
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 65
Protea teretifolia. And. Repos. 461. femina et ramulus ad 4.
mas.
Has. In Africa Australi, prope Prom, B. Spei, frequens. (v. s.
in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn.)
*32. L. scabrum, foliis omnibus filiformibus canaliculatis acutis
imbricatis rectiusculis margine scabris pilosisve, strobili
squamis marginibus axibusque infra connatis apicibus di-
stinctis bilobis.
Has. In Africa Australi. (v. s. in Herb. Hibbert.)
ttttt Dubie trilus. Feminis adhucdum incognitis.
33. L. sericeum, foliis lanceolatis sericeis semiunguicularibus,
caule erecto, capitulis sessilibus solitariis aggregatisve turbi-
natis, calycibus masculis longitudinaliter pubescentibus :
tubo gracili inferné stylo cohzrente.
Protea sericea. Linn. Suppl. 118.* fide specim. in ejus Herb.
Protea sericea. Thunb. Diss. n:46.* sed caulis erectus videtur.
Has. In Africa Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei. (v. s. in
Herb. Banks.)
34. L. Globularia foliis lineari-spathulatis glabris aveniis: eallo
obtusissimo ; basi attenuata tortd, capitulis sessilibus depres-
so-globosis: bracteis tomentosis, calycibus masculis pubes-
centibus, stigmate clavato.
Protea globularia. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 236. n. 1232. t. 53.
-f. 2. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 647 ? exclus. syn. Thunbergii.
Desc. Fruticulus erectus ramosissimus, ramis strictis, ultimis
sericeis. Folia sparsa, 8—9Q lineas longa, inferiora ramo-
tum breviora, capitulum subtendentia confertiora. Brac-
voL. x. K tee
66 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussiew.
tee involucrantes capitulo dimidio breviores, ovate, arcté
imbricate. Calyx tubo gracili unguibusque villosis, laminis
glabris. Ovarium nullum. Stylus villosus. Squamule qua-
tuor, lineares, longe, basi styli infra adnate.
*35. L. pubescens, foliis spathulato-linearibis obtusis obliquis :
adultis pubescentibus ; junioribus sericeis, ramis villosis, in-
volucris capitulo globoso sessili brevioribus tomentosis, ca-
lycibus stylisque pubescentibus.
Has. In Africa Australi. Gul. Rocburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb.
Soc. Linn.)
Oxzs. Quam maximé affine preecedenti.
*36, L. ericifolium, foliis acerosis glabris semiunguicularibus,
capitulis corymbosis paucifloris, calycibus tomentosis.
Has. In Africd Australi. Dom. J. Roxburgh. (vy. s. in Herb.
Lambert. et Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutewx erectus, ramosissimus, ramis rubicundis, ramulis
tenuissimé tomentosis. Folia frequentia, erecta, imbricata,
mutica, concaviuscula. Capitula breviter pedunculata, In-
volucro breviore sericeo subtensa. Calyx tubo gracili. Ova-
rium nullum. Stylus glaber. Stigma clavatum. Squamule
null intra calycem.
*37. L. crassifolium, foliis cuneata-obovatis obtusissimis glaber-
rimis crassis aveniis (3-uncialibus) basi attenuatis, capitulis
globosis, bracteis propriis lanatis, calycibus glabris.
Has. In Africd Australi. D. Masson. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.)
Oss. Rami glaberrimi, glauci, crassitie digiti minimi. Folia fre-
quentia, glauca, rigida, sesquiunciam lata, callo subrotando,
acutiusculo,
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 67
acutiusculo, marginibus subsimplicibus per lentem minute
crenulatis, novellis ciliatis. Capitulum magnitudine cerasi
maximi. Calycis Tubus cylindraceus.. Lamine lineares, pla-
niusculz, unguesque recurve. Stylus glaber.. Stigma ob-
longo-clavatum.
An hujus generis ?
*38. L. cartilagineum, foliis ovali-spathulatis obtusissimis : callo
subtruncato : aveniis cartilagineis glaberrimis ; basi attenu-
ata lineari, capitulis globosis subpedunculatis, bracteis caly-
cibusque tomentosis.
Has. In Africa Australi. (v. s. in Herb. Batt Linn. et D. Hib-
bert.)
Desc. Frutea erectus, ramulis tenuissimé tomentosis. Folia
vix uncialia, siccatione venis obsoletis depressis. Capitulum
magnitudine cerasi minoris, pedunculo brevissimo bracteis-
que villosis. Calyx quadrifidus. Stylus glaber. Stigma ob-
longo-clavatum.
An hujus generis ?
3. PETROPHILA.
» Aryuti species. Salish. Parad.
Grn. Cuar. Calyx quadrifidus, totus simul deciduus. Stylus
basi persistenti. Stigma fusiforme, apice attenuato. Squa-
mule nulle hypogynz. Strobilus ovatus. Nuz lenticularis,
hinc comosa, v. Samara basi barbata. , .
Hasirtus. Frutices rigidi. Folia glabra, varia, filiformia v. plana,
indivisa, lobata v. pinnatifida, quandoque in eodem frutice di-
versiformia. Amenta ovata v. oblonga, terminalia et axillaria,
nunc aggregata. Genus, posthac, speciebus increscentibus,
K2 \ dividendum,
68 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
dividendum, phalangibus infra propositis genera futura in-
dicantibus.
Erym. Tlergos et giAcw Hi frutices enim semper in saxosis
apricis proveniunt.
Ozs. Mr. Salisbury has united such of the New Holland Pro-
tex as he had seen, into one genus, which he calls Atylus ;
a name meant to express the want of those bodies that usu-
ally surround the ovarium, in this order,and which he chooses
to term calli: but as I conceive they are certainly secreting
organs, the name on this ground would be exceptionable: my
chief reason however for not adopting it, either for the pre-
sent or the following genus, is, that the whole of his essential
character does not apply to either of them. In his secon-
dary character, he has also considered them as monovicous, a
mistake into which he has probably been led, not only from
the striking similarity between the strobili of Petrophila and
Leucadendron, but also from the style of the former remain-
ing for some time unwithered after the calyx has fallen off.
In one species he has even described the relative situation of
the sexes ; regarding the terminating amentum of P. pulchella
as female, and.the lesser ones, which frequently though not
always surround it, as male; but that this is not the case is
proved by Cavanilles’ figure of the species, in which all the
amenta are in fruit, and a specimen in the same state may
be seen in Sir Joseph Banks’s Herbarium.
} Stigma articulatum, articulo inferiore anguluto, glabro, superiore tomentoso. Nux
lenticulari-compressa, intiis marginibusque comosa. Folia filiformia indivisa.
*1, P. teretifolia, foliis teretibus exsulcis, squamis strobili ener-
yibus, stigmatis articulo superiore stuposo triplo longiore.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 69
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or4 australi, Lewin’s Land. (ubi
Vv. V.)
*2. P. filifolia, foliis teretibus exsulcis, squamis strobili nervosis
orbiculatis, stigmatis articulo superiore barbato vix duplo
longiore.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi, Lewin’s Land; in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v-)
*3. P. acicularis, foliis filiformibus supra obsolete sulcatis, squa-
mis strobili nervosis ovatis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin’s Land; in cam-
pis collibusque sterilibus. (ubi v. v.)
+# Stigma inarticulatum, hispidiusculum. Nux lenticulari-compressa, intis margini-
_ busque comosa. Strobilus squamis distinctis. Folia filiformia bipinnatifida.
*4. P. rigida, foliis triternatis : laciniis divaricatis, calycibus bar-
batis: laminarum apiculis glabris.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi, Lewin’s Land; in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
5. P. pulehella, foliis trifido-bipinnatis: laciniis erectis, calyci-
bus sericeis : laminarum apicibus tomentosis.
Protea pulchella. Schrad. Sert. Hanov. ii. p. i5.* t..7. Willd.
Sp. Pl. 1. p.507. Cavan. Anal. 1. p. 237.* Ic. 6. p. 33. t. 550.
Sims, Bot. Mag. 796.
Protea fucifolia. Salish. Prod. 48.
Protea dichotoma. Cavan. Anal. 1. p.239.* Ic. 6. p.34.* t. 551.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or orientali, prope Port Jackson;
in arenosis inter saxa. (ubi v. v.)
#6. P. fas-
70 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
*0. P. fastigiata, foliis trifido-bipinnatis: laciniis erectis fasti-
giatis teretiusculis muticis, calycibus glabris, strobilis termi-
palit sessilibus : squamis lanatis.
chia In Nove Hollandiz ora australi, Lewin’s Land ; in eri-
cetis aridis elevatioribus. (ubi v. v.)
*7. P. pedunculata, foliis tripinnatifidis: laciniis canaliculatis
divaricato-patulis, calycibus glabriusculis, strobilis pedun-
culatis: squamis glabris.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali, prope Port Jackson ;
in montibus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
ttt Strobilus squamis connatis.. Samara foliacea, dilatata, Stigma inarticulatum,
; hispidiusculum. Folia plana, bipinnatifida.
*§. P. diversifolia, foliis bi- tripinnatifidis planis: Jaciniis mu-
cronatis, calycibus barbatis, strobilis axillaribus peduncu-
latis: squamis lanatis cohzerentibus.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin’s Land ; in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
+ttt Strobilus squamis distinctis. Samara planiuscula. Folia plana, ternatim divisa.
*Q. P. squamata, foliis trifidis: lobis lineari-lanceolatis ; latera-
libus sepids bi--trifidis, strobilis axillaribus sessilibus : squa-
mis apice scariosis glabris.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or4 australi,, Lewin’s Land ; in eri-
cetis collibusque aridis. (ubi v. v.)
*10. P. trifida, foliis trifidis: lobis spathulato-lanceolatis sepis-
simé indivisis, strobilis axillaribus sessilibus : squamis apice
sericeis.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 71
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi, Lewin’s Land; in col-
libus apricis sterilibus. (ubi v. v.)
4, ISOPOGON.
Aryui species. Salish. Parad.
Gen. Cuar. Calyx quadrifidus, tubo gracili, diutits persistente.
Stylus totus deciduus. Stigma fusiforme, v. cylindraceum.
Squame nulle hypogyne. Nu sessilis, ventricosa, undi-
que comosa.
Hasitus. Frutices rigidi. Folia glabra, plana v. filiformia, divi-
sa v. integerrima, Capitula terminalia, raro avillaria. — Flori-
bus modo densissimeé imbricatis strobilo globoso ; modo fastigiatis
receptaculo communi planiusculo subinvolucrato, paleis deciduis
congestis. Genus distinctum, preecedenti proximum, posthac
forsan in duo dividendum, ratione inflorescentiz secundum
quam species infra distribute sunt, in duas crave habitu
parm diversas.
Erym. Icos et royov, ob nuces undique zequaliter barbatas ; qué
nota a Petrophild facile distinguendus.
+ Strobilus globosus ; squamis densissimé imbricutis, tardiis deciduis.
*1. I. teretifolius, foliis bi- v. triternatis filiformibus exsulcis, ra-
mulis tomentosis, calycis tubo sericeo: Jaminis longitudina-
liter barbatis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin’s Land ; in eri-
’ cetis collibusque saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
2. I. anethifolius, foliis pinnatifidis bipinnatifidisque filiformibus
supra suleatis: laciniis erectiusculis, ramis glabris, calycis
tubo pubescente : laminis infra glabris apice barbato.
Protea
72 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Protea anethifolia. Salish. Prod. 48.
Protea acufera. Cavan. Anal. 1. p. 236.* Ic. 6. p. 33.
t. 549.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali, prope Port Jackson ;_
in ericetis. (ubi v. v.)
*3. I. formosus, foliis bipinnatifidis subtriternatis filiformibus su-
pra canaliculatis: Jaciniis divaricatis, ramulis tomentosis,
calycibus glabris: laminis apice pilosiusculis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi, Lewin’s Land ; in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
4. I. anemonifolius, foliis trifido-pinnatifidis bipinnatifidisve: la-
ciniis linearibus planis patenti-erectis subtus levibus, stro-
bili squamis stuposis.
Protea anemonifolia. Salisb. Prod. 48. Sims, Bot. Mag. 697.
And. Repos. 332.
Protea tridactylides. Cavan. Anal. 1. p. 235.* Ic. 6. t. 33.*
t 548.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or4 orientali, prope Port Jackson ;
in ericetis saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*5. I. ceratophyllus, foliis_ trifido-bipinnatifidis : laciniis lineari-
bus planis divaricato-patulis utrinque striatis mucronatis ;
floralibus basi dilatatis, strobili squamis glabratis.
Has. In Novee Hollandiz or& australi, prope Port Phillip. ;
in campis et collibus. (ubi v. v.)
#6, I. trilobus, foliis cuneatis planis trilobis : basi attenuatis peti-
olatis ; lobis integerrimis, ramulis tomentosis.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 75
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi, Lewin’s Land ; in eri-
cetis siccis. (ubi v. vy.)
#7. 1. longifolius, foliis lineari-lingulatis : superioribus integerri-
mis; inferioribus passim trifidis, calycibus sericeis, stigmate
glabro.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin’s Land ; in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
«. th Receptaculum commune planum v» convexiusculum, paleis deciduis.
*8. I. cuneatus, foliis oblongo-cuneatis obtusissimis, involucri
bracteis tomentosis, calycibus glabris, stigmate fusiformi.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin’s Land. D. A.
Menzies. (v.s.in Herb. Banks.)
*9. I. attenuatus, foliis elongato-oblongis mucronulatis basi atte-
nuatis, ramis bracteisque involucrantibus glabris, capitulis
solitariis, calycis laminis apice barbatis, stigmate cylin-
draceo.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin’s Land ; in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*10. I. polycephalus, foliis lineari-oblongis mucronulatis, ramulis
tomentosis, capitulis subaggregatis: bracteis omnibus lana-
tis, stigmate cylindraceo.
Habs. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin’s Land; in col-
libus saxosis. is st v.)
*11.-I. buaifolius, foliis évatts sessilibus acutis: apicibus recurvis,
VOL. x. L ’ caulibus -
74 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
caulibus proliferis, capitulis solitariis foliis obvallatis; brac-
teis subulatis, stigmate fusiformi.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, Lewin’s Land; in eri-
cetis elevatioribus subhumidis. (ubi v. v-)
*12. I. avillaris, foliis cuneato-lingulatis mucronulatis, capitulis
axillaribus paucifoliis; bracteis involucrantibus ovatis im-
bricatis, calyeis laminis longitudinaliter barbatis, stigmate
fusiformi.
Has. In Nove Hollandic ord australi, Lewin’s Land ; in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
5. PROTEA.
Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. i. Class. Plant. Leucadendron. Linn. Gen.
Pl. ed. ii. v. et vi. Proteze sp. Linn. Syst. Veg. xiii. Thunb. Diss.
Juss. Gen. Erodendrum. Salisb. Parad.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx bipartibilis, ineequalis, labii latioris laminis
staminiferis coherentibus. Stylus subulatus. Stigma angus-
tius, cylindraceum. Nur undique barbata, stylo persistenti
caudata. Receptaculum commune, paleis abbreviatis persis-
tentibus. Involucrum imbricatum, persistens.
Hasitvs. Frutices modo proceriores et quanddque arborescentes,
modo subacaules. Folia integerrima. Capitula terminalia, ra-
riusve lateralia: Receptaculo planiusculo, nunc convero, sepis-
simé glabro, paleis quanddque connatis alveolato: Involucro
magno, colorato, turbinato v. hemispherico: Calycis labia latiore
sepe 2—S-aristato.
+ Capitula
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 75
+ Capitula terminalia.
1. P. Cynaroides, foliis subrotundis petiolatis, involucris sericeis ;
bracteis interioribus acutis imberbibus, stylo infra medium
pubescenti.
Scolymocephalos Africana lato rotundo glabro folio, cono max-
imo sericea candido, Herm. Cat. Mt. Raj. Hist. 3 Dendr.
p: 9.
Cinaroides frutex folio subrotundo rigido e Moute Tabulari.
Petiv. Mus. 374. .
Lepidocarpodendron ; folio subrotundo, rigido, in pedunculo
longo, crasso; flore maximo, purpureo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2.
p- 184.* c. tab. bona. ,
Scolymocephalos africanus folio lato rotundo. Weinm. Phyt. 4.
p» 287. t. 892.
Leucadendron foliis subrotundis patentissimis petiolatis, fo-
liolis calycinis carinatis. Wachen. Ultraj. 204.
Leucadendron cinaroides « Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 92. ed. ii.
p. 135. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 319.
Protea cynaroides. Linn. Mant. p. 190.* Syst.Veg. xiii. p. 118.
Thunb. Diss. n. 59.* (exclus. syn. Lepidocarpodendron, &c.
Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 199. c. tab.) Thunb. Prod. 28. Lam.
Iliust. Gen. 1. p, 234. n. 1209. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 534. And.
Repos. 288. bona. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 639. Sims,
Bot. Mag. 770.
Has. In Africa Australi, ad latera montium prope Promont.
B. Spei. (v. v. in Hort. var.)
*2. P. latifolia, foliis late-ovatis semicordatis sessilibus, invohu-
cro sericeo-tomentoso ; bracteis interioribus augustatis apice
dilatato barbato, calyce tomentoso: aristis hirsutis longitu-
dine laminarum, stylo pubescenti.
L2 Hae.
76 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Has. In Africd Australi. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. in arenosis
Zwartberg. D. Niven. (vy. s.in Herb. Hibbert. et Lambert.)
Desc. Fruter 6—8 pedes altus. Rami tenuissimé tomentosi.
Folia obtusissima, callo nullo prominulo, marginata, venosa,
38—4 uncias longa, 2—3 uncias lata, adulta glabra margi-
nibus quanddque lanatis. Involucrum folia superiora su-
perans, turbinatum, pugno majus: Bracteis obtusis, ciliatis ;
exterioribus laté ovatis ; mediis oblongis ; intimis elongatis,
ungue lineari, lamina oblonga. Calyx fere triuncialis, seri-
ceo-tomentosus, labio latiore triaristato, aristis hirsutis, vil-
lis patulis terminalibus przesertim purpureis. Stylus anou-
lato-compressus, pube brevi adpressa subsericeus, apice gla-
bro, curvato. Stigma subulatum, apice obtusiusculo.
*3. P. compacta, foliis oblongo-ovatis cordatis marginatis: callo
apicis prominulo, involucro sericeo-tomentoso ciliato imber-
bi, calycis aristis longitudine laminarum, stylo glabro apice
curvato, stigmatis apice conico-incrassato.
Has. In Africe Australis montosis, Hout Hoek. D. Masson.
(v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
4. P. longiflora, foliis ovato-oblongis sessilibus basi subcordatis
simplicibusve, ramis tomentosis, involucro sericeo ; bracteis
intimis elongatis sericeo-ciliatis, calycis aristis brevissimis,
stylo glabro involucro longiore.
Conocarpodendron; folio subrotundo, crasso, rigido, valdé ner-
voso ; cono longo, variegato, ex rubro et flavo ; flore aureo.
Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 199. c. tab. bona respectu capituli,
foliis vix convenientibus et potits ad P. compactam v. latifo-
ham pertinentibus: strobilo nucibus et flosculo ad calcem
tabule jamjam ad Leucadendron retusum relatis.
Scolymo-
)
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 77
Scolymocephalus foliis subrotundis glabris. Weinm. Phyt. 4.
p- 294. tab. 902. b. a Boerh. icone mutuata omisso tamen
strobilo.
Leucadendron, foliis subsessilibus cordato-ovatis imbricatis
glabris. Wachend. Ultraj. 204. charactere ab icone Boerh. de-
sumpto.
Protea longiflora. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1211. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 640.*
Protea lacticolor. Salish. Parad. 27.
Protea ochroleuca. Smith. Exot. Bot. 2. p. 43. t. 81.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus, prope Prom. B. Spei.
(v. v- in Hort. Reg. Kew.)
*5. P. coccinea, foliis obovatis obtusissimis sessilibus venosis ra-
misque glabris, involucri bracteis interioribus spathulatis
apice barbatis, stylo glabro, calycis aristis feré longitudine
Jaminarum : margine pilosis ; apice imberbibus.
Has. In Afric Australis montibus, prope Promont. B. Spei,
Devil’s Head: solo fertiliori. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Hib-
bert.) .
Desc. Frutex 4—5 pedes altus. Rami crassitie digiti. Folia
levia, glauca, per lentem punctis minutissimis depressiuscu-
lis conspersa; dum 4 uncias longa, 2—3 uncias lata; supe-
riora. basi. quanddque semicordata; summa capitulum x-
quantia. Involucrum sessile, solitarium, turbinatum, 4—5-
unciale, bracteis extis demum glabriuseulis ; interiorum
barba marginali, copios4, longa, persistenti. Calyz inclusus,
22 uncias longus; Unguibus hirsutis; Laminis dorso. glabris,
margine pilosis; Aristis vix longitudine laminarum. Stylus
compressus. Stigma subulatum; inde exsulcum a stylo abs-
que manifesta curvatura continuum.
6. P. spe-
78 Mr. Brown, ov the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
6. P. speciosa, foliis obovato-oblongis basi angustatis ramisque
glabris, involucri bracteis omnibus sericeis: interioribus
apice subdilatatis mediisque barbatis, stylo pubescenti, ari-
stis calycis apice lanatis.
Scolymocephalus Africana foliis longis glabris, cono sericeo ;
squamis rubiginea villosa cristé ornatis. Herm. Cat. Mt. Raj.
Hist. 8. Dendr. p.9.
Lepidocarpodendron ; folio oblongo, viridi, limbo rubro or-
nato; squamarum apice, et margine, lanuginosis. Boerh.
Tugd. Bat. 2. p. 185. c. tab.
Scolymocephalus foliis Jongis, seu Tulipifer latifolius. Weinm.
Phyt. 4. p. 288. t. 893, a. bona.
Scolymocephalus Africanus foliis angustis villosis. Weim. Phyt.
4. p. 289. t. 894?
Bruckm. Epist. Itin. 2. p. 8.t. 3. capitulum.
Leucadendron speciosum. Linn. Mant. p. 36.* excl. syn.
Clusii.
Protea speciosa. Linn. Mant. p. 191.
Protea Lepidocarpodendron 6. Linn. Syst. Veg. xiii. p. 118.
Protea barbata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 236. n. 1228.
Protea speciosa latifolia. And. Repos. 110. forté huc_pertinet
monente D, Bellenden Ker; at pessima figura.
Protea speciosa. Sims, Bot. Magaz. 1183.
Has. In Afric Australis montibus, prope Prom. B. Spei.
_ (vy. v. in Monte Tabulari.)
*7. P. macrophylla, foliis elongato-oblongis marginatis venosis
glabris basi subattenuatis, involucri bracteis omnibus to-
mentosis; intimis lingulatis imberbibus, calycis aristis hir-
sutis, stylo exsulco infra medium pubescente: apice cur-
yato.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussiew. 79
Has. In Africa Australi, ad latera Montium Attaquas Kloof.
D. Niwen. (v.s. in Herb, Hibbert.)
Desc. Fruter validus, 8—10 pedes altus. (Niven.) Rami glabri
apice tomento brevissimo quasi rore canescenti obducti.
Folia basi pardm attenuata torta ; superiora longiora, invo-
lucrum longé superantia, spithamea, ultra pollicem lata.
Involucrum bracteis omnibus obtusis incanis ; extimis ovatis ;
mediis oblongis ; intimis apice haud dilatato. Calyx invo.
lucro parim longior; unguibus laminisque tomento albo
villisque concoloribus patulis: Aristis longitudine lamina-
rum, tomento albo villisque longis, patulis, nigro-purpureis,
terminalibus subcrispatis.
8. P. formosa, foliis angusto-oblongis venosis obliquis: basi sim-
plici; marginibus ramisque tomentosis, involucri bracteis
ciliatis ; intimis lingulatis imberbibus, calycibus aristisque
tomentosis, stylo glabro apice curvato, stigmate apice in-
crassato.
Protea coronata. And. Repos. 469.
Erodendrum formosum. Salisb. Parad. 76.
Has. In Africa Australi. D. Masson. (v. s. in Herb. D. Aiton,
e Hort. Reg. Kew.)
Oxs. Affinitate proxima P. compacte, foliis presertim di-
versa.
9. P. melaleuca, foliis lineari-lingulatis marginatis ciliatis, ramis.
pilosiusculis, involucris elongato-turbinatis : bracteis albo-
ciliatis ; exterioribus squarrosis ; interioribus conniventibus
spathulatis dorso nigro-tomentosis.
Lepidocarpodendron ; folio saligno, viridi; nervo et margine
flavo ;
80 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacce of Jussieu.
flavo ; cono longo, superiore parte maximé clauso. Boerh.
Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 189.* c. tab. ?
Scolymocephalus seu Lepidocarpodendron frutice conifero.
Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 291. t. 898? diversa tamen bracteis in-
timis viridibus fortt e descriptione in Cod. Witsen. pictis.
Protea coronata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p 236. n. 1227? exclus.
syn. priore Boerhaavii. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p.645? desc.
conveniente.
Protea speciosa nigra. And. Repos. 103.
Protea Lepidocarpon. Ker in Bot. Mag. 674.
Has. In Africé Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei.
Oss. Species, ex figuris recentioribus huc citatis, nec none
pulcherrima inedité D. Franc. Bauer, qu omnes inter se
exacté conveniunt, distincta videtur, at quoniam specimina
his respondentia nondum vidi, haud sine hesitatione a se-
quente separavi.
10. P. Lepidocarpon, foliis lineari-lingulatis marginatis scabrius-
culis nitentibus ramisque glabris, involucri bracteis interio-
ribus spathulatis dorso marginibusque nigro-barbatis, calycis
aristis intus pennatis, stylo pubescenti.
Scolymocephalus Africana, foliis longis glabris, cono variegato
resinifero. Herm. Cat. Mt.
Scolymocephalus Africana, cono variegato resinifero. Raj.
Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 9.
Lepidocarpodendron ; foliis angustis, longioribus, salignis ;
calycis squamis elegantissimé ex flavo fusco albo nigro va-
riegatis ; florum plumulis atro-purpureis. Boerh. Lugd. Bat.
2. p. 188. c. tab.
Scolymocephalus Africana, foliis longis, cono variegato. Weinm.
Phyt. 4. p. 289. t. 895.
Protea
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu 81
Protea foliis lanceolatis integerrimis glabris calycinis superne
villosis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 186.
Leucadendron Lepidocarpodendron «. Linn, Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 91.
ed. ii. p. 184. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 322.
Protea Lepidocarpodendron. Linn. Mant. 190.* desc. opt. nullo
tamen specimine in Herb.
Protea Lepidocarpodendron «. Linn. Syst. Veg. xiii. p. 118.
Protea speciosa. Thunb. Diss. n. 53.* Prod. 27. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1.
p- 531.
Protea cristata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1226. Poiret. En-
cyc. Botan. 5. p. 644. exclus. syn. Roy. Linn. et Andr.
Protea grandiflora var. foliis undulatis. And. Repos. 301 ?
Has. In Africe Australis montibus, prope Prom. B. Spei.
(v. v- in Monte Tabul.)
*11. P. neriifolia, foliis lineari-lingulatis levibus opacis margine
subsimplicibus basi extls ramisque tomentosis, involucri
bracteis interioribus apice partm latioribus dorso argenteo-
sericeo margine nigro-barbato, calycis aristis laminas supe-
rantibus intus pennatis, stylo pubescenti.
Cardui generis elegantissimi cujusdam caput. Clus. Exot. 38.*
Sig. xv.
Has. In Africé Australi, ad radices montium prope Prom.
B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Oxs. I. Quam maximé affinis P. Lepidocarpo, at distincta vi-
detur.
Ons. II. Synonymon Clusii huc retuli ob descriptionem optimé
convenientem.
12. P. pulchella, foliis lineari-lingulatis marginatis nitentibus sca-
VOL, x. M briusculis,
82 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
briusculis, ramis partim tomentosis, involucri bracteis inte-
rioribus apice lanceolato-dilatato sericeo marginibus nigro
barbatis, calycis aristis vix longitudine laminarum, stylo pu-
bescenti.
Protea pulchella. And. Repos. 270. bona quoad capitulum, sed
folia opaca margine ciliata.
Protea speciosa var. foliis glabris. And. Repos. 277. optima re-
spectu capituli et foliorum nitore que autem margine conco-
lori diversa.
Protea pulchella var. speciosa. And. Repos. 442. differt fi-
gura bractearum interiorum aristisque calycis lamina lon-
gioribus.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus, prope Stellenboch. Gul.
Rovburgh M. D. (v.s. in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn.)
13. P. patens, foliis angusto-oblongis subundulatis marginatis
basi subattenuatis, ramisque villosis procumbentibus, invo-
lucro hemisphzrico : bractcis sericeis ; interiorum barba ni-
gro-purpurea, stylo infra pubescenti, calycis aristis longitu-
dine laminarum.
Protea speciosa patens. And. Repos. 543.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus saxosis, prope Wilde
River. D. Niven. (v.s. in Herb. Hibbert.)
Desc. Frutev procumbens. (Niven.) Rami tomentosi et villis
patulis brevibus incani, Folia secunda, frequentia, obtu-
siuscula, venosa, 4—5 uncias longa, 7—-9 lineas lata. In-
~volucrum sessile, magnitudine pugni minoris: Bracteis ob-
tusis, albo-sericeis, concaviusculis, interioribus nec dilatatis
nec angustatis mediisque barbé nigro-purpured instructis.
Calyx sesquiuncialis albo-lanatus, aristis apice purpureis.
Stylus
\
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 85
Stylus basi compress tomentosd suprd subulatus et infra
medium pube rard, supra giaber, apice curvato. Stigma
acutiusculum.
*14, P. incompta, foliis lingulato-oblongis: summis ramisque
hirsutis, involucri bracteis interioribus apice orbiculato-di-
latato margine barbato, calycis lanati aristis longitudine la~
minarum, stylo glabro apice simplici.
Protea foliis lanceolatis integerrimis glabris calycem succin-
gentibus hirsutis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 186? exclus. syn. Boerh.
t. 189.
Has. In Africa Australi. Oldenburgh: prope Wynberg. Gul.
Roaburgh M.D. (v.s. sub eodem nomine in Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Fruter erectus. Rami hirsutissimi villis longis patulis.
Folia frequentia, modicé patentia, 4 uncias longa, 1 unciam
lata, venosa, basi obtusa, marginibus simplicibus ; callo
apicis acuto, recurvo; inferiora glabra ; summa angustiora,
capitulum pauld superantia. Involucrum turbinatum, 4 un-
cias longum, bracteis tomentosis; exterioribus mediisque
oblongis, imberbibus; interioribus barbé marginali, alba.
Calyx lana alba, implexa.
15. P. longifolia, foliis elongato-linearibus basi attenuata, invo-
lucri turbinati bracteis glabris acutis imberbibus, calycis
aristis lamina longioribus, stylo pubescenti apice curvato.
Lepidocarpodendron ; foliis angustis, longis, salignis nervo
rubro; florum plumis violaceo-purpureis. Boerh. Lugd. Bat.
2. p. 186.* c. tab.
Protea longifolia nigra. And. Repos. 132.
Protea longifolia var. cono turbinato.. And. Repos. 144.
Protea longifolia ferruginoso-purpurea. And. Repos. 133.
m2 Protea
84 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Protea Lepidocarpodendron. Herb.’ Linn.
Has. In Africd Australi, prope Prom. B. Spei. Oldenburgh.
(v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
16. P. mellifera, foliis lanceolato-lingulatis basi attenuatis, in-
volucro turbinato: bracteis glabriusculis imberbibus viscidis,
aristis calycis albo-lanatis longitudine laminarum, stylo gla-
_ bro: apice simplici.
Scolymocephalus Africana, foliis longis acutioribus hirsutis,
cono mellifero. Herm. Cat. Mt.
Conifera Alypi folio seminibus pennatis, pluribus in medio coni
conglomeratis, et non inter squamas aliorum conorum more
nascentibus ! Sloane in Philos. Trans. 17. p. 666.* c. tab.
Scolymocephalus Africana, foliis angustis villosis, cono melli-
fero. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 9.
Lepidocarpodendron ; foliis angustis, brevioribus, salignis ; ca-
lycis squamis elegantissimé ex roseo aureo albo atro-rubro
variegatis ; florum plumis albis. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 187.
c. tab. ;
Scolymocephalus seu Lepidocarpodendron folio saligno. Weinm.
Phyt. 4. p. 289. t. 896.
Protea caule multifloro calycibus oblongis foliis lanceolatis in-
tegerrimis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 185.
Leucadendron repens « Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 91. ed. il. p. 135.
Leucadendron repens. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 322.
Protea repens, Linn. Mant. 189.* Syst. Veg. xii. p. 118.
Protea mellifera. Thunb. Diss. n. 37.* Prod. 26. Lam. Iilust.
Gen. 1. p. 236. n. 1229. Salish. Prod. 49. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1.
p. 522. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 646. Curt. Mag. 346.
Wend. Hort. Herenh.13.
Has. In Africe Australis collibus et campis, prope Prom.
B. Spei,
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 85
B. Spei, gregatim quandoque crescens. (v. v. prope Con-
stantiam.)
17. P. grandiflora, foliis oblongis sessilibus ramisque glabris, in-
volucro hemisphzerico imberbi nudiusculo, calyce tomento-
so; unguibus dorso glabriusculis; aristis brevissimis, stylo
glabro.
Scolymocephalus foliis oblongis glabris crassioribus latioribus.
Herm. Cat. Mt.
Lepidocarpodendron ; folio saligno lato; caule purpurascente.
Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 183.* c. tab.
Scolymocephalos foliis oblongis. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 28. t. 891.
Protea foliis lanceolatis integerrimis flore patente glabro stylis
longissimis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 186.
Protea cinaroides 6. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 92. ed. ii. p. 136.
Protea grandiflora. Thunb. Diss. n. 51.* Prod. 27. Willd. Sp.
Pl. 1. p. 530. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1210? Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 640?
£. Protea marginata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1225.
Has. In Africe Australis collibus et montibus, frequens. (v.v.
in Monte Tabulari.)
Oxs. Variat involucro penitis glabro bracteisque exterioribus
albo-tomentosis. Folia quandoque lineari-oblonga et tunc
ab icone P. abyssinice haud distinguenda.
18. P. Abyssinica, foliis lanceolato-lingulatis obtusiusculis basi
subangustata, involucro hemispherico : bracteis obtusis im-
berbibus, calyce tomentoso ; aristis brevissimis, receptaculo
villoso? caule arborescenti.
Gaguedi. Bruce Abyss. 5. p. 52. c. tab. duab.
Protea
86 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Protea abyssinica. MVilld. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 522.
Has. In Abyssinid, Lamalmon. Bruce /. c.
19. P. Scolymus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis submucronatis
basi attenuatis, involucro hemisphzrico ; bracteis glabris
obtusis, calycibus muticis, receptaculo villoso, caule ramo-
so multifloro.
Thymelza capitata rapunculoides zthiopica saligneis foliis pe-
rianthio magno conformi squamoso. Pluk. Mant. 181. t. 440.
f. 1. mala.
Scolymocephalus fruticis Athiopici coniferi Breynii foliis ; ca-
pite majore squamato. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 10.
Lepidocarpodendron ; acaulon; ramis numerosis e terra ex-
crescens, calyce floris immaturo extis ex rubro et flavo va-
riegato intis flavo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 192. c. tab.
Scolymocephalus foliis angustis longis. Weim. Phyt. 4. p. 288.
t. 893. f. b.
Leucadendron Scolymocephalum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 92.
ed. il. p. 135. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 323.
Protea Scolymus. Thunb. Diss. n. 36.* Prod. 26. Lam. Illust.
Gen. 1. p. 236. n. 1931. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 522. Poiret. En-
cyc. Botan. 5. p. 647. And. Repos. 409. Wend. Sert. Hanov.
t. 20. Sims, Bot. Mag. 698.
Protea angustifolia. Salisb. Prod. 49.
Has. In Afric Australis ericetis elevatioribus, prope Prom.
B. Spei. (v. v. in Hort. Angl.)
20. P. mucronifolia, foliis lanceolato-linearibus mucronatis pun-
gentibus basi obtusa, bracteis involucri lanceolatis mucro-
natis glabris, caule erecto multifloro.
Protea
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 87
Protea mucronifolia. Salisb. Parad. 24. Sims, Bot. Mag. 933.
And, Repos. 500.
Protea odoratissima. Masson. in Herb. Ait.
Has. In Africa Australi. Masson. -In arenosis prope Berg.
~ River. Niven. (v. v. in Hort. Hibbert.)
21. P. nana, foliis subulatis mucronatis, involucris nutantibus
hemispheericis ; bracteis glabris obtusis.
Thymelza ethiopica abietiformis floribus phoeniceis. Pluk.
Mant. 180.
Leucadendron nanum. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 325.* Berg.
Cap. 22.* exclus. syn. Petiv. ad feminam Aulacis pinifoliz
jam citato.
Protea rosacea. Linn. Mant. p. 189.* Syst. Veg. xiii. p. 118.
Protea nana. Thunb. Diss. n. 29.* Prod. 26. Hort. Kew. 3.
p. 484. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 519.
Protea rosacea. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 238. n. 1251. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 653. Smith, Exot, Bot. 1. p. 85. t. 44.
Protea acuifolia. Salish. Parad. 2.
Has. In Afric Australis montosis; prope Roode Zant Cas-
cade. (v.s.in Herb. Linn. a Bergio.)
Oxs. Nomen Cel. Bergii utpoté primum, nec ineptum et a
Thunbergio, Dryandro et Willdenovio receptum, pretuli.
*22. P. pendula, foliis lineari-lanceolatis mucronulatis : termina-
libus ramorum floriferorum recurvorum reclinatis, bracteis
involucri obtusis demim glabriusculis.
~ Has. In Africa Australi. Masson. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami teretes, glabri; ultimi tenuissimé
tomentosi: floriieri supra medium recurvi. Folia sparsa,
passim
88 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
passim subopposita, frequentia, modicé patentia; extra me-
dium parim latiora, obtusa, mucronulo patenti, marginibus
subrecurvis, glauca, compacta, adulta glaberrima, sesquiun-
ciam longa. Jnvolucra pendula, solitaria, hemispherica,
magnitudine Pruni: Bracteis arcté imbricatis, imberbibus
exuta pube tenuissimaé sericea demtm glabriusculis ; interi-
oribus sensim longioribus. Ca/lyces inclusi, submutici, lami-
nis barbatis. Stylus glaber, vix uncialis, apice simplici.
23. P. tenax, foliis lineari-lanceolatis planis: basi attenuatis ;
margine scabriusculis, ramis decumbentibus, involucro he-
mispherico sericeo obtuso, calycis (uncialis) unguibus gla-
briusculis: aristis lanatis lamina dimidio-brevioribus.
Erodendrum tenax. Salish. Parad. 70.
Has. In Africwe Australis, depressis, Lange Kloof. D. Niven.
(v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex diffusus. Rami glabri vy. hirsuti. Folia 4—6
uncias longa, 4—6 lineas lata, acuta, uninervia, venis ob-
soletis, minute punctulata, scabriuscula; ramorum subse-
cunda. Involucrwn bracteis concavis, tenuissimé ciliatis,
exterioribus ovatis ; interioribus oblongis. Calyx unguibus
supra pilosiusculis ; laminis dorso nudiusculis. Stylus glaber,
apice sinplici.
24. P. canaliculata, foliis linearibus aveniis levibus : supra con-
caviusculis ; ramisque glabris decumbentibus, involucro ob-
tuso: bracteis interioribus subsericeis, calycis unguibus gla-
bris: aristis penicillatis lamina dimidio brevioribus.
Protea canaliculata. And. Repos. 437.
Has. In Africe Australis depressis arenosis, Lange Kloof.
D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Lambert.)
DEsc.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaccee of Jussieu. a)
Desc. Frutex subdecumbens. (Niven.) Folia frequentia, 4—6
uncias longa, vix duas lineas lata, acuta. Involucrum mag-
nitudine pruni, Bracteis concavis ; exterioribus glabratis >
interioribus brevissimé ciliatis. Calyx uncialis, unguibus
laminisque glabris : Aristis albo-barbatis. Stylus glaber apice
simplici.
25. P. acaulis, caulibus abbreviatis ramis depressis, foliis ob-
ovato-oblongis marginatis venosis basi attenuatis, involucris
hemisphericis inclinatis ; bracteis obtusis glabris, calycibus
muticis.
Scolymocephalus Africana foliis oblongis glabris humilis et
procumbens. Herm. Cat. 19.
Scolymocephalus Africanus Lauri folio humilis et procumbens.
~ Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 9.
Lepidocarpodendron ; acaulon; foliis paucis, latis, nervo et
_ marginibus rubris ornatis ; fructu parvo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat,
2. p. 191.* c. tab.
Scoly mocephalus s. Lepidocarpodendron acaulon. Weinm. Phyt.
4. p. 291. f. 898. b. bona.
Protea caule unifloro foliis lanceolatis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 186.
Leucadendron acaulon. Wachend. Ultraj. 204. Linn. Sp. Pl.
ed. i. p. 92. ed. ii. p. 135.* Syst. Nat. xii. t. 2. p. 110. omissa
in Mant. et Syst. Veg. xiii.
Protea acaulis. Thunb. Diss. n. 49.* Prod. 27. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1.
p- 529. rays
Protea nana. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 283. n. 1208. Poiret. En-
cyc. Botan. 5. p. 639.
Protea glaucophylla. Salisb, Parad. 11.
Has. In Afric Australis collibus, prope Promont. B, Spei.
(v. v.juxta Simons Bay.) ;
a N *26. P. elon-
90 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
*26. P. elongata, caulibus nanis, foliis elongato-lanceolatis (pe-
dalibus) planis marginatis venosis levibus ; basi valdé atte-
nuata lineari, involucro hemispherico inclinato; bracteis
glabris obtusis, calycibus brevissimé aristatis.
Has. In Afric Australis humidis elevatioribus. Roode Zant
Cascade. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Hibbert.)
Oxzs. Nimis aftinis P. acauli.
*27. P. angustata, caulibus nanis, foliis lanceolato-linearibus
planis, marginatis venosis levibus, involucro hemisphzrico
inclinato: bracteis glabris obtusis, calycibus muticis: un-
guibus extis glabris margine lanatis.
Hap. In Africe Australis montosis solo fertiliori; Hout Hoek.
D. Niven. (vy. s. in Herb. Hibbert.)
Oxzs. An species distincta a P. acaule ?
*28. P. revoluta, caulibus nanis, foliis canaliculato-semiteretibus
levibus, involucro hemispherico inclinato: bracteis glabris
obtusis, calycibus muticis: unguibus extts glabris margine
lanatis.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus aridis. D. Niven. (v. s. in
Herb. Hibbert.) ,
Desc. Fruteav humilis, basi divisus. Rami adscendentes, gla-
bri, vix longitudine foliorum. Folia 6—9 uncias longa, acu-
ta, impunctata, marginibus recurvis, simplicibus, canalicu-
lata, infra medium teretiuscula parimque attenuata. Invo-
lucrum brevissimé pedunculatum magnitudine pruni mino-
ris. Calycis lamine sericee. Stylus glaber, apice simplicis
*29, P. tenuifolia, caulibus nanis, foliis canaliculato-semiteretibus
scabris,,
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussiet. ol
scabris, involucro hemispherico: bracteis tomentosis, caly-
cis unguibus laminisque hirsutis : aristis brevissimis.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus sterilibus. D. Niven. (v. s.
in Herb. Hibbert.)
Desc. Folia numerosa, punctis elevatis utrinque scabra, mar-
ginibus revolutis canaliculata, basi planiuscula, spithamea v.
dodrantalia. Involucrum erectum, sessile, magnitudine po-
mi minoris, tomento ferrugineo tardiis deciduo. Calyx ses-
quiuncialis laminarum villis brevioribus, aristis (mucronibus
potids) duabus lamina quadruplo brevioribus. Stylus glaber,
apice simplici.
*30. P. levis, caulibus nanis decumbentibus, foliis elongato-
linearibus lzvibus aveniis marginibus recurvis, involucro
hemispherico: bracteis obtusis subsericeis, calycibus sub-
uncialibus muticis.
Has. In Africé Australi. D. Masson. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Caulis brevissimus, decumbens (Masson.) glaber. Folia
secunda, glauca, spithamea, acuta, marginibus levibus non
incrassatis, basi attenuata plana. Involucrum sessile, erec-
tum, magnitudine pomi minoris ; Bracteis primim subseri-
ceis, demim glabriusculis, marginibus brevissimé ciliatis.
Calyx unguibus extis glabriusculis, margine lanatis ; Laminis
villosis.
*31. P. scabra, caulibus nanis, foliis elongato-linearibus scabris
obsoleté venosis, margine subrecurvis, involucro turbinato-
hemispherico: bracteis obtusis tomentosis, unguibus calycis
hirsutis: aristis lamind dimidio brevioribus.
Has. In Africa Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei. Guk Row-
burgh M. D. (v.s.in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
n2 Desc.
92 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Desc. Caulis semisepultus, divisus, ramis adscendentibus, folio
brevioribus. Folia conferta, erecta, spithamea, vix pedalia,.
53—4 lineas lata, apice acuto sphacelato, uninervia, obsolet
venosa, utrinque tuberculis pustuliformibus scabra, aliisque
minutissimis conspersa, basi attenuatd petioliformi levi.
Involucrum sessile, erectum, magnitudine pomi minoris ;
Bracteis tomento ferrugineo demum subdeciduo. Calyx vix
semuncialis ; laminis hirsutis ; aristis villis flexuosis cinereis
ferrugineisve. ;
Ozs. In Herbario D. Hibbert plantam vidi Foliis planis
elongato-lanceolatis ; Involucris turbinatis ; Calycibus albo-
lanatis aristarum lana longiore magisque implexa ; Stylo bi-
uncial, vix arcuato: an distincta species ?
32. P. repens, caulibus nanis, foliis elongato-linearibus scabri-
usculis margine revolutis, involucro turbinato: bracteis ob-
tusis tomentosis: interioribus margine lanatis, calycibus bi-
uncialibus ; unguibus hirsutis; aristis lamina brevioribus,
stylo apice simplici.
Lepidocarpodendron; foliis longissimis, angustissimis, fructum
elegantissimé ex rubro flavo et albo variegatum instar coronse
suceingentibus ;.radice repente. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p.190*.
c. tab.
Scolymocephalus s. Lepidocarpodendron foliis longissimis.
Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 290. t. 897. a.
Protea caule unifloro calyce oblongo foliis linearibus longissi-
mis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 185.
Leucadendron, foliis longissimis obtusé trigonis longitudine
florem superantibus. Wachend. Ultra. 204.
Leucadendron repens £. Linn, Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 92. ed. i.
p. 135.
Protea
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 93
Protea repens. Thunb. Diss. n. 38.* Prod. 26. Lam. Illust. 1.
p- 236. n. 1230. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 523. Poiret. Encyc. Bo-
tan. 5. p. 646.
Has. In Africe Australis campis arenosis prope Prom. B.
Spei. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Oss. Varietas? foliis vix punctatis, sesquipedalibus..
*33. P. lorea, caulibus nanis, foliis teretibus elongatis leevibus,
involucro turbinato sub-pedunculato: bracteis acutiusculis
sericeis, calycis unguibus extis glabris: aristis lamina bre-
vioribus, stylo apice curvato.
Has. In Africd Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei. D. Masson.
(v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
’ Desc. Caulis brevissimus,semisepultus. Folia numerosa, pe-
dalia, crassitie fili ligaterii. Involucrum pedunculo brevi
squamis arcté imbricatis tecto: Bracteis exterioribus ovatis
acutiusculis, interioribus oblongo-linearibus. Calyx Ungui-
-bus Laminisque extis Aristis undique lana breyi densa alba
erispata. Stylus glaber.
34. P. turbiniflora, caulibus nanis, foliis elongato-lanceolatis mar-
ginatis subundulatis levibus, involucro subturbinato : brac-
teis tomentosis obtusis, calycis aristis longitudine laminarum:
lana apicis longiore crispa.
Erodendrum turbiniflorum. Salisb. Parad. 108.
Protea cwspitosa. And. Repos. 526.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus ; in humidis solo fertiliori.
D, Niven. (v. s. in. Herb. Hibbert.)
Desc. Caules. czspitosi, abbreviati, divisi, erecti. Folia uni-
nervia, venosa, juniora villosa, adulta glabra, nitida, minu-
tissime Pace, acutissima, basi valde attenuata petioli-
sae formi;,
94 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
formi, spithamea, vix pedalia, unciam circiter lata; extima
ramorum nana, biuncialia, basi vix attenuata, membranacea,
subscariosa. Involucrum sessile, vix biunciale: Bractets sub-
incanis, ciliatis, interioribus apice lanatis. Calyx unguibus
laminisque lanatis: Aristis curvatis, albo-lanatis, land ter-
minali fulva&. Stylus glaber, apice levissimé curvato.
*35. P. Scolopendrium, caulibus nanis, foliis elongato-lanceolatis
marginatis levibus, involucro turbinato: bracteis lanceola-
tis acuminatis apice tomentosis, aristis calycis lamina di-
midio brevioribus.
Has. In Africd Australi, Wintershoek. D. Joh. Roxburgh.
(v. s. in Herb. Lambert.)
Desc. Caulis foliis aliquoties brevior. Folia pedalia, sesqui-
unciam vix duas uncias lata, costa subtis eminente, venis
ramosis minutissimé punctata, basi valde attenuata. Invo-
lucra subsessilia, solitaria v. bina, quandoque tres uncias
longa: Bractets interioribus apice tomento persistente cine-
reis. Calyx lanatus. Stylus glaber, infra medium dilatatus.
Ovarii barba alba.
tt Flores laterales.
36. P. cordata, floribus lateralibus, foliis cordatis subrotundis
nervosis, bracteis involucri glabris.
Protea cordata. Thunb. Diss. n.60.* tab. 5. bona. Prod. 28.
Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 233. n. 1207. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 534.
Poiret. Encyc. Botan, 5. p. 639. And. Repos. 289.
Protea cordifolia. Sims, Bot. Mag. 649.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus, Hottentots Holland et
prope Fluvium Zonder End. Thunb. loc. (v.s. in Herb.
Banks.)
37. P. am-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 95
37. P. amplevicaulis, floribus lateralibus, foliis cordatis ovatis
amplexicaulibus divaricatis apice recurvis, bracteis inyolu-
cri pubescentibus.
Erodendrum amplexicaule. Salisb. Parad. 67.
Protea repens. And. Repos. 453.
Has. In Africa Australi. D. Masson. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
38. P. humilis, floribus lateralibus, foliis linearibus acutis, (biun-
cialibus,) receptaculo conico: paleis acutis.
Protea humiflora. And. Repos. 532.
Has. In Africa Australi. D. Masson. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Caulis nanus. Rami glabri. Folia plana, fere 3 uncias
longa. Involucra hemispherica, bracteis obtusis, interiori-
bus apice pube adpressa ferrugined,
*39. P. acerosa, floribus lateralibus, foliis subulatis, receptaculo
convexiusculo: paleis obtusis.
Has. In Africd Australi. D. Masson. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Caulis brevis. Rami erecti, glabri. Folia levia. In-
volucra ramea, subaggregata, breviter pedunculata; Brac-
teis obtusis, interioribus pube diutids persistenti subsericeis.
Calyx muticus, apice barbato. Receptuculi palee connate.
Squamule hypogyne subulate.
Oxs. Varietas? Foliis longioribus (sesquiuncialibus) semitere-
tibus in Herbario et Hort. D. Hibbert vidi, que secundum D.
Niven. 3—4 pedes altain montosis solo fertiliori prope Zon-
der End. lecta. Heec Protea virgata. And. Repos. 577.
6. LEUCOSPERMUM.
Levcaprenprum. Salisb. Parad. Protez sect. 3. Linn. Mant.
ConocarPopENpRa (spuria 196 et 198). Boerh. Lugd.
Cuar.
96 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
Cuan. Gen. Calye irregularis, labiatus, unguibus tribus (rard om-
nibus) coherentibus, laminis staminiferis distinctis. Stylus
filiformis, deciduus. Stigma incrassatum, glabrum (nunc ine-
quilaterale). Nuzx ventricosa, sessilis, levis. Capitulum inde-
finité multiflorum ; Involucro polyphyllo imbricato.
Hanirtvs. Frutices sepe humiles, quandoque arborescentes, plerique
tomentosi v. hirsuti. Folia integra v. apice calloso-dentata.
Capitula terminalia; Floribus flavis, modo imbricatis bracteis di-
stinguentibus persistentibus induratis ; modo fastigiatis recep-
taculo planiusculo, paleis angustis, non mutatis, subdeciduis.
+ Capitulum amentaceum ; Bracteis propriis persistentibus subinduratis.
1. L. lineare, stylo calycem hirsutum superante, stigmate hinc
gibboso, involucro tomentoso, follis linearibus integris ; cal-
lo apicis subbarbato, ramis glabris.
Protea linearis. Thunb. Diss. n. 35.* tab. 4. pedunculo insolité
elongato stylisque apice nimis arcuatis. Thunb. Prod. 26.
Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 237. n. 1241. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 521.
Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 650.
Has. In Africe Australis arenosis. Paarl, Drakenstein, Stel-
lenboch. (v. s.in Herb. Banks. Lambert. Soc. Linn.)
Oss. Folia sepits canaliculata marginibus inflexis, nunquam
reflexis, callo apicis villis albis diu tecto; dum plana ob-
soleté striata marginibus scabriusculis ; rarissimé 2—3-den-
tata.
*2, L. attenuatum, stylo calycem hirsutum superante, stigmate
subzequilaterali, foliis cuneato-linearibus tridentatis aveniis
basi attenuata, involucris ramisque tomentosis.
Has. In Africee Australis arenosis elevatioribus inter saxa;
Zwellendam.
4
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 97
Zwellendam. D. Niven. (v.s.in Herb. Banks. Lambert.
Hibbert.) f
- Desc. Frutew erectus, tripedalis. Rami stricti, crassitie pen-
ne anserine, incani. Folia glaberrima, levia, basi uninervi
vix torta, crassa, rard 5-dentata, sesquiuncialia, biuncialia.
Capitula solitaria v. gemina, breviter pedunculata, obovata,
magnitudine pruni majoris. Bractee involucri ovate, acumi-
natz, arctt imbricata ; pedunculi patule. Stylus calyce unam
quartam longior. Stigma conico-ovatum.
Oss. Hujus Varietas? insignis. Foliis latioribus, apice pro-
fundé tridentatis, dentibus lateralibus szepissimé bi- interme-'
dio tri-dentatis.” Ramulis preter tomentum incanum villis
patulis brevibus. (v. s. in Herb. Hibbert.)
3. L. Tottum, stylo calycem hirsutum % superante, stigmate hinc
gibboso, foliis lineari-oblongis sub-integris venosis basi. ob-
_ tusa, bracteis involucri glabris ciliatis.
Protea Totta. Linn. Mant. 191.* fide spec. in illius Herb. Thund.
Diss. n. 54.* Prod. 27. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1224.
Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 532. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p, 644
Har. In Africe Australis montosis; Roode Zant Cascade.
(v. s. in Herb. Linn., Banks., &c.)
Oss. Frutex subdecumbens (secund. D. Niven.) Ramisepids
hirsuti, quandoque glabri. Folia interdum 2—3-dentata,
venis obsoletis. Calyces bracteis triplo longiores. Stigma
indivisum.
*4. LL, medium, stylo calycem hirsutum feré bis superante, stigmate
hine gibboso, foliis lineari-oblongis integris passimque 2—3-
dentatis: callis acutis ; basi obtusA, bracteis involucri tenu-
issimé pubescentibus ciliatis, capitulis cernuis.
VOL, X. to) Protea
98 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Protea formosa. And. Repos. 17? que differt tamen, Foliis
longioribus, Calycibus unilabiatis unguibus omnibus longitu-
dinaliter coherentibus, Bracteis involucri sphacelatis, Stig-
mate ovato-oblongo vix gibboso. :
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. (v. s. in Herb. Soc.
Linn.)
Oss. Species inter L. Tottum et. ellipticum media, illo foliis, hoe
floribus fere exacté conveniens.
5. L. ellipticum, stylo calycem hirsutum feré bis superante, stig-
mate conico-ovato hinc gibboso, foliis oblongis 3—4-denta-
tis; basi obtusis; biuncialibus: bracteis involucri tenuissimeé
pubescentibus ciliatis, capitulis erectis.
Protea elliptica. Thunb. Diss. n.15.* Prod. 26. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1.
p: 512.
Protea vestita. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1259 ?
Protea conocarpa A. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p.057?
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. (v..s.)
Ozs. Calli apicis foliorum obtusiusculi.
*6. L. nutans, stylo calycem supra sericeum bis superante, stig-
mate obliquo turbinato! involucri bracteis tomentosis inca-
nis, capitulis nutantibus, foliis ovatis oblongisve S—35-den-
_ tatis ; -basi obtusis.
a, Foliis subovatis cordatis vix 2 iisiaiidfalibps:
GB. Foliis lineari-oblongis basi simplicibus, 2—3 uncias longis.
Has. In Afric Australis montibus. Masson. (vy. s. «. in Herb.
Banks., g. in Herb. Lambert.)
Ons. Distincta stigmate obliquo, apice depresso, axi longitu-
dinali elevata.
Variat ramis tomentosis et hirsutis.
7. L. Con-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu, 99
7. L. Conocarpum, stylo calycem villosissimum superante, stig-
mate subzequilaterali oblongo-conico, foliis ovalibus 3—9-
dentatis, ramis bracteisque hirsutissimis.
Scolymocephalus africanus latifolius lanuginosus foliis in sum-
mitate crenatis. Herm. Cat. 20.
Leucadendro similis Africana arbor argentea folio summo cre-
naturis florida. Plukn. Phyt. t. 200. f. 2. folium, sed nux vix
hujus generis.
Leucadendron, africana arbor argentea summo folio crenato.
Plukn. Alm. 212.
Conophoros capitis Bonz Spei, folio in summo dentato. Raj.
Hist. 3. App. 240. Petiv. Mus. 172. fide spec. in Herb. Petiv.
Conocarpodendron ; folio crasso, nervoso, lanuginoso, supra
crenato, ibique limbo rubro ; flore aureo ; cono facilé deci-
duo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 196. c. tab. bona.
Scolymocephalus africanus folio crasso nervoso. Weinm. Phyt.
4. p. 292. t. 899. f. b.
Protea foliis oblongo-ovatis apice quinquedentato-callosis.
Roy. Lugd. Bat. 184. ;
Leucadendron foliis ovatis obversis oblongis, margine calloso
fimbriatis ad apicem crenatis. Wachend. Ultraj. 203.
Leucadendron Conocarpodendron. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 95.
ed. ii. p. 186. Syst. Nat. xii. t.2. p. 110. Berg. Act. Stockh.
1766. p. 321. Omiss. in Linn. Mant. et Syst. Veg. xiii.
Protea conocarpa. Thunb. Diss. n.14.* desc. partim a L. gran-
difloro desump*a. Thunb. Prod. 25. Willd. Sp. Pi. 1. p. 512.
Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1260. tab. 53. f. 3. mala, pree-
cipué floribus separatis. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 656.
Has. In Africe Australis campis et collibus sterilibus, prope
Promont. B. Spei. (v. v. ad littora Simon’s Bay.)
02 8 L. gran-
100 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacce of Jussieu.
8 L. grandiflorum, stylo calycem villosissimum superante, stig~
mate wzquilaterali oblongo-cylindraceo, foliis oblongo-lan-
ceolatis tridentatis mtegrisque, ramis hirsutissimis, bracteis
involucri glabris ciliatis.
Leucadendron grandiflorum.” Salish. Parad. 1106.
Has. In Africe Australis montosis. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. sub
nomine Protez villosiuscule. )
9. L. puberum, stylo calycem hirsutum superante, stigmate zequi-
laterali ovato, foliis lanceolatis ellipticisve integris uncia bre-
vioribus pubescentibus, ramis hirsutis, bracteis involucri in-
cano-villosis ellipticis longé acuminatis.
Protea pubera. Linn. Mant. 192.* fide spec. in illius Herb. ex-
clusis synonymis. Thunb. Diss. n. 56.* Prod, 27, Lam. Iilust.
Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1216. / Walid. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 533. excl. syn.
Bergii. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 642.
Has. In Africe Australis summis montibus; Hottentot’s Hol-
land. (v.s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert.)
Oss. Variat foliis angusto-lanceolatis.
*10. L. buaifolium, stylo calycem hirsutum superante, stigmate
equilaterali ovato, foliis ovalibus obtusis integris unguicu-
laribus pubescentibus, ramis hirsutis, bracteis involucri or-
biculato-ovatis brevitery acuminatis glabriusculis ciliatis.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Masson. (v. s. in Herb.
Banks.) ;
Oss. Proximum priori et forte cum eo a Thunbergio con-
fusum.
*11. L. patulum, stylo calycem tomentoso-villosum superante,
stigmate
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 101
stigmate eequilaterali ovato, foliis spathulato-lnearibus in-
tegris: adultis glabris, ramis divaricatis tomentosis, capitulis —
pedunculatis.
Has. In Africé Australi. Masson. (v. s. in. Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Frutex humilis, ramosissimus.. Folia conferta, uncia bre-
viora, basi angustata, callo apicis acutiusculo, summa to-
mentosa. Capitula magnitudine avellanz; pedunculo to-
mentoso, bracteis lanceolatis ; Bractee involucrantes ovate,
acuminate, tomentose, incane, Calyx tubulosus, bilabia-
tus, tomentosus, villisque brevibus patulis supra frequentio-
ribus. Stylus 9 lineas longus. Stigma breve.
Oss. Valdé athinis L. pubero.
*12. L. spathulatum, stylo calycem villoso-tomentosum super-
ante, stigmate zequilaterali, foliis spathulatis basi lineari :
adultis glabris uncialibus, ramis hirsutis patulis, capitulis pe-
dunculatis, bracteis tomentosis acuminatis.
Has. In Africd Australi: D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Hibbert.)
Dausc. Frutex humilis, ramosissimus. Rami villis brevibus, pa-
tulis tomentoque cinereo instructi. Folia elliptico-spathu-
lata, basi attenuata, lineari, torta: callo apicis obtuso ; ob-
solett venosa. Capitulum magnitudine juglandis minoris ;
Bracteis involucrantibus ovatis, acuminatis. Calyces villis
brevibus, patulis densé tecti, laminarum decumbentibus,
brevissimis. Stylus uncialis.
13. L. tomentosum, stylo sublongitudine calycis, caule erecto,
foliis linearibus cuneatisve tridentatis tomentosis, bracteis
lanceolatis tubum calycis subequantibus.
Protea tomentosa. . Thunb. Diss. n. 18.* Prod. 26, Linn. Suppl.
118.
102 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
118. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1257. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1.
p- 514. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 656.
e. foliis linearibus canaliculatis aveniis, ramis bracteisque to-
mentosis, calycis laminis barbatis.
#. foliis lineari-cuneatis planis subvenosis 3—5-dentatis, ramis
hirsutis, bracteis calycisque laminis tomentosis.
Protea candicans. And. Repos. 294.
y- foliis linearibus planis ramis hirsutis, bracteis glabriusculis
ciliatis.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus, prope Promont. B. Spci.
(v.s in Herb. Banks., Lambert., et Soc. Linn.) ;
Oss. Plante pro varietatibus supra habite forte species di-.
stincte.
14. L. Hypophyllum, stylo longitudine calycis, caule procum-
bente, foliis linearibus tridentatis, bracteis orbiculato-ovatis
tomentosis tubo calycis dimidio brevioribus.
Thymelza capitata Rapunculoides Nerii crassioribus foliis sum-
mo apice tridentatis zthiopica coniformi calyce squamato.
Plukn. Mant. 181. t. 440. f. 3.
Conophoros capensis folio angusto summo dentato. Petiv.
Mus. 900. fide spec. in illius Herbar.
Scolymocephalos foliis angustis in summitate tridentatis. Raj.
Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 9.
Conocarpodendron ; folio rigido, angusto, apice tridentato ru-
bro; flore aureo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 198.* c. tab.
Scolymocephalus seu Conocarpodendron folio angusto. Weinm.
Phyt. 4. p. 294. t. 902. f. a
Protea foliis lanceolato-linearibus apice tridentato-callosis.
Linn. Hort. Chiff. 29. Herb. Cliff. absque fructificatione.
Protea
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 103
Protea foliis lanceolatis linearibus apice tridentato callosis ca-
pitulis aphyllis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 184. Wachend, Ultra). 202.
Leucadendron Hypophyllocarpodendron. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1.
p. 93. ed. ii. p. 186. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p.321.* Berg.
Cap. 16.*
Protea Hypophyllocarpodendron. Linn. Mant. 191.* desc. opt.
Protea Hypophylla. Thunb. Diss. n.16.* Prod.26. Lam. Il-
lust. Gen. 1. p. 259. n. 1256. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 518. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 655.
Has. In Africz Australis sabulosis depressis prope Prom. B.
Spei. (v.v. in collibus juxta Simon’s Bay.)
Oss. Variat foliis glabris, pubescentibus et incano-tomentosis,
$—5-dentatis passimque integris, planis canaliculatisve, ramis
nudiusculis, villosis v. tomentosis; Capitulis subsessilibus
pedunculatisque ; Bracteis laté ovatis, acutis orbiculatisve.
tt Receptaculum planiusculum ; Bracteis propriis angustis deciduis.
*15, L. molle, foliis ellipticis acutis 2—3-dentatis integrisve sub-
sericeo-pubescentibus mollibus, bracteis exterioribus glabri-
usculis, stigmate ovato.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. (v. s.)
Oss. Proximum L. crinito, diversum figura foliorum et forté
caule procumbenti.
16. L. crinitum, foliis obovato-oblongis obtusis 3—5-dentatis in-
tegrisve ; basi angustatis; pubescentibus demum glabris sca-
briusculis, bracteis omnibus villosis.
Protea crinita. Thunb. Diss.n.13?* Prod. 25. Willd. Sp. Pl.
1. p. 511? Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 657.
Has. In Africa Australi. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
17. L. ole-
104 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
17. L. oleefolium, foliis ovali-oblongis sublanceolatisve tridenta-
tis et integris : adultis glabris, bracteis omnibus villosis, stig-
mate oblongo. .
Leucadendron olezfolium. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 320.*
Berg. Cap. 15.*
Protea criniflora. “Linn. Suppl. 117.*
Han. In Africé Australi. (v. s.in Herb. Banks.)
Oxs. Duplex varietas, altera foliis ovali-oblongis obtusis ; brac-
teis exterioribus glabriusculis apice barbatis: altera foliis
lineari-oblongis acutiusculis bracteis omnibus villosis. Am-
be A L. crinito diversze foliis basi haud angustata,
18. L. diffusum, foliis cuneato-linearibus integris 2—3-denta-
tisve basi angustatis: adultis glabris, ramis procumbentibus,
bracteis tomentosis lanceolatis acuminatis calyce dimidio
brevioribus.
Protea heterophylla. Thunb. Diss. n. we Prod. 26? Willd.
Sp. Pl. 1. p. 515.
Has. In Africd Australi. Gul. Rovburgh M. D. (v. s. in —
Banks. et Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex prostratus ? Rami longi, glabri v. hirsuti, quan-
doque adscendentes. Folia uncialia, plana v. marginibus
leviter inflexis concaviuscula, obsoleté venosa, in ramis |
prostratis secunda. Capituda solitaria, breviter pedunculata,
turbinata, magnitudine avellanz ; Bractee involucri incane,
calyce hirsuto dimidio breviores. Pistillum calyce sesqui-
longius. Stigma clavatum stylo capillari parim crassius.
Oxs. Cg saflinis L. patulo.
7. MIMETES.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussiew 105
7. MIMETES.
Salish. Parad. Hyropuyttocarropenpron. Boerh. Lugd.
Prortx Sp. 9—10. Linn. Mant.
Cuan. Gen. Calyzr quadripartitus, equalis, laciniis distinctis. Sty-
lus filiformis, deciduus. Stigma cylindraceum, gracile. Nux
ventricosa, sessilis, levis. Receptaculum commune planum,
paleis angustis, deciduis. Involucrum indefinité polyphyllum,
imbricatum.
Hasrtus. Frutices. Folia integra v. calloso-dentata. Capitula avil-
laria, in quibusdam folio superiori cucullato amplexa ! quandoque
terminalia. Involucra membranacea, rard coriacea, nunc dimi.
diata! Pistilla calyce post expansionem flaccido longiora. Stig-
ma s@pissimé acutum.
+ Capitula axillaria.
1, M. hirta, involucris equilateralibus coloratis acuminatis se-
' mi-exsertis 8—10-floris, stigmate subulato, laminis calycis
plumosis, foliis acutis integerrimis.
Scolymocephalus Africanus argenteus foliis Dorycnii Plateau.
Herman. Cat. Mt.
Conophoros capensis foliis pilosis apice nigricante. Petiv.
Mus. 62. fid. spec. in illius Herb.
Lepidocarpodendron ; foliis sericeis, brevibus, confertissimé
natis; fructu gracili, longo. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 194.
c. tab.
Scolymocephalus africanus argenteus foliis Dorycnii. MVeinm.
Phyt. 4. p. 292. t. 899. bona.
Leucadendron hirtum. Amen. Acad. 6. p. 83.* Sp. Pi. ed. ii.
p- 136.
VOL. x. P Protea
106 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacce of Jussieus
Protea hirta. Linn. Mant. p. 188.* (Herb. Linn.) Thunb. Diss.
n. 55.* exclus. syn. Boerh. Lugd.2. p. 205. Thunb. Prod.
27. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n. 1213., Willd. Sp. Pl. 1.
p. 5382. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 641.
_ Has. In Africe Australis campis collibusque, in locis humi-
dis. (vy. v. in collibus humidis prope Simon’s Bay.)
*2, M. capitulata, involucris equilateralibus coloratis acutis se-
mi-exsertis pubescentibus 8—10-floris, stigmate apice co-
nico-incrassato! laminis calycis plumosis, foliis acutis inte-
gerrimis.
Has. In Africa Australi. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in
Herb. Banks.) ‘
Desc. Frutew erectus. Rami pubescentes. Folia elliptico-
lanceolata, vix uncialia, pubescentia, haud sericea, ciliata,
floralia pardim latiora; Involucra foliis pauld longiora ;
Bracteis ellipticis, acutis, rubris tenuissimé pubescentibus,
Calyces involucro vix longiores. Styli calycibus feré duplo
longiores apice parim incrassato tetragono subfusiformi.
Stigma stylo nodulo articuliformi connexum, cylindraceum,
sulcatum, apice duplo crassiore conico-capitato.
*3, M. pauciflora, involucris subeequilateralibus coloratis acutis
villosiusculis subquadrifloris, calycibus pistilla aquantibus !
laminis nudiusculis, stigmate cylindraceo, foliis obtusis in-
tegerrimis sericeis.
Has. In Africd Australi. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (vy. s. in
Herb. Lambert.) nee
Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami villosi, vestiti. Folia imbricata,
frequentia, ovalia, plana, uncialia, venis alt? immersis ad-
versus
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 107
versus lucem tantummodd obviis. Involucra cylindracea,
foliis sesquilongiora. Bracteis membranaceis, rubris, exti-
mis obtusis ter brevioribus. Calyx involucro feré unam quar-
tam longior; Unguibus hirsutis ; Laminis glabriusculis, pube
brevi adpressd. Stylus calycem vix superans, extra medium
angulatus. Stigma cylindraceum, sub-emarginatum, crassitie
styli, quo cum nodulo connexum.
4. M. cucullata, involucris mequilateralibus subdimidiatis acu-
minatis glabriusculis, foliis lineari-oblongis tridentatis gla-
bris: floralibus infra dilatatis marginibus recurvis, stigmate
- subulato acutissimo.
Scolymocephalus africana, foliis angustis brevioribus, tribus in
summitate denticulis, capitulis foliosis interceptis. Herm.
Afr. 20.
Leucadendros africana s. Scolymocephalus angistiori folio api-
cibus tridentatis. Plukn. Alm. 212. t. 304. f. 6, bona.
Hypophyllocarpodendron foliis inferioribus apice trifido rubro
‘superioribus penitis rubris glabris. Boerh. riper Bat. 2
p. 206. c, tab.
Séulpenocdhiles seu Fiyulopliptlacanpudetidron foliis tribus in
summnitate. Weinm. Phyt. 4. p. 297. #. 905.
Protea foliis lanceolatis obtusis foliis involventibus apice tri-
dentato-callosis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 184.
Leucadendron foliis cuneiformibus apice tridentato-callosis
summis ultra florem protensis. Wachend. Ultraj. 203.
Leucadendron cucullatum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 93. ed. il.
p. 136. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p.320.* Berg. Cap. 14.*
Protea cucullata. Linn. Mant. 189.* Thunb. Diss. n. 17.*
Prod. 26. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1258. Willd. Sp.
Pl... p. 514. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 656.*
PQ Has.
108 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Has. In Africe Australis uliginosis prope Prom, B. Spei. (v.v.
juxta Simon’s Bay et Gouatoilain. )
Oss. Frutex 2—3 pedes altus. Folia vix sesquiuncialia, sub-
avenia; floralia supra glabriuscula. Stigma infra apicem
non incrassatum. Varietas foliis uncié brevioribus subline-
aribus.
5. M. Hartogii, involucris ineequilateralibus subdimidiatis : brac-
teis acuminatis pubescentibus : interioribus tomentosis inca-
nis, foliis limeari-oblongis tridentatis: adultis glabris mar-
ginibus niveo-lanatis ; floralium apice angustato supra seri-
ceo, stigmate extra medium fusiformi: acumine setaceo.
Hypophyllocarpodendron ; foliis lanuginosis, in apice trifido
rubro quasi florescens. Boerh, Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 205. c. tab.
Scolymocephalus seu Hypophyllocarpodendron foliis lanugi-
nosis. Weinm. Phyt.4. p. 297. t. 906. a.
Protea cucullata 8. Lam. Iilust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1258.
Has. In Africe Australis collibus, prope Prom. B. Spei. (v. v.
in montibus juxta False Bay.)
Desc. Arbuscula orgyalis. Rami patentes, tomentosi. Folia
frequentia, imbricata, plana, biuncialia et ultra, 8 lineas
lata, subvenosa, utrinque tenuissimé pubescentia, pube de-
mum decidua, land marginis persistenti ; floralia dimidio in-
feriore dilatato, 6blongo, marginibus reflexis cucullato, ca-
pitulam proximé inferius amplexante ; superiore breviore,
lineari, supra sericeo, marginibus planis. Calya sesquiun-
cialis, plumoso-barbatus. Stylus calycem superans, sulcato-
angulatus. Stigma sulcato-quadrangulum sulcis strié pardm
elevaté. Receptaculum paleis subulatis, lanatis.
*6. M. Hibbertii, involucris inequilateralibus subdimidiatis :
bracteis
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 109
bracteis obtusis; exterioribus glabris, foliis argenteis oblongo-
ellipticis tridentatis integerrimisve.
Has. In Africe Australis alpinis humidis, prope Barbiers
Kraal. .D. Niven. (v.s.in Herb. Hibbert., Banks., Lam-
bert.)
Desc. Frutex 5—6 pedes altus. Rami tomentosi, cinerei. To-
lia imbricata, sessilia, plana, obsolete venosa, dum duas
uncias longa, vix 8 lineas lata. Involucra foliis breviora, tur-
binato-ovata, 7—8-flora. Bracteis laté ovatis, exterioribus
ciliatis, interioribus sericeis. Calya villosissimus. Stylus ca-
lyce longior. Stigma filiforme, striatum, acutiusculum.
*7. M. Massoni, involucris sequilateralibus calyce dimidio bre-
vioribus : bracteis subrotundis obtusis coriaceis foliisque ar-
genteis ovatis integris.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus prope Franche Hock.
Masson. (vy. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Frutewv erectus. Rami sericei. Folia imbricata, frequen-
tia, plana, holosericea, obsoleté venosa, biuncialia, sesqui-
unciam lata, calloapicis nudiusculo. Involucra vix semun-
cialia, globose ovata, circiter octo-flora ; Bracteis fructiferis
induratis. Calyx villis longis, sub-adpressis incanus. Stylus
calyce longior. Stigma filiforme, acutum, striatum, vix cras-
sitie styli. Receptaculum villosum, angustum, epaleatum.
tt Capitula terminalia. Mimetes spurie.
8. M. thymeleoides, caule erecto, foliis ovalibus obtusis pubes-
centibus semuncia brevioribus, capitulis subaggregatis, sty-
lis infra medium pubescentibus.
Leucadendron thymeleoides. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 324.*
Berg. Cap. 19.*
Has.
110 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Has. In Africa Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei. (v. s. in
Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Frutex ramosissimus. Rami stricti, vestiti. Folia im-
bricata, vix unguicularia, subavenia, inferiora glabra. Ca-
pitula sessilia, globosa, magnitudine vix cerasi nigri. Brac-
te@ involucri lanceolato-ellipticee. Palee undique densé la-
nate. Calywx sericeo-lanatus. Stylus calyce longior. Stigma
acutiusculum.
9. M. myrtifolia, caule erecto, foliis lineari-oblongis obliquis in-
tegris v. 2—3-dentatis uncia brevioribus, stylo glabro, capi-
tulis sub-solitariis.
a, foliis tomentosis, passim 2—3-dentatis, bracteis acuminatis.
@. foliis glabriusculis, summis capitulo parim longioribus,
bracteis obtusiusculis.
Protea myrtifolia. Thunb. Diss. n. 50*? Prod. 27. Willd.
Sp. Pl. 1. p. 530. Potret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 641.
Has. In Africéd Australi. (v. s. in Herb. Banks. et Soc. Linn.)
Desc. «. Fruter parvus. Rami brunnei, adulti glabri, juniores
‘villosi. Folia avenia, tenuissimé pubescentia vy. glabra. Capi-
tula turbinata, sessilia, solitaria v. pauca aggregata, piso vix
duplO majora, multiflora. Bractee@ involucri pubescentes,
ciliate; exteriores ovato-lanceolate, acumine brevi; interi-
ores oblongo-ellipticz, obtusiusculz. Calyx tetraphyllus, plu-
moso-villosus. Péstillum calyce longius. Stigma crassitie
styli. Squamule hypogyne subulate, persistentes. Nuz el-
liptica, vix compressa, tenuissimé pubescens, basi styli ter-
minata: cortex membranaceus, tenuis, albus, separabilis
apice rugoso, putamen crustaceum, nigro-fuscum. Nucleus
integumento simplici, tenuissimo. Chalaza apicis lata, ve~
fis radiantibus. Receptaculum planum, villosum, epaleatum.
10. M.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu 111
10. M. divaricata, caule procumbente, foliis ovalibus obtusis pu-
bescentibus, stylo glabro.
#. bracteis oblongo-linearibus obtusis semifoliaceis, laminis
calycis sericeis. ;
Scolymocephalos africanus argenteus, foliis brevioribus, myrti-
formibus, capitulis rarioribus. Herm. Afr. 20.
Leucadendron divaricatum. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p.324.*
Berg. Cap. p. 19.*
Protea divaricata. Linn. Mant. 194.* Thunb. Diss. n. 57.*
Prod. 27. Lam. Iilust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1221. Poiret. En-
cyc. Botan. 5. p. 643. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 533.
f. bracteis lanceolatis acutiusculis subscariosis.
Has. In Africee Australis campis et collibus, ubique prope
Promont. B. Spei. (v. v. ad Jatera montium, juxta Simon’s
Bay.)
Oxs. Calyx tetraphyllus. Receptaculum epaleatum.
11. M. purpurea, caule procumbenti, ramis adscendentibus,
foliis lineari-subulatis canaliculatis, laminis calycis glabris.
Protea foliis linearibus simplicissimis ramis determinatis flori-
bus terminatricibus. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 186.
Leucadendron proteoides. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p.91.* (fid. spee.
tune in Herb.) ed. ii. p. 184.* Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766.
p- 826.* Berg. Cap. 24.”
- Protea purpurea. Linn. Mant. 195.* Thunb. Diss. n. 26.*
Prod. 26. Lam. Tllust. Gen. 1. p. 238. n. 1252. Willd. Sp.
Pl. 1. p. 518. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 654.
Has. In Africae Australis collibus, prope Promont. B. Spei;
frequens. (v. v. ad latera montium, prope Simon’s Bay.)
Oxs. I. Receptaculum epaleatum.
Oxzs. II. Variat Caule erectiusculo; Foliis undique ¥ersis et
secundis;
i12 Mr, Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
secundis ; Bracteis acumine subulato, longo, brevissimo, vel
nullo.
8. SERRURIA.
Salish. Parad. Serrarta. Burm. Afr. Adans. Fam.
Gen. Cuar.. Calya quadrifidus, subeequalis, unguibus distinctis.
Stigma verticale, glabrum. Squamule quatuor hypogyne.
Nuv brevissimé pedicellata, ventricosa. Capitulum indefinite
multiflorum ; pa/eis persistentibus, imbricatis.
Hasirvs. Frutices. Folia filiformia, trifido-pinnatifida, raro indivisa.
Capitula ¢erminalia v. e summis alis, simplicia, nune composita
partialibus congestis v. pedunculo communi diviso corymbosa. In-
volucrum imbricatum, membranaceum, floribus sepissime brevius,
in paucis longius, quandoque nullum. Flores semper sessiles, pur-
purei. Pistillum longitudine calycis. Stigma clavatum, rariusve
cylindraceum. Nux ovalis, tenuiter pubescens, modo barbata, ali-
quando glabriuscula.
Ons. Secundum Cl. Salisburium, “Flores interdum pedicellati,”
quod nunquam observare licuit.
+ Capitula simplicia ; Pedunculi indivisi v. nulli.
*1. S. glaberrima, capitulis axillaribus pedunculatis, bracteis la-
minisque calycis glabris, foliis indivisis passimque trifidis,
caule procumbente. .
Has. In Africee Australis umbrosis montium. Masson. Kleine
Hoot. Hoeck.. Gul. Roaburgh M. D. (vy. s. in Herb. Soc.
Linn. et Banks.)
Desc. Frutex prostratus, glaber. Rami filiformes, subflexuosi.
Folia alterna, remotiuscula, ramis partm graciliora, 2—3 un-
cias longa. Capitula, erecta, sub-octoflora, pedunculo brac-
teato parlm breviora. Bractee@ propriv subrotunde, mucro-
nate,
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 113
nate, cucullate, glabre, scariose. Calyx strictus, unguibus
villosiusculis.
*2. S. cygnea, capitulis axillaribus terminalibusque pedunculatis,
bracteis glabris subciliatis, calycibus curvatis sericeis, foliis
bipinnatis, caule procumbente.
«. Capitula floribus viginti pluribusve : bracteis involucranti-
bus nullis.
6. Capitula floribus viginti paucioribus : bracteis involucranti-
bus nonnullis, lanceolato-ovatis.
Has. In Africa Australi prope Winterhoek et alibi. Gul. Row-
burgh, M. D. (vy. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn., 8 in Herb.
Banks.)
Desc. Frutex procumbens, ramosus, glabriusculus. Folia ses-
quiunciam longa, quandoque biuncialia, superiora interdum
breviora. Pedunculi capitulo longiores, bracteis distantibus,
sepils curvati. Capitula globosa, magnitudine cerasi; Brac-
teis propriis laté ovatis, acuminatis. Calyx unguibus sigmoi-
deo-curvatis ; Laminis nutantibus. Stylus pariter arcuatus.
Stigma pendulum,
*3. S. acrocarpa, capitulis axillaribus pedunculatis, bracteis to-
mentosis, calycibus curvatis sericeis, nucibus basi pubes-
centi styli mucronatis, foliis bipinnatifidis, caule erecto.
Has. In Africd Australi, Brant-fly plain. Gul. Roxburgh,
M.D. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex bipedalis et ultra. Ramuli pubescentes. Folia
biuncialia, adulta glabra. Pedunculi capitulo longiores, seep
curvati, bracteis glabris distantibus, apice tenuissimé pubes-
centes. Capitulum magnitudine cerasi: Bracteis propriis ova-
to-subrotundis, breviter acuminatis, involucrantibus paucis
VOL. XxX. : Q similibus.
14 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
similibus. Stylus basi incrassataé apice arcuato. Stigma
pendulum. Nwz barbata pilis strictis patulis.
#4, S. elevata, capitulis axillaribus pedunculo brevioribus, brac-
teis cuneato-orbiculatis tomentosis, calycibus breviter bar-
batis curvatis, nucibus submuticis, foliis bipinnatis uncid
longioribus, caule erecto.
Was. In Africe Australis arenosis. Masson. Picket Berg.
Gul. Roxburgh, M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Banks., et Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex orgyalis. Rami tomentosi, cinerei. Folia fre-
quentia, pilosiuscula, viridia, inferiora glabra, sesquiuncia-
lia, callis obtusiusculis.. Peduneuli folia seepissime superan-
tes, quandoque S-unciales, tomentosi, cinerei, bracteis al-
ternis, lanceolatis, patentibus. Capitulum magnitudine ce-
rasi, floribus viginti pluribus, semuncid brevioribus. Brac-
tee omnes extts sericeo-tomentosze, brevissimé mucronate,
intis glabre, intimee submutice. Nuz submutica, mucro-
nulo vix manifesto, barbata.
Ozs. Descriptio e planta Massoni: Roxburgiana paulo diversa,
Calycibus quandoque sericeis; bracteis. mucrone longiore ; pe-
dunculis brevioribus, paucioribus ; foliis recentioribus magis
hirsutis: forte species distincta.
*5, §. Aitoni, capitulis axillaribus subterminalibus pedunculo
brevioribus, bracteis cuneato-subrotundis. mucronatis gla-
briusculis, calycibus plumosis, nucibus mucronatis, foliis-
tripartito-bipinnatis sericeis uncia brevioribus, caule erecto.
Has. In Africd Australi. D. Masson. (v.s. in Herb. D. Ai-
ton.)
Desc. Rami stricti, pedales, tomentosi, vestiti. Folia erecta,
frequentia, 8—10 lineas longa, subargentea tomento arcté
ad presso,
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 115
adpresso, profundé trifida, laciniis bipinnatifidis, intermedia
pariim longiore magisque divisa, lacinulis intds sulco tenui,
apiculis subrecurvis, callo obtusiusculo. Pedunculi e sum-
mis alis et terminales, corymbosi, unciales et ultra, to-
mento brevissiio cinerei, bracteis alternis e basi erecté lan-
ceolata subulatis, recurvis. Capitula globosa, magnitudine
feré juglandis, floribus viginti pluribus. Bractee exteriores
acumine longiore, interiores Jatiores, omnes glabriuscule,
subciliate. Calyx T—S8 lineas longus, unguibus laminisque
plumoso-barbatis. Stigma clavatum, oblongum. Nuz villis
strictis sericeis barbata, basi styli mucronata. Squamule hy-
pogynz quatuor, subulate, persistentes.
*O. S. simplicifolia, capitulis terminalibus pedunculatis, bracteis
villosis, calycibus barbatis, foliis indivisis raritisve trifidis,
caule erecto.
Haz. In Africz Australis arenosis: Roode Zant Cascade. Gul.
Roaburgh, M.D. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Fruticulus pedalis, sesquipedalis, simplex v. subramo-
sus, glaber, apicem versus tenuissimeé pubescens. lia un-
cialia sesquiuncialia, canaliculata, pleraque indivisa, aliqua
passim trifida, juniora hirsuta ; radicalia elongata, crassiora,
canali latiore. Pedunculi solitarii, capitulo longiores, inca-
no-tomentosi ; bracteis glabriusculis, lanceolatis, distantibus.
Capitulum magnitudine cerasi, floribus circiter viginti. Brac-
tee subrotunde, breviter acuminate, tomentose, subin-
can. Calyr dense plumosus, niveus. Stigma subcylin-
draceum.
*7. S. diffusa, capitulis terminalibus pedunculatis, bracteis lan-
ceolato-ovatis acuminatis, calycibus barbatis, foliis trifidis
Q2 Vv. pin-
116 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
v. pinnatifidis subindé simplicibus uncialibus ramisque gla-
bris, caule procumbente.
Has. In Africee Australis arenosis saxosis; in elevatioribus
prope Roode Zant. Gul. Rovburgh, M. D. prope Wilde
River. D. Niven. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn., et Hibbert.)
Desc. Frutex diffusus, pedalis bipedalis. Folia vix sesquiun-
cialia, dum pinnatifida laciniis quinque indivisis. Pedun-
culi solitarii, tomentosi, capitulo vix longiores ; bractets an-
gusté lanceolatis, concavis, patulis, glabris. Capitudum mag-
nitudine cerasi, floribus circiter viginti. Bractec lanceolato-
ovate, acuminate, villose, scariose; extimz angustiores,
glabriuscule. Calyx unguibus laminisque plumosis. Stigma
clavato-cylindraceum.
8. S. pinnata, capitulis terminalibus axillaribusque pedunculatis
subaggregatis, bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis villosis dimi-
dio calyce longioribus, calycis unguibus subsericeis: laminis
apice barbatis, foliis pinnatifidis trifidisve uncid longioribus,
caule procumbente piloso.
Protea pinnata. And. Repos. 512? sed folia nimis longa.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus aridis ; in ascensu Paarl.
Berg. D. Niven. (v.s.in Herb. Hibbert.)
Desc. Frutexv totus prostratus, basi divisus, ramis pedalibus,
pubescentibus. Folia secunda, erecta, subsesquiuncialia,
sepils pinnatifida, laciniis quinque, passim trifida, pilo-
siuscula, callis acutis. Pedunculi e summis alis et terminales,
capitula subequantes, adscendentes, tomentosi, bracteis al-
ternis, ovato-lanceolatis, acuminatis, glabriusculis. Capi-
tula globosa, magnitudine feré juglandis, multiflora. Caly-
cis lamine infra sericee, apice penicillatim barbatee. Stigma
erectiusculum, subclavatum, apice dilatato cavo.
*9, S. are-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 117
*9. S. arenaria, capitulis terminalibus pedunculo longioribus,
bracteis lanceolato-ovatis acuminatis villosis, calycis laminis
tribus plumoso-barbatis quarta subimberbi; unguibus nu-
diusculis, foliis trifidis pinnatifidisve uncia brevioribus, caule
pubescent.
Has. In Africe Australis arenosis montium. 'Tygerhock Hill,
Blue berg, &e. Gul. Roxburgh M.D. § D. Niven. (v.s.
in Herb. Soc. Linn. et D. Hibbert.)
Desc. Frutex erectus v. decumbens, pedalis, pardm ramosus.
Folia frequentia, laciniis indivisis, sepe secunda. Pedun-
culi solitarii, capitulo dimidio breviores. Ungues calycis gla-
bri v. pilis raris patentibus.
10. S. cyanoides, capitulis terminalibus pedunculo longioribus,
bracteis orbiculato-ovatis acuminatis villosis, calycis laminis
tribus longitudinaliter plumoso-barbatis quarta nudiuscula,
foliis patulis : superioribus subbipinnatifidis vix uncialibus ;
inferioribus brevioribus trifidis, caule erectiusculo.
Cyanus ethiopicus rigidis capillaceis tenuissimis foliis trifidis
ex Prom. B. Spei. Plukn. Mant. 61. t. 345. f. 6. fid. spec.
in ejus Herb.
Protea foliis linearibus ramosis. Roy. Lugd. Bat. 186. Wachend.
Ultraj. 202.
Leucadendron cyanoides. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 93. ed. ii. p. 137.
Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 326. Berg. Cap. 27.*
Protea cyanoides. Linn. Mant. 188.* Herb. Linn.
Protea cyanoides. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1263. Poi-
ret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 658. forte diversa species.
Has. In Africe Australis collibus, prope Promont. B. Spei.
(v. v. ad latera montium juxta Simon’s Bay.)
Desc. Frutex humilis. Ramuli glabriusculi vy. tenuissimé pu-
; bescentes.
118 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
bescentes. Folia vix uncialia, pilosiuscula, demim glabra.
Pedunculi solitarii, tomentosi, capituli spits dimidio bre-
viores, nunc subequantes, bracteis alternis. Capitulum mag-
nitudine cerasi majoris, folia superiora superans, Bractee
scarios2, villis adpressis, acumine subulato breviore. Stigma
clavato-cylindraceum.
*11. 8. furcellata, capitulis terminalibus pedunculatis, bracteis
lanceolatis: exterioribus pedunculique glabris ; interioribus
villosis, calycibus barbatis, foliis uncid longioribus trifidis :
laciniis 2—3-fidisve fastigiatis ramisque glabris, caule erecto.
Has. In Africd Australi. Gul. Roaburgh M.D. (v.s.)
Desc. Rami virgati. Fola alterna, sesquiuncialia, ad medium
trifida, laciniis modicé patentibus, vix sulcatis, callo brevi
acuto, lateralibus bifidis, intermedia sepits trifida. Pe-
dunculi capitula subzquantes, bracteis lineari-lanceolatis,
imbricatis, glabris, vestiti. Capitulum magnitudine cerasi
nigri. Stigma cylindraceo-clavatum.
Oss. Valdé affinis sequenti.
*192. S. scariosa, capitulis terminalibus pedunculatis, bracteis lan-
ceolatis glabriusculis calyces sericeos quantibus apice pa-
tulis, pedunculis squarrosis, foliis bipinnatis laciniisque di-
varicatis ramisque glabris, caule erecto.
Protea spherocephala. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 658.* se-
cund. descript. synonyma autem omnia excludenda.
Has. In AfricA Australi ; in depressis,rarits. Gul. Roxburgh
M. D.. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Rami rubicundi, parim flexuosi. Folia sesquiunciam
longa, pinnarum lacinulis paucis, subfastigiatis, callo acuto;
superiora modict patentia. Pedunculi subumbellati, capi-
tulo
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 119
tulo paulo longiores, pilosiusculi, bracteis lanceolatis, gla-
bris, divaricatis. Capitulum globost-ovatum, magnitudine
cerasi minoris ; Bracteis omnibus scariosis, glabriusculis, ca-
rinatis, apice acuto, patulo. Calyw villis arcté adpressis se-
riceus. Stigma subcylindraceum.
13. S. pedunculata, capitulis terminalibus pedunculatis, bracteis
laté ovatis tomentosis, calycibus curvatis plumoso-barbatis :
laminé interiori villis adpressis sericed, foliis bi-tripinnatifidis
cauleque erecto hirsutis.
Protea pedunculata. Lam. Iilust. Gen. 1. p. 240. n. 1264.
Protea spherocephala A. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 658.
Protea glomerata. And. Repos. 264. bona quoad faciem sed
stigma nimis inclinans.
Has. In. Africee Australis montosis ; solo fertiliori; Roode
Zant Cascade. Gul. Rorburgh, M. D. (v.s..in Herb. Banks.,
Lambert., Hibbert., et Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Fruter quandoque orgyalis. Rami stricti, pubescentes.
Folia frequentia, sesquiunciam longa, pube decumbenti v.
patula, annotino-interrupta. Pedunculus terminalis, dum
plures aliqui axillares, capitulo seepits longiores, rard nulli,
ramulis floriferis tunc foliis nanis instructis. Capitulum mag-
* nitudine feré juglandis. Calya densissimé barbatus, villis
strictis, patulis. Stigma cylindraceo-clavatum.
*14. S. scoparia, capitulis terminalibus pedunculatis, bracteis
laté-ovatis villosis, calycibus barbatis, foliis triternatis pa-
-tulis uncid brevioribus ramisque hirsutis, caule decum-
bente..
Has. In Africz Australis depressis arenosis et saxosis ; inter
24 Rivers
120 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
24 Rivers et Fontainage Flat. Gul. Roxburgh, M. D. (v. s.
in Herb. Soc. Linn. et D. Hibbert.)
Desc. Rami adscendentes, demim glabriusculi. Folia 8—10
lineas longa, subdivaricata, ad medium trifida, laciniis sub-
bipinnatis, lateralibus intermediam zquantibus. Calycis
ungues hirsuti; lamine densids barbate, interioris barba
breviore. St¢gma clavatum.
15. S. hirsuta, capitulis terminalibus pedunculo longioribus,
bracteis lineari-lanceolatis hirsutis, calycibus plumoso-bar-
batis, foliis bipinnatis uncialibus, ramis_ hirsutis, caule
erecto.
Protea phylicoides. Thunb. Diss. n.9.* Prod. 25. Willd. Sp.
Pl. 1. p. 510. excluso synonymo Bergii.
Has. In Africe Australis collibus saxosis, prope Prom. B.
Spei. (v. v. juxta Simon’s Bay.)
Desc. Frutex 2—5 pedes altus. Rami umbellati, stricti, vil-
lis patulis, persistentibus, hirsuti. Folia frequentia, quan-
doque sesquiuncialia, modicé patentia, juniora hirsuta,
adulta glabra, laciniis acutissimis. Pedunculi solitarii v.
seepe uno plures, capitulo dimidio breviores, bracteis lanceo-
lato-subulatis, divaricatis. Capitulum magnitudine feré ju-
glandis, folia superiora superans. Calyv leviter arcuatus,
barba lamine interioris breviore, Stigma clavato-cylindra-
ceum.
*16. S. stilbe, capitulis terminalibus subsessilibus ovatis, bracteis
hirsutis ovatis acumine recurvo, calycibus barbatis, foliis
2—3-ternatis uncia brevioribus, ramis pubescentibus, caule
erecto.
«. folia
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 121
a. folia subbiternata, semuncid breviora, imbricata, adulta
glabra; bractez pilosiuscule ; nuces glabriuscul.
£. folia biternata, feré semuncialia, subimbricata ramique hir-
suta; bractez nucesque barbate.
y. folia subtriternata, semuncid. longiora, patula, ramulorum
floriferorum nana ;. bracteze nucesque hirsute.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus saxosis. Masson. et Gul.
Rovburgh M, D. (vy. s. «. in Herb. Banks. 6. et y. in Herb.
Soc. Linn.)
Oxs. Plante huc ut varietates, proposite, forte species di-
stincte.
*17. S. Niveni, capitulis terminalibus sessilibus, bracteis lanceo-
latis: extimis glabris; interioribus sericeis, calycibus bar-
batis, foliis bipinnatifidis subuncialibus : summis capitulum
superantibus ramisque glaberrimis, caule decumbente.
Protea decumbens. And. Repos. 349.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus saxosis. Swartberg. D.
Niven. (v. s. in. Herb. Hibbert.)
Desc. Fruticulus diffusus, spithameus, ramosissimus, Rami ra-
mulique teretes, glaberrimi, rubicundi. Folia biternata et bi-
pinnatifida, intds canaliculata, mucronibus laciniarum acu-
tissimis, semipellucidis, innocuis; modict patentia; ramo-
rum procumbentium secunda. Capitulasolitaria, subsessi-
lia, globosa, magnitudine cerasi nigri. Bractee extime bre-
viter acuminate, extis glaberrime, marginibus tenuissime
ciliatis, dimidio capitulo parim longiores ; reliqua sericez,
apicibus glabriusculis. . Calyx densé barbatus, lamina inte-
riori villis adpressis sericea. Stigma cylindraceum, stylo vix
crassius.
¥OL. x. R 18. S. vil-
122 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
18. S. villosa, capitulis terminalibus sessilibus, bracteis lanceo-
latis acuminatis tomentosis, calycis laminis barbatis: ungui-
bus tomentosis, foliis subbiternatis: superioribus capitulum
superantibus, ramis hirsutis, caule erecto.
Protea villosa. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 240. n. 1265.
Protea pbylicoides. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p.659.* exclusis
synonymis Bergii et Thunbergit.
Has. In AfricA Australi, prope Promont. B. Spei; in monti-
bus prope Simon’s Bay. Gul. Roxburgh M.D. in si essis
prope Constantiam legi. (v. v-)
Desc. Frutez bipedalis et ultra. Rami umbellati, stricti, di-
visi, ultimi hirsuti. Folia vix uncialia, trifida; laciniis latera-
libus bifidis trifidisve ; intermedia trifida, quandoque pinnaté,
mucronibus lacinularum acutissimis, subincurvis: modicé
patentia, adulta glabra. Capitula solitaria, magnitudine
cerasi. Calycis ungues tomento arcté adpresso ; Lamine pe-
nicillatim barbate. Stigma cylindraceo-clavatum.
*19. S. feniculacea, capitulis terminalibus subsessilibus, bracteis
glabris ovatis acuminatis, calycibus sericeis, foliis -bipinna-
tis sesquiuncialibus: superioribus capitulum superantibus ;.
ramisque glabris, caule erecto.
Has. In Africe Australis depressis, prope Constantiam, (ubi
v. Vv.)
Desc. Frutex bipedalis, ramis umbellatis, rubicundis. Folia
modicé patentia, laciniis gracili-filiformibus, acutissimis.
Capitula solitaria, magnitudine cerasi; pedunculo brevissimo,
bracteis imbricatis tecto, v. nullo. Bractee breviter ci-
liate. Calyx leviter arcuatus, unguibus laminisque argen-
teo-sericeis villis arcté adpressis. Stigma oblongo-clavatum.
Oss.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacea of Jussieu. 123
Oxs. Facie, foliis, bracteis, calycibusque affinitatem quandam
cum S. glomeratd habet; sed capitulis semper solitariis di- .
stincta.
*20. S. ciliata, capitulis terminalibus pedunculo longioribus,
bracteis subulatis glabris margine hirsutis dimidio capitult
longioribus, calycibus sericeis, foliis subbipinnatis ramisque
glabris, caule erecto.
Han. In Africee Australis depressis arenosis prope Physsers-
Hoek, Gul. Rowburgh M.D. (vy. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutev ramosissimus. Rami rubicundi, ultimi tenuis-
sim’ pubescentes. Folia vix uncialia, modicé patentia, bi-
ternata v. subbipinnatifida ; superiora capitulum vix «quan-
tia. Pedunculi solitarii v. sepé aggregati, bracteis subulatis
. squarrosi. Capitula turbinato-obovata, ceraso nigro mino-
ra. Bractee extis glabriuscule, punctis elevatis scabrius-
cule, Calyx arcuatus. Stigma cylindraceo-clavatum.
*21. S. congesta, capitulis terminalibus sessilibus, bracteis subu-
latis margine hirsutissimis dimidio capituli longioribus, caly-
cibus barbatis, foliis subbiternatis semuncialibus, ramis pi-
losiusculis, caule erecto.
Has. In Africee Australis arenosis, inter Roode Zant et Ur-
bem Cap. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (veos.in Herb. Soc.
Linn.)
Desc. Frutex ramosissimus. Pasi apical adulti glabri. Fo-
lia erecta, quandoque pinnatifida, laciniis indivisis. Capztula
turbinata, vix magnitudine cerasi nigri, seepils aggregata.
Bractee extis punctis elevatis, crebris, junioribus piliferis.
Calya dens? barbatus, villis patulis, parallelis. Stigma cy-
lindraceo-clavatum.
R2 *22, S. ni-
‘124 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
*22. S. nitida, capitulis terminalibus pedunculo squarroso duplo:
longioribus, bracteis capitulo parim brevioribus : exteriori-
bus subulatis glabris; interioribus villosissimis_ sericeis,
calycis laminis plumoso-barbatis: interiori unguibusque
nudiusculis, foliis uncid longioribus.
Protea cyanoides. Thunb. Diss. n.3.*? Prod. 25? Willd. Sp.
Pl.1. p. 507?
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Hottentots-Holland-
Kloof. Gul. Roxburgh M.D. (v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex glaberrimus, ramis rubicundis. Folia pinnatifida
et subbipinnatifida, fere sesquiuncialia. Capitula solitaria,.
globosa, magnitudine avellane. Calyx. strictus, unguibus.
perangustis, pilosiusculis; lamina interiori. apice barba
brevi rara, reliquis longitudinaliter barbatis, villis terminali-
bus dimidio laminz longioribus. Stigma cylindraceum..
*23, §.squarrosa,capitulis terminalibus axillaribusque, pedunculis.
ramuliformibus squarrosis, bracteis dimidium capituli su-
perantibus: exterioribus linearibus glabris; interioribus li-
neari-lanceolatis pilosis, calycis laminis penicillatim bar-
batis: interiori unguibusque nudiusculis, foliis subbiunci-
alibus.
Has. In Africd Australi: Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (vy. s. in
Herb. Lambert.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, glaberrimus, ramosissimus, ramulis ru-
bicundis. Folia bipinnatifida, patentia. Pedunculi capitulis
parum longiores; bracteis numerosis, divaricatis, inferioribus
teretiusculis, foliaceis, superioribus longioribus, linearibus,
confertissimis. Bractee interioris capituli pilis sparsis, pa-
tulis, hirsute. Stigma cylindraceum.
24. S. phy-
-Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussiew. 125
24. S. phylicoides, capitulis terminalibus axillaribusque, pedun-
culis ramuliformibus squarrosis, bracteis dimidium capituli
superantibus: extimis lineari-subulatis; interioribus lan-
ceolatis ; utrisque glabris, calycis laminis penicillato-bar-
batis: interiori nudiuscula ; unguibus glabris, foliis sesqui-
uncialibus.
Leucadendron phylicoides. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 328.*
Berg. Cap. 29.* dese. opt.
Protea spherocephala, Linn. Mant. 188.* (Herb. Linn.)
exclus. syn. Bergii.
Protea abrotanifolia. And. Repos. t. 507.
Has. In Africd Australi. (v.s.in Herb. Linn. et Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, glaberrimus, ramulis rubicundis. Folia
bipinnatifida, passimque pinnatifida, modiceé patentia, quan-
doque biuncialia. Pedunculi (si-placeas ramuli floriferi) axil-
lares et terminales, subcorymbosi, capitulis longiores, bracteis
foliaceis, subulatis, indivisis, squarrosi. Capitula magnitu-
dine avellane. Bractee extime punctis elevatis, interiores
leves, marginibus nudis rariusve ciliatis. Calyw strictus,
unguibus glaberrimis, laminis exterioribus niveo-barbatis,
villis terminalibus longitudine antherarum ; interiori glabri-
uscula.. Stigma cylindraceum.
*25..S. emula, bracteis capitulo terminali subsessili pardm brevi-
oribus: exterioribus lanceolatis tomentosis ciliatis; interi-
oribus minoribus villosis, calycis laminis omnibus plumoso-
barbatis, foliis bipinnatifidis..
Has. In Africee Australis montibus prope Franche Hoek.
Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s.in Herb.Soc. Linn. et D. Hibbert.)
Desc. Frutew S—4 pedes altus. (Niven.) Rami ultimi tomento
_ tenuissimo cinerascentes. olia sesquiuncialia, modicé pa-
tentia,
126 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
tentia, glabra, Jlaciniis acutissimis. Pedunculi capitulo
breviores, quandoque brevissimi; bracteis subulatis, tomen-
tosis, divaricatis, squarrosi. Capitula maguitudine avellane
majoris. Bracteé membranacez. Calyx strictus, unguibus
nudiusculis. Stigma cylindraceum.
26. S. florida, bracteis capitulo pedunculato longioribus: exte-
rioribus glabris oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis ; interioribus
inclusis lineari-lanceolatis ciliatis, foliis pinnatifidis bipin-
natifidisve.
Protea florida. Thunb. Diss. n. 2.* tab. 1. bona. Lam. Illust.
Gen. 1. p. 240. n. 1271. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 506. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 662. ;
Has. In Afric Australis montibus prop Franche Hoek.
Masson. (v.s.in Herb. Banks.)
tt Capitula composita ; partralibus congestis.
*27. S. decumbens, caule prostrato foliisque glabris trifidis: laciniis
indivisis, capitulis partialibus subquadrifloris.
Protea decumbens. Thunb. Diss. n. 1.* tab. 1. Prod. 25.
Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 506. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 289. n. 1261.
Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 657.
Protea procumbens. Linn. Suppl. 116*.
Has. In Africee Australis lateribus saxosis montium, prope
Promont. B. Spei. (v. v. juxta Simon’s Bay.)
Desc. Frutex prostratus, glaber, basi divisus. Rami elongati,
rubicundi, parim flexuosi, spe annotino-articulati. ola
alterna, erecta, secunda, biuncialia, infra medium trifida,
laciniis subequalibus. Pedunculi terminales et seepe e sum-
mis alis, adscendentes, graciles ; bracteis nonnullis, parvis,
glabris. Capitulum commune subconicum, magnitudine fere
juglandis,
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 127
juglandis, e quatuor ad sex partialibus imbricatis, breviter
pedunculatis, 3—4-floris, quandoque abortione simplex.
Bractee capitulorum partialium orbiculato-ovate, acumine
brevi, subsericeee, passimque glabriuscule. Calywr levissime
arcuatus, subsericeus, villis arcté adpressis. Stigma cylin-
draceum.
28. S. adscendens, caule procumbente foliisque glabris pinnatifidis
bipinnatifidisque, pedunculis partialibus incano-tomentosis,
calycibus curvatis.
Protea ascendens. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 239. n. 1262. Porret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 658*?
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Kleine-Hoot-Hoek.
Gul. Rovburgh M. D. (vy. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Fruter glaber. Rami rubicundi, quandoque .adscen-
dentes. Folia sepiis bipinnatifida, passim pinnatifida, ses-
quiuncialia, biuncialia. Pedunculi communes terminales et
interdum e summis alis, capituli dimidio breviores. Capztu-
lum obtusé conicum, magnitudine feré juglandis, compositum
partialibus quinque ad septem, imbricatis, breviter pe-
dunculatis, 6—7-floris. Bractee ovato-lanceolate, acumine
patulo, glabra, basi tomentosa subincana. Calyx villis ad-
pressis, argenteis, sericeus. Stigma subcylindraceum.
*29 S. flagellaris, caule procambente foliisque pilosis bipinnati-
fidis, pedunculis partialibus subtomentosis, calycibus strictis.
Has. In Africe Australis campis arenosis lateribusque mon-
tium ; prope Simon’s Bay, (ubi v. v.)
Desc. Frudex prostratus, basi divisus. Rami elongati, apice
adscendentes, adulti glabriusculi.. Folia erecta, secunda,
circiter biuncialia, laciniis patentibus, fastigiatis, hirsutis,
pilis
128 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
pilis patulis, tardids deciduis. Pedunculi communes termi-
nales ; bracteis alternis, subulatis, vix longitudine capituli ;
quandoque recurvi. Capitulum magnitudine juglandis, e
partialibus 5—8, racemoso-congestis, 8—10-floris. Pedunculi
partiales capitulis suis breviores, tomento rariore cineras-
centes. Bracteé ovate, acuminate, pube rard appressd
consperse, ciliate. Calyx sericeus, villis adpressis imbricatis.
Stigma subcylindraceum.
30. S. rubricaulis, caule erecto foliisque glabriusculis subbipin-
natifidis uncialibus, capitulis partialibus paucifloris, bracteis
ovatis acuminatis glabris, pedunculis partialibus pilosiusculis,
stigmate cylindraceo.
Protea spherocephala. Thunb. Diss. n.5*? exclus. syn. omn.
Has. In Africa Australi. Gul. Rovburgh M.D. (v.-s.)
Desc. Rami stricti, rubicundi, glabri, pilisve paucis patulis.
Folia biternata et subbipinnatifida, erecta, vix sesquiuncialia.
Pedunculus communis terminalis, capitulo brevior, glaber,
bracteis alternis ; partiales capitulis suis dimidio breviores,
pilosi, quandoque glabriusculi. Bractee ovate, acumine re-
curvo, glabra, ciliate, scariose. Calya-sericeus, villis ad-
pressis.
Oxs. Valdeé affinis S. adscendenti.
51. S. glomerata, caule erecto foliisque glabris bipinnatifidis
uncia longioribus, capitulis partialibus multifloris, bracteis
exterioribus glabris ; interioribus subsericeis, pedunculo com-
muni squarroso, stigmate clavato.
Serraria foliis tenuissimé divisis capitulis tomentosis. Burm.
Afr..p. 265. t..99. f..2. mala.
Leucadendron Serraria. 6. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed.i. p. 94.
Leucadendron
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 129
Leucadendron glomeratum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. ii. p. 137.
(omissum in Syst. Nat. ed. xii.) Berg. Act. Stockh. 17606.
p. 328.
Protea glomerata. Linn. Mant. 187.* Herb. Linn.
Protea patula. Thunb. Diss..n. 4.* ?
Has. In Africz Australis collibus saxosis, prope Promont.
B. Spei. (v. s. in Herb. Linn., Banks., Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex ramis rubicundis. Folia modicé patentia, quan-
doque biuncialia, glaberrima. Pedunculi communes sepe
ageregati, bracteis patulis, late-ovatis, acuminatis, glabris
squarrosi, capitula subeequantes; partiales capitulis suis
breviores ; utrique pubescentes. Capitula partialia magni-
tudine pisi majoris, bracteis densissimé imbricatis, subro-
tundis, acuminatis. Calyzx sericeus, villis adpressis.
$2. S. decipiens, caule erecto ramulis pubescentibus, foliis bipin-
natifidis uncialibus et ultra, capitulis partialibus paucifloris
communique breviter pedunculatis, bracteis omnibus vil-
losissimis, calycibus sericeis.
«. Frutex 4—5-pedalis, foliis sesquiuncialibus biuncialibusque.
6. Frutex 1—2-pedalis, foliis uncialibus, bractearum acumine
glabro.
Has. In Africe Australis planitiis. elevatioribus arenosis.
Gul. Rovburgh M. D. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex ramosissimus, ramis tenuissime pubescentibus.
Folia patentia, superiora capitula superantia. Capitula
communia sepe aggregata; partialia 5—6-flora; Bractee
ovate, villis longis, decumbentibus incanz, acumine subu-
lato, nune glabro. Calyx curvatus,
33. S. compar, caule erecto ramis glabris, foliis bipinnatifidis
VOL. X. s uncia
130 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
unciad Jongioribus, capitulis partialibus paucifloris com-
munique breviter pedunculatis, bracteis tomentosis, calyci-
bus barbatis.
Has. In Africa Australi. (v. s.)
Oss. Nimis aftinis S. decipienti. Differt praesertim ramis gla-
bris, calycibus’ barbatis villis brevissimis patulis, bracteis
exterioribus tenuissime tomentosis, acumine recurvo.
34, S. Roxvburgii, caule erecto, foliis triternatis fastigiatis se-
muncia brevioribus, capitulo communi partialibusque sessili-
bus paucifloris.
Has. In Africé Australi, prope Pardberg in Swartland. Gul.
Roxburgh M.D. (v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutew 3—4-pedalis, ramosissimus. “Rami umbel-
lati, spithamei, pubescentes. olva adulta glabra, patula,
flabelliformia, Jacinulis acutissimis. Capitulum terminale,
siepe magnitudine juglandis minoris, quandoque vix cerasi.
Bractee lanceolato-ovate, acuminate, villosissime, incane,
acumine nudiusculo. Calya argenteo-sericeus, villis laxius
adpressis. Stigma cylindraceo-clavatum.
ttt Pedunculi divisi. Capitulis distinctis, corymbosis v. racemosis.
35. S. candicans, capitulis racemosis paucifloris, pedunculis par-
tialibus calyce barbato brevioribus, foliis bipinnatifidis ra-
mulisque incanis.
Has. In AfricA Australi. (v. s.)
Oss. Facies S. Burmanni B, eique quam maximé affinis.
36. S. Burmanni, capitulis corymbosis subdecemfloris, calycibus
fastigiatis sericeis apiceve nudiusculis pedunculo_partiali-
brevioribus, foliis bipinnatifidis setaceis vix biuncialibus.
a, Ramis
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 131
#. Ramis foliisque pilosiusculis ; capitulis turbinatis, bracteis
acumine glabriusculo; calycis laminis demim nudius-
culis.
Abrotanoides arboreum monamotapense floribus in ramulorum
cymis. Plukn. Mant. \. t. 529. f. 1. fide specim. in illius
Herb.
Serraria foliis tenuissimé divisis floribus rubris apetalis. Burm.
Afr. p. 264, t. 99. f. 1. mala, nisi quoad figuram capitu-
lorum. °
Leucadendron Serraria «. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 93. ed. ii
p. 137.
Protea Serraria. Linn. Mant. 188.* Herb. Linn. Thunb. Diss.
n'6.* Prod. 25: Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. = Lam. Tlust. Gen. 1.
p- 240, n. 1268. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 660.
. . Ramis foliisque subsericeis ;: capitulis basi stot bracteis
totis calycibusque sericeis.
Has. In Africee Australis depressis sterilibus, et ad latera
montium. «. ubique. #. rarits; forte distincta species:
(a. v. v. juxta Simon’s Bay. £.v.s. in Herb. Soc. Linn. et
D. Hibbert.)
37. 8. triternata, corymbis compositis, capitulis globosis ; flori-
bus viginti pluribus imbricatis, bracteis pedunculisque par-
tialibus sericeis, foliis triternatis digitalibus widest gla-
berrimis.
Protea triternata. Thunb. Diss. n. 7*. Prod. 25. Willd. Sp.
Pl. 1. p.. 509. Poiret. Eneyc. Botan. 5. p. 660.
Protea argentiflora. And. Repos. 447. bona.
Has. In AfricA Australi, prope fluvium ad Roode Zant. D.
Niven. ° (v. s. in Herb. Banks., Hibbert., et Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, orgyalis. Rami rubicundi crassitie
Seay penne
132 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
penne anserine. Folia patentia. Corymbus paniculatus, foliis
spits longior, ramis glabris, ramulis tomentosis, incanis,
subangulatis. Bractee ad divisuras glabriuscule, acute,
patentes. Capitula magnitudine cerasi nigri. Bractee ovate,
acuminate. Calyx argenteo-sericeus, villis laxits decum-
bentibus. Stigma ovale.
58. S. elongata, corymbis simplicibus subcompositisve, pedunculu
communi elongato: partialibus bracteisque glabris ; acumine
subulato recurvo dimidium baseos ovatz superante, foliis
2—3-pinnatifidis digitalibus.
Leucadendron elongatum. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 327*.
Berg. Cap. 27.*
Protea glomerata. Thunb. Diss..n. 8*. exclus. synon. Linnzi
et forte Burmanni. Thunb. Prod. 25. Willd. Sp. Pl... p. 509.
sec. descrip. a ‘Thunb. mutuato.
Protea thyrsoides. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 240. n. 1267. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 660*.
Has. In Africe Australismontibus. Hottentots-Holland-Kloof.
Kleine-hoot-Hoek. Gul. Roaburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb.
Banks. et Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, subramosus, sesquipedalis, glaber.
Folia (Crithmz), ad apicem rami articulive annotini conferta,
infra nulla. Pedunculus communis 3—10-uncialis, infra
bracteis distantibus, apice corymbosus. Capitula globosa,
16—20-flora, superiora precociora. Bractee scariose, laté
ovate. Calyx sericeus. Stigma clavato-oblongum.
39. S. crithmifolia, racemis simplicibus, pedunculo communi
elongato partialibusque glabris, capitulis subtrigintifloris,
bracteis glaberrimis latioribus quam longis: mucrone bre-
vissimo obtuso erecto, foliis bi-tripinnatifidis digitalibus.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 133
Has. In Africd Australi. D. Niven. (v.s. in Herb. D. Hib-
bert.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, simplex? Folia3—4-uncialia,laciniis tere-
tiusculis, callo apicis obtuso. Pedunculus terminalis, scapi-
formis, seepe infra racemum 8—10 uncias equans, bracteis
paucissimis.. Racemus scapo plerumque brevior, 8—10-florus.
Pedunculi partiales, capitulo longiores, basi dilataté, cum
processu scutelliformi racheos articulati. Capitula magni-
tudine avellanz, globosa. Calya semuncialis. Nux undique
pubescens, pedicello brevissimo, glabro, rugoso.
9. NIVENIA.
Paranomus. Salish. Parad.
Cuan. Gen. Calyx quadrifidus, equalis, totus deciduus. Stigma
clavatum, verticale. Nua ventricosa, nitens, sessilis, basi
integra. Involucrum simplici serie tetraphyllum, quadri-
florum, fructiferam induratum ; Receptaculo plano epaleato.
Hasirus. Fructices. Folia sparsa, inferiora bipinnatifida filiformia;
superiora, in quibusdam, indivisa, plana. Involucra in spicam
rariusve capitulum terminale digesta, sessilia, bracted unicd
subtensa. Flores purpurascentes.
This genus is published by Mr. Salisbury: his primary generic
character does not indeed at all differ from that which he
has given to Mimetes ; in his account of Inflorescence,
however, it is evident he understood the genus nearly as I
have here proposed it : I should therefore have adopted his
name had it appeared to me tenable; but I am disposed to
believe that he will, on reconsidering the subject, see the
propriety of relinquishing it; for the irregularity or unusual
structure, which (if I understand him) he says exists “ tot
partibus diversis,” only takes place in the leaves of a small
number
134 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
number of species; on the other hand, the flowers of allare per-
fectly regular, and that too in opposition to some of the most
nearly related genera, while the great uniformity and regu-
larity of inflorescence forms an essential part of its charac-
ter. Ihave therefore named it in honour of Mr. James Niven,
an intelligent observer and indefatigable collector, to whom
botanists are indebted for the discovery of many new species,
especially in the two extensive South-African families of
Erica and Proteacez.
+ Folia superiora indivisa, latiora.
1. N. Sceptrum, foliis obovatis lanceolatisve planiusculis margine
simplicibus, calyce sericeo villis adpressis.
Protea Sceptrum Gustavianum. Sparm. in Act. Stockh. 1777.
p. 55. t. 1. bona. Linn. Suppl. 116. (Herb. Linn.)
Protea Sceptrum. Thunb. Diss. n.12.* Prod. 25. Willd. Sp.
Pl. 1. p. 511. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 662.
Protea alopecuroides. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 240. n. 1272.
Has. In Africe Australis summis montibus Hottentots-Hol-
land. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Oss. Involucri fructiferi foliola aucta, indurata,
#2, N. marginata, foliis latioribus quam longis cucullatis mar-
ginatis, calyce sericeo villis adpressis, involucri foliolis acutis
apice glabriusculis.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Gul. Roaburgh M. D.
(v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex. Rami umbellati, stricti, glabri, rubicundi.
Folia subrotunda, partm latiora quam longa, diametro
8—10-lineari, glauca, margine cartilagineo, latiusculo, semi-
pellucido, (infima nondum visa). Spica subsessilis, sesquiun-
cialis.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu 135
cialis. Bractee subulate, concave, glabriuscule. Stylus
glaber. Stigma clava oblonga.
8. N. spathulata, foliis latioribus quam longis cucullatis margi-
natis, involucri foliolis obtusis, calyce barbato, stylo glabro,
stigmate clavato-oblongo.
Protea spathulata. Thunb. Diss. n. 58*. ¢.5. Prod. 28. Lam.
Tllust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1218 Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 533.
Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 642.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus, Platte-Kloof. D. Masson.
(v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Ons. Folia infima 2—3-pinnatifida, filiformia, canaliculata.
*4, N. parvifolia, foliis latioribus quam longis cucullatis, calyci-
bus barbatis, stylo lanato, stigmate conico-capitato.
Protea Sceptrum. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 241. n. 1273?
Protea Gustaviana. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 663? exclus.
syn. Sparm. et Linnei.
Protea spathulata. Thunb. Diss. tab. 5. quoad figuram.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. D. Masson. (v.s. in
Ilerb. Banks., Soc. Linn., Hibbert.)
Desc. Frutex ramosissimus. Rami umbellati, patentes ; ramuli
tenuissimt pubescentes. olia inferiora bipinnatifida, fili-
formia, canaliculata; reliqgua orbiculato-rhombea, frequentia,
glaberrima, diametro vix unguiculati, margine cartilagineo,
augusto, crenulato. Petiols adpressi, foliis breviores. Spice
terminales, solitariz,v.aggregatz,sesquiunciales—biunciales,
dum solitarie sessiles, dum aggregate sepe pedunculate.
Involucrum foliolis subrotundis, fructiferis auctis, induratis.
Stylus angulatus, dimidio inferiore longiore, lanato. Stigma
magnum, apice styli duplo crassius, rugosiusculum.
tt Folia
136 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
+t Folia omnia lipinnatifida.
5. N. spicata, pedunculis subumbellatis dimidio spice cylin-
dracee longioribus, bracteis subtendentibus pedunculique
ovatis, involucris inferioribus distinctis, stylis ad duas tertias
villosissimis, foliis glabris, ramis tomentosis.
Leucadendron spicatum. Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 327*.
Berg. Cap. 25.*
Protea spicata. Linn. Mant. 187.* (Herb. Linn.) Thunb. Diss.
n. 1 Prod.-25 Hila SpeP ek Wp: 511.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Hottentots-Holland-
Kloof. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Frutev erectus, ramis tenuissime tomentosis, villis pre-
terea nullis. Folia subtriternata, biuncialia, canaliculata,
callis obtusis. Peduncult terminales, quandoque solitarii,
seepiis S—5 umbellati, tomento villisque brevibus patulis
incani; bracteis alternis, numerosis, adpressis; sesqui-
unciales—biunciales. Spice sesquiunciales, usque 2+ un-
cias equantes. Involucra superiora conferta, inferiora di-
stincta; bracteis subtendentibus ovatis, acumine brevis-
simo; foliolis ovatis, acutis, fructiferis auctis, induratis.
Calyx basi villosus, ungues tomentosi, laminis breviter bar-
batis. Stylus ips& basi et tertia parte superiore glabris.
Stigma clavato-ovale. Nua ovata, cortice albo nitente te-
nuissimo ; denudata fusca, basi parum incrassata, stylo diu
terminata.
6. N. crithmifolia, pedunculis umbellatis spicas conico-cylindra-
ceas subeequantibus, bracteis subtendentibus ovatis acumi-
natis, involucris alternis : foliolis obtusis, stylis ad medium
villosis, foliis divaricatis glabris.
Protea Lagopus. And. Repos. 243.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 137
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. D. Niven. (v. s. in
Herb. Hibbert.) ;
Oss. Nimis affinis P. spicato, et forté haud distincta species :
differt tamen foliis divaricatis, lacinulis latioribus, sursum
pauld dilatatis; bracteis pedunculi paucioribus pardmque
angustioribus ; spicis pedunculo vix longioribus ; involucris
magis distinctis, foliolis obtusioribus tomento arcté adpresso ;
styli dimidio superiore glabro.
7. N. media, spicis cylindraceis pedunculo quater longioribus,
bracteis subtendentibus capitulorum lanceolato-subulatis,
involucris inferioribus subdistinctis: foliolis ovatis acutis
apice imberbibus, stylo infra medium pubescenti, foliis gla-
bris, ramis tomentosis.
Protea spicata. And. Repos. 234 ?
Has. In Afric Australis montibus, frequens. D. Niven.
(v. s. in Herb. Hibbert.)
Desc. Fruter 6—8 pedes altus (Niven). Rami umbellati,
stricti, tomento tenuissimo cinerascentes. Folia erecta;
sesquiuncialia ; inferiora biternata et subtriternata; supe-
riora trifida, laciniis lateralibus subsimplicibus. Pedunculi
terminales, solitarii, vix unciales, villosi, bracteis lanceolatis,
spatsis, erectis, tomentosis. Spice 3—5 uncias longie, in-
volucris distinctis, tamen approximatis, foliolis acutissimis,
tomento arcté adpresso. Calyx tubo tomentoso, involucro
feré ter longiore ; laminis villis brevibus, sericeis, subdecum-
bentibus, barbatis. Stylus vix ultra unam tertiam a ai
pubescens. Stigma gracile, clavatum.
8. N. Lagopus, spicis subsessilibus cylindraceis, capitulis imbri-
catis: bracteis subtendentibus: lanceolato-subulatis: invo-
VOL. X. T lucri
188 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
lucri subrotundis apice acuto barbato, stylo infra medium
pubescente, foliis’ adultis glabris: junioribus ramulisque
pilosis.
Protea Lagopus. Thunb. Diss. n. 10.* Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 510.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Gul. Roxburgh M. D.
(v. 8.)
Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami umbellati. Folia vix sesquiunci-
alia, modicé patentia, biternata. Spice solitarie, dense,
2—A unciales, pedunculo quandoque semunciali, sepé bre-
vissimo v. nullo. Bracteé subtendentes apice barbate.
Calyx unguibus tomentosis, laminis barbatis, villis longis,
numerosis, patulis, Stylus vix ad medium pubescens. Stigma
ovali-clavatum.
*9, N. mollissima, spicis pedunculos vix zquantibus, foliis seri-
ceis triternatis (uncialibus), calycis unguibus tomentosis : la-
minis barbatis.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. D. Joh. Roxburgh. (v. s.
in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Linn. Soc.)
Desc, Frutev erectus, tomentosus, incanus. Rami ramulique
tomento arctt adpresso. Folia mollissima, profunde trifida,
Jacinulis fastigiatis. Pedunculi terminales, subsolitarii, foliis
breviores. Spice subovatee, capitulis inferioribus distinctis,
bracteis ovatis acutis, involucri similibus, utrisque tomen-
tosis, imberbibus. Calycis ungues involucro feré ter Jongiores.
Stylus infra medium pubescens. Stigma gracile. Nuwz ovata,
cuticula alba nitente tenuissimé pubescente, basi incrassata
styli diu coronata; involucri foliolis coriaceo-induratis, pa-
rimque auctis, demim patulis cincta.
*10. N. capitata, capitulo communi globoso subsessili, unguibus
laminisque
Mr..Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 159
laminisque calycis barbatis, foliis semuncialibus : ramulorum
inferioribus glabris.
Has. In Africe Australis montosis, near Brant-fly’s Hill. Gui.
Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutev erectus, tripedalis et ultra. Rami umbellati,
ultimi tomentosi. Jolia biternata, canaliculata, superiora
ramulorum sericea. Capitula communia vix magnitudine
cerasi nigri, pauciflora, quandoque aggregata breviterque
pedunculata. Involucrum foliolis lanceolato-ovatis, acutis.
Stylus medio pubescens, utroque fine glaber. Stigma ovali-
clavatum.
10. SOROCEPHALUS.
Spatalle sp. Salish. Parad.
Cuar. Gun. Calya quadrifidus, equalis, totus deciduus. Stigma
verticale, clavatum. Nuz ventricosa, brevissimé pedicellata
v. basi emarginata. Involucrum subsimplici serie 3—6-phyl-
lum, definit® pauciflorum y. uniflorum: fructiferum non
mutatum. Receptaculum epaleatum.
Hasirtus. Frutices. Ramis virgatis. Folia sparsa, filiformia v.
plana, indivisa, infima rarits bipinnatifida. Ynvolucra sub-
sessilia, unibracteata, in spicam capituliformem basi nunc. brac-
teis imbricatis subtensam, congesta. J lores purpurascentes.
Erym. cweos cumulus, et xe?er, caput ; ob capitula congesta.
Oxs. Genus complectens phalanges duas facie et structura pa-
rim diversas, quarum prima habitu et inflorescentid Spatalle
proxima, diversa tamen stigmate verticali, calyceque semper
regulari: secunda e speciebus inter se convenientibus capi-
tulo communi involucrato, sed discrepantibus numero
florum foliolorumque involucri partialis, nec non foliis in
quibusdam filiformibus, in aliis planis, et in unica dimor-
T 2 phis
140. Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
phis instar Niveniz: fructus in hujus sectionis duabus spe-
ciebus tantummodo observatus, in altera (foliis filiformibus)
brevissimé pedicellatus, basi obsolete. emarginata, tenuissime
pubescens ; in alter& (foliis planis) glaberrimus, sessilis, basi
angustata, profundé emarginata.
t Spica nudiuscula. Involucra 1—3-flora. Nux brevissimé pedicellata, basi integra.
Folia filiformia, indivisa..
*j, S. setaceus, involucris uniftoris, foliis setaceis incuryis|(uncia-
libus) ramulisque hirsutis.
Has. In Africa Australi. Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb.
Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami virgati, stricti, umbellati. Folia
frequentia, vix sesquiuncialia, mucrone setaceo, sphacelato :
inferiora minus incurva. Capitulum terminale, sessile, ovatum,,
magnitudine cerasi nigri. Calyx unguibus laxils tomentosis ;
laminis barbatis. Stigma. conico-ovatum.
*2, S, salsoloides, involucris unifloris, foliis triquetro-filiformibus
incurvis (semuncialibus) glabris.
Has. In AfricA Australi. Gul. Rorburgh M. D.. (v.s. in Herb.
Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Fruter erectus, ramosissimus. Rami glabri, ramuli
tenuissimé pubescentes. Folia frequentia, semiteretia, supra
sulcata, mucrone acuto subconcolori. Capitudum terminale,
sessile, ovatum, vix magnitudine cerasi nigri, bracteolis paucis,
brevissimis, lanceato-linearibus, subtensum. Calyx barba-
tus, villis brevibus. Stigma erectum v. partum inclinans.
*3. S. imberbis, involucris trifloris, laminis calycis acuminibusque
bractearum glabris.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. _ 141
Haz. In Africé Australi. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb. Hib-
bert.)
Desc. Fruter erectus, ramosissimus. Ramul pubescentes.
*4,
Folia glabra, uncialia, modicé patentia, pardm incurva,
supra sulcata, acut® mucronata. Cupitulum terminale, bre-
viter pedunculatum, subglobosum, magnitudine cerasi nigri.
Bractee lanceolate, ciliate, acumine subulato, glabro.
Calycis ungues barbati. Stylus strictus. Stigma ovato-cla-
vatum ; zequale.
S. spatalloides, involucris trifloris subpedicellatis, calycis la-
minis barbatis.
Has. In Africd Australi; prope Franche-hoek. D. Niven.
(v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn., et D. Hibbert.)
Desc. Frutexr erectus. Rami umbellati, tenuissime pubes-
"5,
centes. Folia modict patentia, partm incurva, vix uncialia,
juniora pilosa. Capitula solitaria v. 2—3 aggregata, breviter
pedunculata, ovata v. oblonga, magnitudine avellanz.
Bractee lanceolate, acute, pubescentes, apice quandoque
glabriusculo. Calycis lamina longits barbate.. Stylus apice
sepiis incurvo, modd rectiusculo. Stigma styli hamatipardm
inzequale; rectiusculi zquilaterale, ovatum.
tt Spica subinvolucrata. Inyolucra 4—6-flora. Nux basi emarginatd.
S. tenuifolia, foliis filiformibus (semuncid brevioribus), capi-
tulis paucifloris, calycis laminis plumoso-barbatis : interiori
nudiuscula.
Has. In Africee Australis montosis; in humidis prope Breede
River. D. Niven. (v.s. in Herb. Hibbert.)
Desc. Fruter 3—A4 pedes altus (Niven), facie Spatalle prolifera.
Rami glabri, rubicundi, vestiti; ramuli villosiusculi. Folia
imbricata,
142 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
imbricata, scabriuscula, mucrone acuto; juniora hirsuta.
Capitulum commune terminale, sessile, magnitudine pisi, e
partialibus 2—4 compositum. Involucra partialia subim-
bricata, foliolis lanceolatis, barbatis, apice glabriusculo.
Calyx profundé quadrifidus, equalis. Stylus strictus. Stigma
eequilaterale, erectum, ovatum.
6. S. lanatus, foliis triquetro-filiformibus (semuncid longioribus)
supra sulcatis, capitulis multifloris, calycis laminis omnibus
plumoso-barbatis.
Protea lanata. Thunb. Diss. n. 30.* t. 3. Prod. 26. Willd.
Sp. Pl. 1. p. 519. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 053.
Has. In Africe Australis montosis. Swartland. (v. s. in
Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Frutex erectus. Rami subumbellati, stricti, vestiti,
tenuissime pubescentes. Folia imbricata, 5—8 lineas longa.
Capitulum terminale, solitarium, sessile, globosum, magnitu-
dine avellanze majoris: partialia densissimé congesta, 5—8-
flora: Involucris 5—7-phyllis, foliolis augusto-lanceolatis,
barbatis. Calyx profunde 4-fidus, equalis. Stylus strictus.
Stigma ovatum, equilaterale, stylo feré duplo crassius.
Nu brevissimé pedicellata basique leviter emarginata, te-
nuissime pubescens, cortice tenui, rugosiusculo, fusco.
Obs. Variat foliis subtts triquetris teretibusque, scabriusculis
et levibus.
7. S. imbricatus, foliis lanceolatis subtts scabris, unguibus calycis
glanduloso-pilosis, stigmate clavato.
. Protea imbricata. Thunb. Diss..n. 45. t. 5. Prod. 27. Linn. Suppl.
116*. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1222. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1.
p- 527. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 643. And. Repos. 527.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 148
Has. In Afric Australis montibus, (vy. s. in Herb. var. et
v. in Hort. D. Hibbert.)
Desc. Fruter erectus. Rami elongati, stricti. Folia imbricata,
subtds convexiuscula venoso-striata, supra concaviuscula
levia, unguicularia, mucrone incurvo. Capitulwm terminale,
sessile, subovatum, solitarium, v. e, 2—S ageregatis compo-
situm. Involucrum commune polyphyllum, imbricatum, ca-
pitulo brevius ; foliolis lanceolatis, membranaccis, coloratis,
scabriusculis. Involucra partialia sepits quadriflora, tetra-
phylla; foliolis lanceolatis, hirsutis. Ca/yx tubo gracili, la-
minis barbatis. Ovarium barbatum. Stylus strictus. Stigma
elliptico-clavatum, hine gibbosiusculum. Nuz glaberrima,
nitens, fusca, oblonga, basi angustata concolori emarginata.
*8, S. diversifolius, foliis spathulato-lanceolatis subtis laevibus:
infimis bipinnatifidis, unguibus laminisque calycis barbatis,
stigmate cylindraceo.
Has. In Afric Australis montibus saxosis prope Goud Rivier.
D. Niven. (vy. s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., et Hibbert.)
Desc. Frutev erectus, glaber, bipedalis usque orgyalis, indi-
visus, v. bifidus, strictus, crassitie penne olorinz, supra
pubescens. Folia infima trifido-bipinnatifida, canaliculata,
biuncialia ; rediqgua imbricata, obtusiuscula, pardm concava,
vix semuncialia. Capitulum terminale, solitarium, sessile,
ovatum, obtusum, magnitudine pruni minoris.
11. SPATALLA.
Salisb. Parad.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx quadrifidus, lacinia interiore (in plerisque)
majore, totus deciduus. Stigma obliquum, dilatatum. Nuz
ventricosa, brevissimé pedicellata. Invol/ucrum simplici serie
2—4-phyllum,
144 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
2—4-phyllum, uniflorum v. definite pauciflorum. Recepta-
culum epaleatum.
Hasitus. Frutices. Folia sparsa, filiforma, indivisa. Involucra
terminalia, spicata v. racemosa, unibracteata, fructifera haud
mutata. Flores purpurascentes. Anthera lacinie majoris calycis
proportionatim major, et in quibusdam unica fertilis.
+ Involucra uniflora. Stigma concavum, cochleariforme. Calyx inequalis.
*1. S. mollis, involucro diphyllo: foliolis integerrimis, foliis strictis
ramulisque villosis.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. D. Joh. Roxburgh. (v. s.
in Herb. Lambert.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus. Rami rubicundi, ramuli
graciles, erecti. Folia erecto-patentia, 7—8 lineas longa,
callo acutissimo, villis modicé patentibus sericea. Spica
sessilis, erecta, solitaria, oblongo-cylindracea, densa, race-
mosa, vix uncialis. Bractee foliacex, pedicellis dupld longi-
ores. Inwvolucrum foliolis ovatis, villosis, exteriore latiore.
Calyx densé barbatus, lamina laciniz majoris villis margi-
nalibus inflexis. Squamule hypogyne quatuor, lineares, per-
sistentes.
*2, S. pedunculata, involucro diphyllo: foliolo latiore tridentato,
spicé imbricata, pedunculo foliis longiore triquetris incurvis
basi attenuatis, bracteis sericeis involucro brevioribus.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Kleine-Hoot-Hoek.
Gul. Roxburgh M. D. (v. s. in Herb..Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Fruteaw erectus, ramosissimus, foliis ramisque adultis
glabris, junioribus sericeis. ola frequentia, fere. uncialia,
basi attenuata, erecta, supra patentia, falcato-incurva, callo
apicis
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 145
apicis obtusiusculo. Pedunculi sesquiunciales, solitarii, se-
ricei; bracteis alternis, subulatis. Spica cylindracea, pe-
dunculo vix longior; pedicellis, involucris, calycibusque se-
riceis. ;
*3. S. nivea, involucro diphyllo : foliolo latiore tridentato, spica
imbricata, pedunculo foliis breviore, rectiusculis acutissimis
bracteis foliaceis villosiusculis involucra equantibus.
Has. In Africee Australis montibus. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb.
D. Hibbert.)
Desc. Fruter erectus, ramosissimus, ramis foliisque adultis
glabris, novellis sericeis. Folia uncialia, leviter incurva, v.
rectiuscula, basi pardim attenuata. Pedunculi solitarii, sub-
sericei, bracteis alternis subulatis. Spica sesquiuncialis,
pedunculo dupld longior. Involucri foliolum exterius pro-
fundé tridentatum, dente intermedio angustiore. Calycis
laminz villis brevibus, patulis, niveis barbate.
*4, S. ramulosa, involucro diphyllo: foliolo latiore trifido, spicd
subsessili imbricata, bracteis superioribus longitudine pedi-
cellorum, foliis acuté mucronatis.
Protea foliis setaceis, floribus racemosis. Hort. Cliff. 496?
Leucadendron racemosum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed.i. p. 91? ed. ii.
p-194? Berg. Act. Stockh. 1766. p. 325.* Berg. Cap. p. 23.*
Protea racemosa. Thunb. Diss. n. 21.*? Prod. 26?
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Roode Zant Kloof.
(v. s. in Herb. Banks., Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Fruter erectus, ramosissimus; ramis virgatis filiformi-
bus, foliisque adultis glabris, novellis sericeis. Folia fre-
quentia, modicé patentia, parimque incurva, basi attenuata,
vix uncialia, supra canaliculata, subtus convexa, callo acuto
VOL. X. U mucroni-
146 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacce of Jussieu.
mucroniformi. Spica terminalis, breviter pedunculata, cy-
lindracea, uncialis, sesquiuncialis, densa, subracemosa, flo-
ribus omnibus imbricatis, ramulo uno alteroye sericeo brevi,
sepissimé stipata. Bractee omnes pedicellos pariter tomen-
tosos zquantes. Involucrum lacinia media labii majoris an-
gustiore. Calya breviter denséque barbatus, villis margina-
libus, lamine majoris arcté inflexis. St2gma cochleariforme,
papilla centrali.
*5. S. lara, involucro diphyllo: foliolo latiore trifido, racemo
subpedunculato, laxiusculo, bracteis superioribus pedicello
brevioribus.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Kleine-Hoot-Hoek. Gul.
Rowburgh M. D. (v.s.in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutexv erectus, 4—6 pedalis, (Niven) ramosus. Rami
eraciles, virgati, rubicundi, ramuli subsericei. Folia patenti-
erecta, leviter incurva, v. rectiuscula, basi attenuata, callo
apicis acutiusculo, v. obtusiusculo, uncialia, inferiora gla-
bra, superiora sericea. Racemz breviter pedunculati, solitarii,
erecti, sesquiunciales, ramulo brevi quandoque stipati.
Bractee tomentose, pedicellis fructiferis breviores ; inferiores
floriferorum subequantes. Involucra vix longitudine pedi-
cellorum, sericea, fructifera labio majore tripartito, lacinid
intermedia angustissima. Nua ovata, subsessilis, sericea,
involucro persistenti duplo longior sty/o curvato dit coro-
nata, basi barbata pilis strictis.
*6, S. bracteata, involucro diphyllo: foliolo latiore profunde tri-
fido, spicd pedunculaté imbricata, bracteis teretibus invo-
lucra pedicellata superantibus, foliis incurvis (uncialibus)
glabriusculis.
Protea
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 147
Protea racemosa. Linn. Mant. 187? (Herb. Linn.)
Has. In Africee Australis montibus. Franche Hoek. (v. s. in
Herb. Banks., Lambert., Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, 6—7 pedalis, (Niven) ramosissimus,
ramulis ultimis sericeis. Folia e basi attenuata, adpressa,
supra patentia, et falcato— v. sigmoideo-curvata, callo obtu-
siusculo, adulta glabra, recentiora sericea, quandoque ses-
quiuncialia. Pedunculi terminales, solitarii, spica sesqui-
unciali breviores. Pedicelli imbricati, inferiores involucra
zquantes, superiores iisdem pardm breviores. Involucra
sericea, labio majore szepe tripartito. Calyx unguibus to-
mento adpresso ; laminis barbatis villis modicé patentibus,
marginalibus haud inflexis.
*7. S. sericea, involucro diphyllo: foliolo Jatiore tripartito, spica
sessili imbricata: bracteis involucra subsessilia a2quantibus,
foliis semuncialibus ramulisque sericeis.
Has. In Africae Australis montibus. Gul. Roxburgh M. D.
(v. s. in Herb. Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutew erectus, ramosissimus. Rami ramulique virgati,
stricti, hi sericei, illi glabri. Fola frequentia, imbricata,
patenti-erecta, rectiuscula v. leviter incurva, supra obsole-
tissimé suleata. | Spice solitariz, vix unciales. Involucra
labio majore laciniis subulatis, media angustiore. Calyx
unguibus tomentosis, laminis barbatis.
8. 8. prolifera, involucro tetraphyllo : foliolis apice sphacelatis,
spica conico-capitata: floribus subsessilibus.
Protea prolifera. Thunb. Diss.n.27.* tab. 4. Prod. 26. Linn.
Suppl. 118. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 238. n. 1233. Willd. Sp.
Pl.1. p. 518. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 654,
v2 Has.
148
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus.* Hottentots-Holland :
Roode Zant. (v. s. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Soc.
Linn.)
Desc. Frutev erectus, sesquipedalis, bipedalis, ramosissimus.
Rami ramulique umbellati, bi subsericei, illi_ rubicundi gla-
briusculi. ola imbricata, conferta, vix unguicularia, ra-
mulorum recentiorum sericea. Spica sessilis. Bractee fo-
liacee. Jnvolucri foliola subulata, demtm glabriuscula.
Calyx densissimé barbatus, villis brevibus sericeis ; lamina
interiori duplO majori, villis marginalibus arcté inflexis.
Stigma planiusculum, papilla centrali. Squamule hypogyne
quatuor, lineari-subulate.
*9, S. pyramidalis, involucro tetraphyllo: foliolis acuminatis pe-
dicellos subeequantibus, spica erecta solitaria sessili oblongo-
pyramidali foliis semuncialibus duplo longiore.
Has. In Africe Australis montibus, prope Swellendam. Gul.
Roxburgh M. D. (vy. s. in Herb. Lambert. et Soc. Linn.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus, ramis ramulisque umbel-
10;
latis, pubescentibus. Folia confertissima, modict patentia,
stricta v. parim incurva, villosiuscula, callo acuto, mucroni-
formi. Spica densa, subuncialis. Bractee foliacez, invo-
lucra equantes. Involucra pubescentia, foliolis e latiore basi
subulatis, apice patulis, exteriori pardm angustiore. Calyx
lamin4 interiori parim majori, villis marginalibus simplici-
bus. Stigma concavum, papilla centrali. Squamule hypo-
gyne@ lineari-subulate. Receptaculum barbatum.
S. polystachya, involucro tetraphyllo : foliolis apice patulis,
spicis nutantibus aggregatis pedunculatis, foliis uncialibus
curvatis.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 149
Has. In Africe Australis montibus. Gul. Roxburgh M. D.
(v. s. in Herb. Lambert. et Soc. Linn.) ;
Desc. Frutev erectus, ramosissimus. Rami ramulique um-
bellati, rubicundi, ultimi pubescentes. Folia conferta, pa-
tula, subsigmoideo-curvata, villosa, mucrone acutissimo,
novella sericea. Spice 4—6, reficxze, sesquiunciales, brevi-
ter pedunculate, ramulis umbellatis longioribus stipate.
Bractee pedicellis ter longiores. Involucra foliolis subeequa-
libus, concavis, lanceolato-subulatis, acuminatis. Caly«
subeequalis. Stigma planiusculum, papilla centrali. Nu»
brevissimé pedicellata, tenuissimé pubescens.
“tt Inyolucra 3—4-flora, Stigma convexiusculum., Calyx subcequalis.
11. S. incurva, spicis racemosis subpedunculatis, bracteis invo-
lucro tomentoso (sub-4-floro) brevioribus, foliis incurvis,
calycibus inzequalibus.
a. Spice sept aggregate. Bracte pedicellos subequantes.
Folia feré uncialia, inferiora ramulorum glabra.
Protea incurva. Thunb. Diss. n. 22*. tab. 8. bona. Willd. Sp.
Pl. 1. p. 516. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 652.
&. Spice solitariz. Bracteze pedicellos superantes. Folia
semuncialia, feré omnia ramulorum sericea.
Has. In Africe Australis arenosis humidis subumbrosis; Roode
Zant Cascade. (v. s. «. in Herb. Banks., Lambert., Soc. Linn.
B. in Herb, Hibbert.)
Oss. I. Calyx inequalis. Stigma planiusculum, papilla cen-
trali.
Oss. II. 6. Forsan distincta species : Foliis confertissimis, pe-
dicellis involucro feré dimidio brevioribus.
*12. S. pro-
150 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
*12. S. propinqua, spicd subpedunculata, bracteis subulatis
foliaceis involucra subsessilia tomentosa subbiflora zquanti-
bus, foliis semuncialibus strictis ramulisque villosis, calyci-
bus subzequalibus.
Has. In Africa Australi. A. Auge. (vy. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Oxs. Spica biuncialis. Pedicelli brevissimi. Nux pedicello
manifesto, glabro, tenuissimé pubescens.
13. S. caudata, spica sessili, bracteis involucrisque ovato-lanceo-
latis glabriusculis ciliatis, foliis glabris acutis.
Protea caudata. Thunb. Diss. sec. ic. tab. 2.
Has. In AfricA Australi; prope Palmetta River. Masson.
(v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus ; ramis umbellatis glabri-
usculis. Folia vix semuncialia, supra canaliculata, acuta,
stricta. Spice sepe aggregate, cylindracee, dense, unciales,
quandoque biunciales. Involucra subsessilia, seepids triflora.
Calyx subequalis, barbatus. Stigma convexum. Nua te-
nuissimé pubescens.
14. 8. Thunbergii, spicd sessili, bracteis involucrisque ovato-
lanceolatis villosis, foliis calyce longioribus acutis canalicu-
latis ramisque pilosis.
Protea caudata. Thunb. Diss. n. 23.* secund. descript.
Has. In Africe Australis montosis. D. Niven. (v. s. in Herb.
Hibbert.)
Desc. Frutex erectus, ramosissimus. Folia vix semuncialia,
conferta, imbricata, stricta v. pardm incurva. . Spica cylin-
dracea, densa, uncialis, sesquiuncialis. Involucra brevissimé
pedicellata, bracteis pardm longiora, villis persistentibus.
Calyx
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 151
Calyx subequalis, laminis brevissime barbatis, subsericeis.
Stigma convexum. Nua tenuissimé pubescens, pedicello
brevissimo, crasso, glabro.
*15. S. brevifolia, foliis calyce brevioribus obtusiusculis subseri-
ceis triquetris, spicis densis, bracteis involucrisque pubes-
centibus.
Has. In Africe Australis montosis. D. Masson. (v.s.in Herb.
Banks. et D. Aiton.}
Desc. Frutewx erectus, ramis umbellatis, virgatis, pubescenti-
bus. Folia subtriquetra, supra canaliculata, patenti-erecta,
villosiuscula, subtrilinearia. Spica solitaria, sessilis, uncialis,
sesquiuncialis, rachi pedicellis bracteisque pubescentibus.
Bractee e basi membranaceé, lanceolaté, subulate. Involu-
cra brevissime pedicellata, 2—3-flora. Calyx zequalis.
Stigma convexum, papilla elevatiore. Squamule hypogyne
quatuor subulatie.
12. ADENANTHOS.
Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 28.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx quadrifidus, infra circumscissus. Squamule
quatuor hypogyne, basi persistenti calycis adnate. Prstillum
calyce longius. Stigma verticale. Nu ventricosa. Invo-
lucrum uniflorum, imbricatum, 4—8-phyllum.
Hasirtus. Frutices. Folia sparsa, in diversis varia. Flores azil-
lares, solitarii, rubicundi ; raré terminales, subaggregati, lutes-
centes.
1. A. obovata, foliis obovatis integerrimis glabris.
Adenanthos obovata. Labillard. Nov. Holl. 1. p.29.* tab. 37.
Haxs. In collibus saxosis ore australis Nove Hollandiz ;
Lewins Land. (ubi v. v.)
2. A.cu-
152 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
2. A. cuneata, foliis cuneatis sericeis apice dentato-crenato.
Adenanthos cuneata. Labillard. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 28.* tab. 36.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ore australi; Lewins Land: prope
littora. (ubi v. v.)
3. A. sericea, foliis filiformibus biternatis sericeis, floribus axil-
laribus solitariis, stylo glabro.
Adenanthos sericea. Labillard. Nov. Holl. 1. p.29.* tab. 38.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in
arenosis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
4. A. terminalis, foliis filiformibus trifidis: laciniis lateralibus
bifidis intermedia indivisd, floribus terminalibus solitariis
ternisve, stylo villoso.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi. Flinders’ Land :
in depressis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
13. SIMSIA.
Cuar. Grn. Calyx tetraphyllus, regularis, laminis reflexis.
Stamina exserta. Anthere tandem libere, primd coherentes,
lobis proximis vicinarum loculum constituentibus. Stigma
dilatatum, concavum. Nuz obconica.
Hasirus. Frutices humiles, glabri. Folia alterna, filiformia, dicho-
toma, petioli basi dilatatd. Capitula globosa, parva, terminalia,
racemosa, v. paniculata, involucro brevi v. nullo. Flosculi
flavi, glabri, unibracteati.
I have named this genus in honour of Dr. John Sims the
respectable editor of the Botanical Magazine.
*1. S. fenuzfolia, capitulis nudis, panicule ramis subunifloris
bracteolatis.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 155
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi: Lewins Land; ad
Jatera saxosa collium. (ubi v. v.)
*2. S. anethifolia, capitulis involucratis bracteolis imbricatis,
panicule ramis multifloris: ramulis capitula subaquantibus.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi ; Lewins Land ; in are-
nosis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
14. CONOSPERMUM.
Smith, Linn. Trans. vol. 4. Exot. Bot. Gart. Carp. 3. p. 198. t. 215.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx tubulosus, ringens, lacinid suprema basi for-
nicata. Anthere tres, incluse, laterales dimidiate, superior
biloba: primd cohzrentes, lobis proximis vicinarum locu-
lum constituentibus. Stigma liberum. Nuz obconica, pap-
posa.
Hasirvs. Frutices. Folia sparsa, integerrima, plana, raridvsve
Jiliformia. Spice avillares v. terminales, composite, sensim
florentes, hinc corymbosa. Flores sdlitarii, sessiles, unibracteati,
albi v. carulescentes ; Calyce deciduo ; Bracted cucullaté per-
sistentt.
Oss. Jussieu and Ventenat have referred this genus to the na-
tural order Thymelez ; but that it is a genuine Proteacea, as
Dr. Smith has considered it, is proved by the erect embryo,
the terminal style, and the estivation of the Calyx; and is
rendered evident. by its affinity to Simsia, which, with the
more usual appearance of this order, agrees with peas pet
- mum in the structure of its Anthere.
t Calycis lacinie acul@, tubo vie longiores, Conosperma vera.
1. C. ellipticum, foliis ovali-oblongis obtusis mucronulatis ave-
niis, pedunculis axillaribus.
VoL. x. x Conospermum
7
154 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Conospermum ellipticum. Smith in Rees. Cyclop.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali, prope Port Jackson ;
in ericetis aridis. (ubi v. v.)
2. C. tavifolium, foliis lanceolato-linearibus acutis mucronatis te-
nuissimé pubescentibus verticalibus, basi tortis, pedunculis
axillaribus.
Conospermum taxifolium. Simith in Rees. Cyclop.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali, prope Port Jackson ;
in ericetis. (ubi v. v.)
3. C. ericifolium, foliis subulato-filiformibus imbricatis, spicis
axillaribus pedunculo brevioribus.
Conospermum ericifolium. Smith in Rees. Cyclop.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali, prope Port Jackson ;
in ericetis. (ubi v. v.)
4. C. longifolium, foliis oblongis linearibusve planis venosis, pe-
dunculisque elongatis scapiformibus, corymbis decompositis,
calycis limbo extis pubescenti tubum vix equante.
Conospermum longifolium. Smith Evot. Bot. 2. p.45. t. 82.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or4 orientali, prope Port Jackson ;
in ericetis collibusque saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*5. C. tenuifolium, foliis lineari-filiformibus subcanaliculatis ave-
niis, pedunculisque elongatis scapiformibus, corymbis sub-
simplicibus, calycis limbo extis pubescenti tubo longiore.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or orientali, prope Port Jackson ;
in collibus arenosis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
*6, C. caruleum, foliis oblongis lanceolatisve planis venosis, pedun-
culisque
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 155
culisque elongatis scapiformibus, corymbis compositis, caly-
cis limbo glaberrimo tubo longiore.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz, ord australi: Lewins Land. (ubi
v. v.)
tt Calycis lacinie caudate. Chilurus.
*7. C. teretifolium, foliis teretibus pedunculisque elongatis, corym-
bis compositis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*8. C. capitatum, foltis linearibus elongatis tortilibus, capitulis
sessilibus e spiculis paucifloris congestis.
Has. In. Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land : in col-
libus apricis graminosis. (ubi v. v.)
+tt Incerte@ tribus.
*9. C. distichum, foliis filiformibus subdistichis curvatis, spicis
axillaribus indivisis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in
ericetis. (ubi vy. v. flor. delaps.)
15, SYNAPHEA.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx tubulosus, ringens, lacinidé suprema latiore.
Anthere tres, inclusz, laterales dimidiate, inferior biloba:
primo coherentes, lobis proximis vicinarum loculum consti-
tuentibus! Stigma filamento superiori sterili connatum !
Nua obovata.
Hasrrvus. Frutices humiles. Folia sparsa, plana, pulcherrime re-
ticulata, circumscriptione cuneiformia, lobata, inferiora ejusdem
fruticis sepits indivisa: petiolt basi dilatatd semivaginanti.
x 2 Spice
156 _ Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu:
Spice avillares v. terminales, simplices v. ramose. Flores al-
terni, solitarii, sessiles, unibracteati. Calyx flavus, ‘deciduus,
quadripartibilis. Bractea cucullata, persistens.
EryM. cvwedy, connectio, ob peculiarem coherentiam stigmatis
v. apicis styli cum filamento sterili.
*1. S. favosa, foliis oblongo-cuneiformibus indivisis trilobisque :
lobis integris, petiolis spicisque glabris, stigmate bicorni.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi ; Lewins Land : in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
2 S. dilatata, foliis apice dilatatis trilobis: lobis inciso-dentatis,
petiolis spicisque villosis, stigmate bicorni.
Conospermum reticulatum. Smith in Rees. Cyclop.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*3. S. petiolaris, foliis rameis petiolos subequantibus tripartitis :
lobis divisis planis ; infimis trilobis integrisque, spicis elon-
gatis ramosis, stigmate acuto.
Polypodium spinulosum. Burm. Ind. p. 233. t. 67. f. 1. vel
ad hanc v. ad plantam congenerem pertinere videtur.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*4. S. polymorpha, foliis rameis brevissimé petiolatis tripartitis
canaliculatis: lobis subdivisis ; infimis indivisis trilobisque,
spicis simplicibus pedunculo longioribus, stigmate acuto.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
16. FRANK-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 157
16. FRANKLANDIA.
Cuan. Gen. Calyx hypocrateriformis, limbo quadripartito, plano,
deciduo, tubo persistenti. Anthere incluse, calyce adnate!
Squame hypogyne, in vaginam connate. Nu« fusiformis,
pedicellata, apice dilatato papposo.
Hasirus. Frutex glaber. Folia alterna, filiformia, dichotoma.
Spice azillares, indivise, floribus alternis, unibracteatis, sor-
didé flavis. Pollen sphericum. Cotyledones brevissime !
This genus is named in honour of Sir Thomas Frankland, ba-
ronet, to whom English botany is much indebted, and whose
valuable observations and excellent figures of submarine
plants it is hoped he may be induced to communicate to
the public. :
* FrRANKLANDIA fucifolia. .
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in eri-
cetis humidis. (ubi v. v.)
17. SYMPHIONEMA.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx regularis, tetraphyllus, basi cohzrens, medio
staminifer. Filamenta apice coherentia! Anthere distincte.
Glandule nulle hypogyne. Ovarium dispermum. Stigma
subtruncatum. Nua monosperma, cylindracea.
Hasirtus. Suffrutices v. Herbz glabre, pilisve raris glandulosis.
Folia tripartita, lobis divisis ; inferiora opposita! Spicz ter-
minales et e summis alis, simplices. Flores alterni, sessiles,
unibracteati. Calyx flavus, deciduus. Bractex cucullate, per-
sistentes.
*1. S. palu-
158 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
#1, S. paludosum, laciniis foliorum subulatis semiteretibus, rachi-
bus bracteisque glaberrimis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali ; prope Port Jackson :
in ericetis paludosis. (ubi v. v.)
*2. S. montanum, laciniis foliorum planis linearibus uninervibus,
rachibus bracteisque pubescentibus pilis glandulosis bre-
vissimis.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ora orientali; prope Port Jackson:
in rupibus humidis. (ubi v. v.)
18. AGASTACHYS.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx regularis, tetraphyllus, basi coherens, medio
staminifer. Filamenta distincta. Glandule nulle hypogyne.
Ovarium sessile, monospermum, trigonum. Stigma unilaterale
Folia sparsa, integerrima, plana.
Hasitus. Frutex glaberrimus.
Spice numerose, terminales et e summis alis, simplices. Flores
alterni, sessiles, unibracteati. Calyx flavescens, deciduus. Pistil-
lum staminibus brevius. Bractez cucullata, persistentes.
EryM. wyacreyys spicis abundans.
Acastacuys odorata.
Has. In Insule Diemen plagis australioribus; prope Ad-
venture Bay: ubi primim a D. Nelson detecta, nuperits
lecta a D. G. Caley. (v.s. in Herb. Banks.)
19. CENARRHENES. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 36. t. 50.
Cuan. Grn. Calyx tetraphyllus, regularis, foliolis supra angus-
Stamina basi calycis inserta. _Glandule
tatis, deciduus.
quatuor
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu 159
guatuor hypogyne, staminiformes. Ovarium sessile, mono-
spermum. S¢tigma simplex. Drupa baccata.
Hasirus. Arbor glabra. Folia alterna; plana, dentato-serrata,
nitida. Spice avillares, simplices. Flores alterni, sessiles, uni-
bracteati.
Oss. Labillardiere considers this genus as most nearly related
to Lauri. Jussieu, however, has (in Annales du Musewm, v. 5
p- 224.) stated sufficient.reasons for excluding it from that
order, but has not attempted to determine its affinity. Ihave
ventured to place it in Proteacee, from the structure of its
fruit, stamina and calyx, and the only circumstance in which
it differs from them, consists in its having(according to Labil-
lardiere) four barren stamina; but even these occupy the place
of the glands or scales usually found in the order, and the re-
semblance they bear to stamina in this genus, may assist in
explaining their nature in all: nor does their being in most
cases secreting organstender this view of their origin improba-
ble ; for the function of secretion, which, as it is far from uni-
versal, must be considered as only of secondary importance in
assisting impregnation, is more frequently accomplished by
the modification of some of the usual parts of the flower
than by the production of an additional organ.
_ Cenarruenss nitida. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 36.* t. 50.
Has. In Insule Diemen plagis australioribus. Labillardiere.
(v. s. cum fructu sed floribus delapsis in Herb. D. Lambert.)
20. PERSOONIA. Smith in Linn. Trans. iv. Gert. Carp. 3.
p- 218. t 220. Pentadactylon. Gert. 1. c. p. 219. t. 220.
Linkia. Cav. Ic. 4.
Cuar. Gen, Calyx tetraphyllus, regularis, foliolis medio stami-
niferis, supra recurvis, deciduus. Stamina exserta. Glan-
dule
160 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
dule quatuor hypogyne. Ovarium pedicellatum, 1-loculare;
1—2-spermum. Stigma obtusum. Drupa baccata; Nuce
1—2-loculari !
Hasirtus. Frutices v. Arbuscule, cortice in quibusdam scarioso-
lamelloso. Folia sparsa, integerrima, sepiis plana. Pedunculi
azillares, solitarii, ebracteati, v. racemosi, unibracteati. Flores
flavi. Pedicellus ovarit in quibusdam articulatus ! Cotyledones
sepius plures !
*i. P. teretifolia, foliis filiformibus exsulsis, pedunculis unifloris
solitariis, antheris acuminatis, stylis ovario brevioribus.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi ; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) .
*2, P. microcarpa, foliis filiformibus canaliculatis, pedunculis
solitariis geminis ternisve, antheris muticis, stylis ovario ali-
quoties longioribus, stigmate cernuo.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land : in eri-
cetis paludosis. (ubi v. v.)
*3. P. pinifolia, foliis filiformibus Jaxis, spicd foliata clongata
pyramidali: foliis floralibus abbreviatis, ovario monospermo.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in ericetis et ad ripas rivulorum. (ubi v. v.)
4. P. juniperina, foliis subulatis strictis pungentibus, pedunculis
axillaribus sparsis spicisve foliatis abbreviatis, ovariis disper-
mis glabris.
Persoonia juniperina. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 33.* tab. 45.
Has. In Insulé Diemen: et Nove Hollandie ora australi, prope
Port Phillip: in ericetis aridis lateribusque collium. (ubi v.v.)
*5, P. hir-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 161
5. P. hirsuta, foliis linearibus hirsutis scabris margine recurvis,
pedunculis axillaribus, ovariis monospermis sericeis.
Persoonia hirsuta. Pers. Syn. 1. p. 118.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson:
in ericetis humidis. (ubi v. v.)
*6. P. mollis, foliis longo-lanceolatis villosis subtts mollissimis,
calycibus barbatis, ovariis dispermis glabris.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz orA orientali; prope Port Jackson:
ad ripas arenosas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.)
7. P. linearis, foliis angusto-linearibus elongatis glabris, pedun-
culis erectis calycibusque pubescentibus, pedicello ovarii
inarticulato, caule arborescenti: cortice levi.
Persoonia linearis. And. Repos. 77. Vent. Malmais. 32. Sims.
Bot. Mag. 760. Pers. Syn. 1. p. 118.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in campis et collibus. (ubi v. v.)
*8. P. lucida, foliis lanceolato-linearibus elongatis glabris, pedun-
culis erectis calycibusque pubescentibus, pedicello. ovarii
inarticulato, caule arborescenti: cortice scarioso-lamelloso.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson:
in montosis ad ripas fluviorum. .D. Fer. Bauer. (v. s.)
9. P. virgata, foliis linearibus oblongo-linearibusve sparsis ver-
ticalibus glaberrimis margine levibus, pedunculis erectis
calycibusque glabris, caule arborescenti: cortice levi.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Sandy Cape:
in arenosis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
VOL. X. Y *10. P. fleai-
162 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
*10. P. flevifolia, foliis lanceolato-linearibus mucronatis confer-
tis basi tortis utrinque levibus punctis crystallinis mican-
tibus; marginibus scabris, calycibus glabris, caule fru-
ticoso.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: ad
latera saxosa collium. (ubi v. v.)
*11. P. scabra, foliis lineari-lanceolatis mucronatis utrinque sca-
bris punctis crystallinis aliisque minutissimis opacis con-
spersis, calycibus pubescentibus.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi ; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*12. P. spathulata, foliis lanceolato-spathulatis mucronatis con-
caviusculis utrinque scaberrimis punctis crystallinis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Lewins Land : in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*13. P. nutans, foliis linearibus levibus, pedunculis axillaribus
recurvis calycibusque glabris.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in sylvis solo arenoso, ad radices montium. (ubi v. v.)
*14. P. falcata, foliis elongato-lanceolatis basi attenuatis sub-
petiolatis falcatis aversis coriaceis, antheris acuminatis, caule
arborescenti: cortice lamelloso.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord orientali; Endeavour River:
Jos. Banks, bart.: septentrionali, Carpentaria ; prope littora.
(ubi v. v. cum fruct. matur. flor. delaps.)
15. P. lanceolata, foliis lanceolatis ellipticisve mucronatis glabris
levibus,
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 163
levibus, pedunculis axillaribus unifloris, calycibus pube
adpressd subsericeis, pedicello ovarii inarticulato.
Persoonia lanceolata. And. Repos. 74. Pers. Syn. 1. p. 118.
f. Persoonia latifolia. And. Repos. 280?
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali ; prope Port Jackson:
in campis ericetisque, prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
16. P. salicina, foliis lanceolato-oblongis inequilateralibus aversis,
racemis lateralibus pedunculisve axillaribus unifloris, caly-
cibus glabriusculis, caule arborescenti: cortice scarioso-
lamelloso.
Linkia levis. Cavan. Ic. 4. p. 61. ¢t. 389? an varietas P. lan-
ceolate ?
Persoonia salicina. Pers. Syn. 1. p. 118.
Has. In Nove. Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in campis collibus et sylvis. (ubi v. v.)
17. P. ferruginea, foliis ellipticis equilateralibus venosis adversis,
pedunculis axillaribus multifloris calycibusque ferrugineo-
tomentosis, caule erecto.
Persoonia Jaurina. Pers. Syn. 1. p. 118.
Persoonia ferruginea. Smith. Exot. Bot. 2. p. 47. t. 83.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson:
in campis. (ubi y. v.)
*18. P. prostrata, foliis ovalibus obtusis margine pubescenti-
bus, pedunculis axillaribus uni-v. paucifloris, caule procum-
bente.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or4 orientali; prope Sandy Cape ; in
arenosis prope littora. (ubi v.v. cum fruct, matur. flor. delaps.)
¥2 *19. P. ellip~
164 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
*19. P. elliptica, foliis ellipticis venosis, racemis lateralibus,
calycibus glabris, pedicello ovarii articulato.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: ad
latera saxosa collium. (ubi v. v.)
*20. P. articulata, foliis elongato-lanceolatis equilateralibus gla-
bris, racemis lateralibus pedunculisve unifloris, calycibus
glabriusculis, ovarii pedicelli articulo inferiore glandulas
hypogynas equante.
Has. In Nove Hollandie or4 australi; Lewins Land : in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
21. P. longifolia, foliis elongato-linearibus falcatis, racemis late-
ralibus pedunculisve unifioris, calycibus pube adpressé tectis,
ovarii pedicelli articulo inferiore glandulis hypogynis -lon-
giore.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land : in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
22. P. graminea, foliis rameis linearibus longissimis margine re-
curvis, racemis secundis multifloris, calycibus glabris, caule
suffruticoso abbreviato.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land; ad
ripas arenosas stagnorum. (ubi v. v.)
21. BRABEIUM.
Linn. Gen. Pl. 1. n. 85. Mant. 168. ed. Schreb. n. 1580.
Cuar. Gen. Calya tetraphyllus, regularis. Stamina basi calycis
inserta. Vaginulahypogyna. Ovarium sessile. Stigma ver-
ticale. Drupa exsucca, monosperma, putamine osseo.
HaBitvs.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 165
Hasrrvs. Arbor. Folia (Theophrasti,) verticillata, serrato-dentata.
Spice azillares, floribus fasciculatis, ternis plurisbusve, bracted
communi subtensis, plerisque masculis pistillo imperfecto.
Braseium stellatifolium.
Arbor hexaphylla zthiopica, foliis circa caulem ad intervalla
senis. Pluk. Alm. 47. t. 265. f. 3.
Amygdalus zthiopica fructu holosericeo. Breyn. cent. 1. t. 1.
Brabejum. Hort. Cliff. 36. Roy. Lugd. Bat.400.
Brabejum stellatifolium, Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. i. p. 121. ed. ii.
p- 177... Mant. p. 332.*
Brabyla. Mant. p. 137.*
Brabeium stellulifolium. Linn. Syst. Veg. xiii. p. 764. Houtt.
Nat. Hist. par. 2. t. 6. p. 424. tab. 37. ed. Germ. t. 4. p. 647.
t. 37. f. 1. Lam. Encyc. Botan. 1. p. 459*? LIIllust. Gen. tab.
847. Willd. Sp. Pl. 4. p. 972.
Brabeium stellatum. Thunb. Prod. 31.
Hae. In Africé Australi, prope ERow. B, Spei. (v.s. in Herb.
Banks. Lambert.)
22. GUEVINA.
Molin. Chil. 198. Juss. Gen. 424.
Quadria. Gen. Flor. Perwo. et Chil. 16. tab. 33. Gart. Carp. 3.
p- 220. tab. 220.
Cuan. Gen. Calyz tetraphyllus, irregularis, foliolis tribus revo-
lutis, quarto erecto. Anthere apicibus concavis calycis im-
merse. Glandule due hypogyne, antice. Ovarium di-
spermum. Stigma obliquum. Drupa putamine osseo, mo-
nospermo.
Hasitus. Arbor. Folia alterna, pinnata. Racemi azillares, flori-
bus geminis, pedicellatis, paribus unibracteatis. Calyx tomen-
tosus, deciduus. Drupa part carnosa, nucleo amygdalino.
Guevina
166 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
Guevina Avellana. Molin. Chil. 198.*
Nebu subrotundo fraxini folio. Feuill. 3. p. 46. t. 33.
Quadria heterophylla. Flor. Peruv. et Chil. 1. p. 63. t. 99. fa b.
Has. In sylvis et ad radices montium Chilensium. (v. s. in
Herb. Banks. a Dombey.)
23. BELLENDENA.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx tetraphyllus, regularis, patens. Stamina hy-
pogyna. Glandule nulle hypogyne. Ovarium dispermum.
Stigma simplex. Samara? aptera, 1—2-sperma.
Hapirvus. Frutex glaberrimus. Folia sparsa, plana, apice trifida.
Spica racemosa, terminalis ; floribus sparsis, rard geminatis.
Calyx albus citd deciduus. Ovarium cum pedicello suo articula-
tum. Samara colorata margine altero sulcato.
This genus is named in honour of Jonn BeLtenpeEN KER, esq.
whose botanical merits are established by an excellent Essay
on Ensata, published in the Annals of Botany, and by his
elaborate disquisitions on the Genera of that and other mo-
nocotyledonous families, in the latter volumes of the Botani-
cal Magazine.
BELLENDENA montana.
Has. In Insulé Diemen: in summis montibus. (ubi v. v.)
24. ANADENITA.
Cuan. Gen. Calyx tetraphyllus, apicibus concavis staminiferis.
Anthere immerse. Glandule nulle hypogyne. Ovarium
dispermum. Stigma conicum. Folliculus unilocularis, abor-
tione monospermus. Semen apterum.
Havirus. Frutices. -(Grevilleis affines:) pube dum adsit medio
affivd. Folia pinnatifida v. lobata, circumscriptione cuneiformia.
Spice
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 167
Spice terminales, v. laterales, floribus geminatis, paribus uni-
bracteutis, summis quandoque precocioribus |
Erym. «@ priv. et ed glandula.
*1, A. pulchella, foliis pinnatifidis pilosiusculis: lobis cuneiformi-
bus apice trifidis v. inciso-pinnatifidis, folliculis viscidis.
Haz. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in
collibus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*2. A. trifida, foliis cuneiformibus triplinervibus aveniis trifidis
(unguicularibus) subtis argenteis: lobis integerrimis laterali-
busve 2—3-dentatis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in syl-
vis solo arenoso. (ubi v. v.)
Oxs. Forte generis distincti, ob calycem irregularem, stigma
paulld diversum, et folliculum ligneum bipartibilem.
*3. A. ilicifolia, foliis cuneiformibus (uncialibus) venosis subtis
argenteis basi attenuatis extra medium pinnatifido-incisis.
Haz. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Flinders’ Land: in
arenosis prope littora. (ubi v. v. floribus nexpansis absque
fructu.)
25. GREVILLEA.
Cuar.Gen, Calyz irregularis foliolis laciniisve secundis, apicibus
cavis staminiferis. Anthere immerse. Glandula unica hy-
pogyna, dimidiata. Ovarium dispermum. Stigma obliquum,
depressum (raré subverticale, conicum). Folliculus unilocu-
laris, dispermus, loculo centrali. Semina marginata v. apice
brevissimé alata.
Hasrrtvus. Frutices rard Arbores, pube dum adsit medio affixd.
Folia alterna, indivisa v. pinnatifida. Spicze modo elongate race-
mosc, modo abbreviate corymbose v. fasciculiformes, involucro
nullo,
168
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
nullo, pedicellis geminatis, rar pluribus fasciculisve unibractea-
tis. Calyces sepissimé rubicundi, nunc flavi; in quibusdam
oblique inserti. Folliculi vel coriacei, ovati, stylo toto coronati ;
seminibus ovalibus angustissimé marginatis et apice brevissimeé
alatis: hgnei, vel subrotundi, pseudo-bivalves basi tantum styl
mucronati; seminibus undique alatis.
This extensive genus, of which a few of the least remarkable
species have been already published as Embothriums by Dr.
Smith, Cavanilles, and others, I have dedicated to the right
honourable Cuartes Francis Grevitte, one of theVice-
Presidents of the Royal Society; a gentleman eminently
distinguished for his acquirements in natural history, and to
whom the botanists of this country are indebted for the in-
troduction and successful cultivation of many rare and in-
teresting plants.
Grevillea is probably the most extensive genus of Proteacee
in New Holland, and admits of division into several very
natural sections, most of which are readily distinguishable
by more than one character, existing either in the parts of
fructification or in habit ; notwithstanding which, I have not
ventured to separate them into distinct genera, as I probably
should have done, had I been acquainted with fewer species;
but have given to each section a proper name, a practice
that may perhaps be advantageously adopted in all large
genera, where they are thus capable of natural subdivision.
It must be unnecessary to add that proper names can in
this manner be given only where the sections are perfectly
natural, and not in those eases where genera have been
subdivided from single characters, and those too of but little
importance, as in Thunberg’s division of Protea, from the
form and division of the leaves ; to which may be opposed
the
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 169
the masterly subdivision of the same genus previously given
by Linneus in the Mantissa, whose sections, though ap-
parently depending on single characters, are evidently
formed from a contemplation of the whole structure, as far as
it was then understood ; and it is remarkable that, with the
exception of the first species, with whose real structure he
was necessarily unacquainted, the rest are arranged, and even
divided -into-sections, in most cases corresponding with the
genera proposed in the present essay.
+ Folliculicoriacei, stylo toto stigmateque depresso coronati. Semina ovalia, angustissimée
marginata, apiceque brevissimé alata.
A. LYSSOSTYLIS.
Folia omnit integerrima (in plerisque marginibus refractis v. replicatis pseudo-3-nervia) .
Flores fasciculati v. in racemo abbreviato. Stylus glaber, Folliculus ecostatus.
1. G. punicea, foliis elliptico-oblongis basi subattenuatis mar-
ginibus refractis, ramulis. floriferis racemoque abbreviato re-
curvis, pistillis uncialibus, barba interiore calycis oblonga
dimidium inferiorem unguium zquante.
FEmbothrium sericeum 6. Smith. New Holl. 27. t.9. f. 5. B.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson:
in ericetis subhumidis. (ubi v. v.)
*2. G. dubia, foliis ellipticis marginibus refractis, ramis ramulis-
que tomentosis, floriferis racemoque abbreviato recurvis,
pistillis uncia brevioribus.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord orientali ; prope Port Jackson:
‘in saxosis subhumidis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
Oss. Nimis affinis preecedenti.
VoL, x. Zz 3. G, se-
170 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
3. G. sericea, foliis ellipticis oblongisve obtusis mucronatis mar-
ginibus refractis, ramulis floriferis erectis, racemis abbreviatis
recurvis, pistillis semuncialibus, barb interiori calycis di-
midio inferiore unguium breviore.
Embothrium sericeum. Smith. New Holl. 25. t. 9. f. 1, 2,3, 4.
Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 539. And. Repos. 100. Sims. in Bot.
Mag. 862.
iio dikien cytisoides. Cav. Ic. 4. p. 60. ¢. 386. f. 2.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali ; prope Port Jackson:
in saxosis prope littora marina et ad rivulorum ee
(ubi v. v.)
4. G. linearis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis acutis mucronatis margi-
nibus refractis, racemis abbreviatis erectiusculis, stylis apice
glaberrimis.
Embothrium linearifolium. Cavan. Ic. 4. p. 59. t. 386. f. 1.
Embothrium lineare. And. Repos. 272. [
Embothrium sericeam y. Smith. New Holl. 27. t. 9. f.6.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali ;_ prope Port dagkson : :
in saxosis presertim prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
*5. G. stricta, foliis hiteadae Rieedriiens acutis mucronatis mar-
ginibus refractis costaque denticulato-scabris, stylis apice
sericeis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali ; prope Port Jackson:
ad ripas saxosas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.)
*6. G. riparia, foliis elongato-linearibus marginibus refractis cos-
taque levibus, stylis apice glaberrimis, pistillis quadriline-
aribus: pedicello ovarium superante, barba interiori, calycis
densa.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 171
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or4 orientali ; prope Port Jackson :
ad ripas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.)
*7. G. parviflora, foliis subulato-linearibus marginibus refractis
costaque levibus, ramulis glabriusculis, calycibus ferrugineis
barba interiori obsoletd, pistillis bilinearibus: pedicello
ovarium vix zquante.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz orA orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in fruticetis a Jittore remotis. (ubi v. v.)
*8. G. juniperina, foliis subulatis fasciculatis divaricatis margini-
bus refractis, ramulis villosis teretiusculis, pistillis semunci-
alibus pedunculo partiali quadrupld longioribus.
Has- In Nove Hollandie ord orientali ; prope Port Jackson:
in ericetis rarids.. D. G. Caley, §& A. Gordon. (v. 8.)
*9. G. australis, foliis lanceolato-subulatis uncia brevioribus mar-
- gine subrecuryis, supra pube decidua conspersis subtus se-
riceis, ramis ramulisque tomentosis teretibus.
Has. In Insul4 Diemen; plagis australioribus: ad fluviorum
ripas. (v. v. absque flor. v. fruct.)
*10. G. tenuifolia, foliis subulatis margine revolutis uncid brevi-
oribus, fasciculis sessilibus, pistillis bilinearibus.
Has. In Insula Diemen; prope Port Dalrymple: ad Shan
saxosas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.)
*11. G. pauciflora, foliis lineari-oblongis planiusculis obtusis mu-
cronulatis supra levibus subtis subsericeis: inferioribus
glabriusculis, fasciculis 2-4-floris erectis, calycibus nudtus-
culis pistillum subzquantibus. ) bts ah
z2 Has,
172 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz orf australi; Flinders’ Land: in
depressis apricis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
*12. G.aspera, foliis lineari-oblongis obtusis mucronulatis supra
punctato-asperis subtis argenteis, racemis abbreviatis recur-
vis, stylis brevissimis, stigmate cochleariformi.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Flinders’ Land : in
ericetis aridis. (v. v. flor. delaps. fruct. matur.)
*13. G. concinna, foliis linearibus marginerevolutis levibus erectis,
racemis recurvis secundis multifloris, ovariis lanatis, stylis
glaberrimis calyce subsericeo dupld longioribus.
Oss. A reliquis sectionis facie differt.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in ste-
rilibus prope littora marina. (ubi v. v.)
+ B. PTYCHOCARPA.
Folia omnia integerrima, Flores fasciculati v. in racemo abbreviato, floribus superiori-
bus precocioribus ! Stylus hirsutus v. tomentosus. Ovarium subsessile. Folli-
culus costatus !
*14. G. arenaria, foliis oblongis obtusis mucronulatis, racemis
recurvis paucifloris: pistillis tomentosis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or4 orientali; prope Port Jackson:
ad ripas arenosas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.)
*15. G. montana, foliis lanceolatis acutis supra leviusculis subtis
sericeis, floribus geminatis, pedunculis glabris calyces nudi-
usculos subequantibus, pistillis hirsutis, tomento ramulorum
arcté adpresso.
Has. In Nove Hollandi ord oriqatalis 3 prope Port Jackson :
in montosis. (v. s.) .
*16. G. acu-
Mr. Brown, on the Protéeacee of Jussieu. 173
*16. G. acwninata, foliis lancéolatis subacuminatis mucronatis
suprd punctato-scabris subtts cinereo-tomentosis, racemis
paucifloris porrectis recurvisve, pistillis hirsutis, calycibus
demim glabriusculis, ramulis pubescentibus..
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali ; prope Port Jackson :
in montosis. (v. s.)
4. G. cinerea, foliis ellipticis obovatisve mucronatis supra sca-
briusculis subtis cinereo-tomentosis,' racemis paucifloris re-
curvis, pistillis hirsttis, calycibus pedunculisque lanatis.
Has. In Nove Hollandie orA orientali; prope. Port Jackson :
in montosis ad ripas saxosas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.)
_ *18. G. mucronulata, foliis obovatis obtusis: mucronulatis supra
scabris nitentibus subtis parim sericeis, racemis abbreviatis,
pistillis hirsutis, calycibus pilosiusculis pube adpressa.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali ; prope Port Jackson :
in ericetis. (ubiv. v.)
ge
*19. G. Baueri, foliis oblongis obtusis mucronulatis utrinque
glabris levibus, racemis abbreviatis, pistillis hirsutis, caly-
cibus pedunculisque glaberrimis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz orA orientali ; prope Port Jackson :
in depressis a littore remotis. (ubi v. v.)
+ C. ERIOSTYLIS.
Folia omnia integerrima. Flores fasciculati, subumbellati. Pistillum lanatum,: pedi-
cellatum. Folliculus ecostatus.
*20. G. occidentalis, foliis lanceolatis supra punetatis scabris
subtus sericeis, fasciculis axillaribus terminalibusque, caly-
cibus
174 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
cibus utrinque stylisque land patuld cinereis, stigmate mu-
tico.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or& australi; Lewins Land: in
sylvis solo sterili. (ubi v. v.)
*21. G. sphacelata, foliis oblongis lanceolatisve supra punctis
minutis scabriusculis subtis sericeis, fasciculis terminalibus,
calycibus extus ferrugineo-tomentosis intus stylisque cinereo
lanatis, stigmate mutico.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*22, G. phylicoides, foliis lineari-lanceolatis: supra punctato-sca-
bris superioribus villosis; subtis pubescentibus cinereis,
stigmatibus ovalibus appendice duplo longioribus.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson:
in montibus saxosis. (ubi v. v.) ©
28. G. busifolia, foliis ellipticis supra punctatis scabris subtis
tomento adpresso cinereis, stigmatibus orbiculatis. appen-
dicem recurvum vix aquantibus.
Embothrium buxifolium. Smith. New. Holl. 29. t.10. Willd.
Sp. Pl. 1. p. 538. And. Repos. 218.
Embothrium genianthum. Cav. Ic. 4. p. 60. t. 387.
Hac. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; prope Port Jackson:
in ericetis saxosis. (ubi y. v.)
+ D. PLAGIOPODA.
Folia integerrima v. divisa. Racemus thyrsiformis. Pedicellus ovarii accretus apice
obliquo pedunculi, cui utrinque foliola duo calycis unum supra alterum inserta !
*24. G. Goodii, foliis integerrimis oblongis undulatis venosis
utrinque
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 175
utrinque glabris, racemis elongatis pedunculatis, caulibus
prostratis.
Has. In Nove Hollandi ord septeutrionali; Carpentaria, et
Arnhem’s Land: in depressis arenosis, prope littora. (ubi
Val Va)
*25. G. venusta, foliis pinnatifidis, v. trifidis passimque indivisis
subtus sericeis, racemis erectis, calycibus glaberrimis, stylis
hirsutissimis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Cape Townsend:
in umbrosis, ad radices montium. (ubi v. v.)
. t E. CALOTHYRSUS. (Grevictia stricté sic dicta.)
Racemus thyrsiformis. Folia pinnatifida (rard passim sani ei
*26. G. pungens, foliis pinnatifidis supra glabris subtus ar genta 3
Jaciniis subulato-linearibus mucronatis pungentibus, racemis
refractis, calycibus pistillisque glaberrimis.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord septentrionali ; Carpentaria :
prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
*27. G. Dryandri, foliis pinnatis subtis sericeis: foliolis elon-
gato-linearibus, racemis pedunculatis porrectis longissimis,
calycibus insertione subobliquis _pistillisque glaberrimis,
caule patulo.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord septentrionali; Carpentaria,
Arnhem’s Land: prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
*28. G. aspleniifolia, foliis elongatis linearibus pinnatifido-incisis
integerrimisque subtus tomentosis, racemis folio ter brevio-
ribus, calycibus pubescentibus, stylis glabris.
Has.
176 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson :
rarius. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
*29. G. Banksii, foliis pinnatifidis subtis sericeis : laciniis. elon-
gato-lanceolatis, racemis erectis zequalibus, calycibus tomen-
tosis, stylis glabris, ovariis sessilibus.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; Keppel Bay, Pine
Port, &c.: in collibus saxosis.. (ubi v. v.)
*30. G. Chrysodendrum, foliis pinnatifidis bipinnatifidisque : laci-
niis angusto-linearibus elongatis, racemis cylindraceis : flori-
bus semiverticillatis, calycibus tomentosis basi persistenti !
ovariis subsessilibus, stylis glabris.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord septentrionali ; Carpentaria :
prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
++ CYCLOPTERA.
Folliculi ignei, -subrotundi, basi styli mucronati. Semina undique alata.
*31. G. heliosperma, .foliis pinnatis subbipinnatisque glabris :
pinnis oblongo-linearibus v. oblongis : inferioribus petiolatis,
racemis divisis erectis, calycibus pistillisque glaberrimis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord septentrionali; Carpentaria:
prope littora, (ubi y. v.)
¥*32. G. refracta, foliis pinnatis passim indivisis: foliolis elongato-
linearibus subtis argenteis, racemis refractis divisis, calycibus
sericeis, pistillis glaberrimis.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord septentrionali ; ; Carpentaria :
prope littora: (ubi v. v.)
*33. G. ce-
Mr. Brown; on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 177
#33. G. ceratophylla, foliis 2-3-fidis indivisisque’ subtis nervosis
sericeis: laciniis elongato-linearibus, folliculis glaberrimis
ovalibus.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord septentrionali; Carpentaria :
prope littora. (ubi v. v. sine flor.)
*34.. G. mimosoides, foliis integerrimis ensiformibus planis nervo-
sis ramisque glabris, folliculis obovatis viscidis.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord septentrionali ; Carpentaria :
prope littora. (ubi v.-v. sine flor.)
*35. G. polystachya, foliis lineari-ensiformibus integerrimis laxis
‘subtis nervosis sericeis, racemis terminalibus alternis, pistillis
semuncid longioribus, eeerana obliquo concavo papilla
- centrali.
Has. In Nove Hollaiidie ora orientali, intra tropicum. (abi
Vv. V.)
*36. G. striata, foliis lineari-ensiformibus integerrimis strictis
subtus multinervibus sericeis, racemis terminalibus alternis,
pistillis semunciad mepDribias; stigmate verticali depresso-
conico.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord septentrionali; Carpentaria :
prope littora. (ubi v. v. sine fructu.)
*37. G. lorea, foliis teretibus! pendulis longissimis, stigmate
truncato-pyramidato.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ora orientali, prope littora ; Shoal-
water Bay. (ubi v. v. sine fructu.)
*38. G. gibbosa, foliis elongato-lanceolatis integerrimis pubescen-
Von! x.” Qa tulis
178 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
tulis uninervibus venosis, racemis clongatis, stigmate co-
nico, folliculis gibboso-incrassatis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali, intra tropicum ; prope
Endeavour River. J. Banks, bart. (v. s.)
26. HAKEA.
Schrad. Sert. Hanov. Cavan. Ic. 6. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1, p. 30.
Pers. Syn. 117. Conchium. Smith. Linn. Trans. iv. p. 215.
Vent. Malmais. 110. Gert. Carp. 3. p. 216.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx tetraphyllus, irregularis, foliolis secundis.
Stamina apicibus concavis calycis immersa. Glandula hypo-
gyna unica, dimidiata, (rard biloba). Ovarium pedicellatum,
dispermum. Stigma subobliquum,.e basi dilatata conico-
mucronatum. Folticulus unilocularis, ligneus, loculo excen-
trico, pseudobivalvis. Semina ala apicis nucleo longiore.
Hasirus. Frutices rigidi, quandoque Arbores mediocres; pube dum
adsit medio affiva. Folia sparsa, in variis varia, nunc in eodem
frutice diversiformia. Fasciculi v. Racemuli, sepits aaillares,
in plerisque involucrati, squamis imbricatis,, scariosis, caducis,
rudimenta ramulorum quandoque simul includentibus, ideoque
potis pro gemmd habendis, sed genus, unicd exceptd specie, a
confinibus, optime distinguentibus, aliis notis in quibusdam va-
cillantibus. Pedicelli colorati, in racemosis geminati, paribus
unibracteatis. Flores parvi, albi v. ochroleuci. Pistillum gla-
berrimum, stylo subdeciduo. Capsula parietibus incrassatis.
Semina nigra, raré cinerea.
+ Folia omnia filiformia.
A. Capsule juata apicem ecalcarata.
1. H. pugioniformis, foliis filiformibus indivisis glabris, calycibus
sericeis hirsutisve, capsulis lanceolatis acuminatis rectis
utringue infra medium transversim cristatis.
a, Calyces
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Fussieu. 179
w. Calyces sericei.
Banksia teretifolia. Salisb. Prod. 51.
Hakea glabra. Schrad. Sert. Hanov. 27. t. 17.
Hakea pugioniformis. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Natur. 1. p. 213.*
Ic. 6. p. 24.* tab. 533.
Conchium pugioniforme. Smith. Linn. Trans. 9. p. 122.*
Conchium longifolium. Smith. Linn. Trans. 9. p. 121.*
Lambertia teretifolia. Gert. Carp. 3. p. 213. t. 217.
8. Calyces hirsuti. Ramuli ultimi tomentosi.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in ericetis aridis, collibusque saxosis. @ forté distincta spe-
cies. In InsulA Diemen. (ubi v. v-)
*2. H. rugosa, foliis filiformibus indivisis glabris fructu pardm
longioribus, capsulis obovatis curvatis refractis utrinque
cristatis rugosis ; acumine subulato lwvi adscendenti, caule
diffuso.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Flinders’ Land: in
campis sterilibus prope littora. (ubi v. v. absque flor.)
*3. LL. epiglottis, foliis filiformibus indivisis glabris fructu duplé
longioribus, capsulis curvatis refractis utrinque rugosis ecri-
statis : mucrone adscendenti subulato carinato, seminum ala
obovata, caule erecto.
Hakea epiglottis. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 30. tab. 40.
Conchium teretifolium. Gert. Carp. 3. p. 217. t. 219.
Has. In InsulA Diemen; ad fluviorum rivulorumque ripas.
(ubi v. v.)
*4. H. nodosa, foliis filiformibus indivisis compressiusculis, cap-
2a2 sulis
180 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussiet.
sulis gibbosis obtusis nodosis seminumque ald obovatis, caly-
cibus glabris, pedunculis pubescentibus.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ora australi, prope Port Phillip ; ad
latera montium. (ubi v. v.)
Oss. Sequenti nimis affinis, an species distincta ?
*5. H. fleailis, foliis filiformibus indivisis partim compressis, corr
sulis ellipticis acutiusculis modicé convexis levibus.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi, prope Port Phillip; ad
latera montium. (ubi v. v.)
*6. H. leucoptera, foliis teretibus indivisis fructu dupld longiori-
bus, ramis erectis virgatis subflexuosis, capsulis ovatis infra
gibbosis supra compressis, seminibus albo-cinereis !
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or&-australi; Flinders’ Land: ad
margines sylvarum prope radices montium. (ubi v. v. sine
flor.)
*7. H. obliqua, foliis ieatabae indivisis, ramis tomentosis, glan-
dula hypogyna. adnata apice obliquo pedunculi, calycibus
sericeis, capsulis gibbosis subnodosis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in
ericetis aridis. (ubi v. v.)}
*§. H. sulcata, foliis filiformibus indivisis undique sulcatis diva-
ricatis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in eri-
cetis aridis. (ubi v. v. seu flor. caps. immat.)
——— t B. Capsule juxta apicem licalcarate.
*9. H. hssosperma, foliis filiformibus indivisis undique exsulcis
glabris
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 181
glabris fructu duplé longioribus, capsulis gibbosis intis ke-
vibus: calcaribus brevissimis, seminis al4 obovata: nucleo
levi basi immarginato.
Has. In Insule Diemen montibus australioribus ; inter fluvia
Derwent et Huon. (ubi v. v..sine flor.)
10. H. gibbosa, foliis filiformibus indivisis subtis basi obsole-
tissimé sulcatis ramisque subpubescentibus, ramulis pedun-
culisque hirsutis, calycibus glabriusculis, capsulis gibbosis
intus lacunosis seminis ala semiellipticA, nucleo lacunoso
basi marginato.
Banksia gibbosa. Smith in White’s Voy. 224. t. 22. f. 2. Willd.
Sp. Pl. 1. p. 536.
Banksia pinifolia. Salish. Prod. 51.
Hakea pubescens. Schrad. Sert. Hanov. 27.
Hakea gibbosa. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p.214.* Ic. 6.
p. 24.* t. 534.
Conchium gibbosum. Smith in Linn. Pidkis 9. p. 119.*
Conchium sphzroideum. Siith in Linn. Trans. 9. p. 120*?
Conchium cornutum. Gert. Carp.3. p. 216. t. 219.
- Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson:
in ericetis. (ubi v. v.)
Oxss. Calyces non penitus glabri, sed pilis paucis longiusculis
decumbentibus, sepits deciduis, conspersi.
11. H. acicularis, folis filiformibus indivisis glabris subtis infra
medium obsoleté sulcatis longitudine fructds, ramulis ultimis
subsericeis, pedunculis hirsutis calyces glaberrimos sub-
zquantibus, capsulis gibbosis subrugosis intis lacunosis.
Banksia tenuifolia. Salish. Prod. 51.
Hakea sericea. Schrad. Sert. Hanov. 27.
Conchium
182 Mr. Brown, on thé Proteacee of Jussieu.
Conchium aciculare. Vent. Malm. t.111. Smith in Linn. Trans.
Q. p. 121.
8. Conchium compressum. Smith in Linn. Trans. 9. p. 121.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in ericetis saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*12. H. vittata, foliis filiformibus indivisis exsulcis glabris fructu
dupld longioribus, capsulis ovatis convexiusculis equilate-
ralibus basi citils dehiscentibus intis lacunosis, seminis
alA obovatd, ramulis tomentosis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Flinders’ Land: in
campis sterilibus, prope littora. (ubi v. v. sine flor.)
*13. H. cycloptera, foliis filiformibus indivisis fructu dupld lon-
gioribus ramulisque glaberrimis, capsulis gibbosis intus la-
cunosis, seminibus utrinque alatis; ald inferiore nucleum
subeequante ! .
Has. In Novaw Hollandiz ord australi; Flinders’ Land: in
campis prope littora. (ubi v. v. sine flor.)
*14. H. suaveolens, foliis filiformibus pinnatifidis passimque in-
divisis supra sulcatis, floribus racemosis glabris : rachi to-
mentosa, capsulis gibbosis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi ; Lewins Land : in sax-
osis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
tt Folia pleraque filiformia, aliqua plana.
*15. H. microcarpa, foliis integerrimis glabris: rameis teretibus ;
infimis planis, calycibus pedunculisque glaberrimis, capsulis
bicalcaratis umbellatis folio multoties brevioribus.
Hak. In Insulaé Diemen ; ad ripas saxosas fluviorum. (ubi v. v.)
16. H. tri-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 183
16. H. trifurcata, foliis filiformibus 2-3-fidis indivisisve subtus
sulcatis : passim planis ovalibus integerrimis, calycibus hir-
sutis, capsulis compressis ecalcaratis.
Conchium trifurcatum. Smith in Linn. Trans. 9. p. 122.*
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in
campis sterilibus. (ubi v. v.)
17. U1. varia, foliis superioribus filiformibus divisis stmplicibus-
que: inferioribus planis pinnatifidis laciniis linearibus su-
bulatisve, capsulis bicalcaratis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Lewins Land: in
campis sterilibus. (ubi v. v. sine flor.)
_ ttt Folia omnia plana.
A. Folia aliqua v. omnia dentata v. incisa.
¥*18, H. attenuata, foliis cuneatis apice dentatis pinnatifidisve:
passim lanceolatis integerrimis basi attenuatis, capsulis
bicalcaratis.-
Has. In Nove Hollandiz orA australi; Lewins Land : in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v. sine flor.)
*19. H. linearis, foliis lanceolato-linearibus spinuloso-pauciden-
tatis integerrimisque aveniis impunctatis, ramulis pedun-
culoque communi glabris, fasciculis terminalibus axillari-
busque, capsulis bicalcaratis compressiusculis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land; in
campis sterilibus. (ubi v. v.)
*20. H. florida, foliis angusto-lanceolatis spinuloso-dentatis, mi-
nutissimé punctatis marginibus scabriusculis, ramulis pedun-
-culoque communi brevissimo pubescentibus, capsulis bical-
caratis convexiusculis.
Has,
184 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: ad
latera collium. (ubi v. v.)
21. H. ilcifolia, foliis circumseriptione ovalibus opacis sinuato-
dentatis spinulosis subpetiolatis, ramis tomentosis, cap-
sulis bicalcaratis ovatis gibbosis apice compressis intts
scrobiculatis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus sterilibus. (ubi v. v.)
*22. H. nitida, foliis lanceolatis oblongisve basi attenuatis spinu-
loso-paucidentatis integrisque nitidis subvenosis ramulisque
glaberrimis, capsulis bicalcaratis gibbosiusculis intus levius-
culis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v. absque flor.)
*23. H. amplewvicaulis, foliis sinuato-dentatis nitidis subvenosis :
basi dilataté cordata amplexicauli, caule prostrato, ramis
glabris, capsulis ecalcaratis. ;
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus sterilibus. (ubi vy. v. sine flor.)
#24, TH. prostrata, foliis angulato-dentatis apice dilatatis cunea-
tis: basi cordaté amplexicauli, caule prostrato, ramis pu-
bescentibus, capsulis ecalecaratis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in
collibus sterilibus. (ubi v. v.)
25. H. ceratophylla, foliis pmnatifidis bipinnatifidisve linearibus
planis, calycibus ferrugineo-tomentosis, capsulis ecalcaratis.
Conchium
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 183
Conchium ceratophyllum. Smith. Linn. Trans. 9. p. ¥24.*
Has. In Nove Hollandiw ord australi; Lewins Land: in
campis collibusque. (ubi v. v.)
*26. Hy undulata, foliis obovatis trinervibus reticulato-venosis
undulatis spinoso-dentatis, capsulis ecalcaratis tumidis,
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v. sine flor.)
ttt B. Folia omnia integerrima.
27. H. oleifolia, foliis lanceolatis integerrimis uninervibus obsoleté
venosis mucronulo spinoso: superioribus pubescentibus, ra-
mulis tomentosis, capsulis terminalibus bicalcaratis gibbosis.
Conchium oleifolium. Smith. Linn. Trans. 9. p. 124.*
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in
campis et collibus (ubi v. v.) |
28. H. saligna, foliis elongato-lanceolatis integerrimis uninervi-
bus acutis apiculo sphacelato; omnibus ramulisque glaber-
rimis, capsulis axillaribus gibbosis: apice compresso utrin-
que carinato.
Embothrium salignum. And. Repos. t. 215.
Conchium salignum. Smith. Linn. Trans. 9. p. 124.*
Conchium salicifolium. Gert. Carp. 3. p. 217. t. 219.
Has. In Nove Hollandie or4 australi; Lewins Land: in
ericetis elevatioribus. (ubi v. v. sine flor.)
*29. H. marginata, foliis lanceolatis integerrimis marginatis uni-
nervibus (uncid brevioribus) mucrone spinoso: summis pu-
bescentibus, capsulis ecalcaratis acuminatis nitidis sub-
sessilibus.
VOL. X. 2B Hap.
186 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Has. In Nove Hollandie orf australi; Lewins Land: in
ericetis clevatioribus. (ubi v. v. sine flor.)
30. H. ruscifolia, foliis ellipticis obovatisve petiolatis integerrimis
spinoso-cuspidatis supra punctato-scabris subtus tomentosis,
ramulis hirsutis, capsulis ecalcaratis punctatis scabriusculis.
&. Hakea ruscifolia. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 30.* t. 39.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: ad la-
tera collium. (ubi y. v. sine flor.)
*31. H. cinerea, foliis lineari-lanceolatis elongatis integerrimis
trinervibus obsoleté venosis scabriusculis apiculo sphacelato,
ramulis squamisque involucri tomentosis, capsulis lanceolatis
acuminatis subcompressis ecalcaratis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in are-
nosis prope littora. (ubi v. v. sine flor.)
32. H. dactyloides, foliis integerrimis triplinervibus venosis obo-
vato-oblongis v. lineari-lanceolatis aversis, ramulis angulatis,
pedicellis pilosis, calycibus glabris, capsulis ecalcaratis : cor-
tice verrucoso. ‘
#. Folia obovato-oblonga, passim lanceolata, venis anastomo-
zantibus.
Banksia dactyloides. Gert. Sem. 1. p. 221. t. 47. f. 2. Lam.
Tilust. Gen. 1. p. 242. n. 1279. t. 54. f. 3. a Geert. mutuat.
Banksia oleefolia. Salish. Prod. 54.
Hakea dactyloides. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 215. Ic. 6.
p. 25. t. 535.
Conchium dactyloides. Vent. Malm. t.110. Smith. Linn. Trans.
Q. p. 123. Le
Conchium
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 187
Conchium nervosum. Gert. Carp. 3. p. 217. t. 219.
8B. Folia lineari-lanceolata, venis obsoletis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson:
a. in saxosis prope littora. @. ad ripas fluviorum in regione
montana. (ubi v. v.)
33, H. elliptica, foliis integerrimis quinquenervibus reticulato-
venosis ellipticis ovalibusve muticis, pedicellis calycibusque
glabris, capsulis ecalcaratis acutis gibbosis: cortice nitido.
Conchium ellipticum. Smith. Linn. Trans. 9. p. 123.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
$4. H. clavata, foliis integerrimis lingulatis cartilagineo-carnosis
mucronatis enervibus, floribus racemosis glabris, capsulis
bicalcaratis. _
Hakea clavata. Labill. Nov. Holl.1. p 31.* t. 41.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Lewins Land; in col-
‘libus saxosis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
*35. H. arborescens, foliis integerrimis lingulatis linearibusve ob-
soleté nervosis muticis, involucris nullis! umbellis pedun-
culatis, pedicellis calycibusque tomentosis, capsulis ecalca-
ratis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz os septentrionali; Carpentaria: in
apricis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
Oss. Species unica tropica et gemmis floralibus nudis.
27. LAMBERTIA.
Smith. Linn. Trans. 4. p. 214. Cavan. Ic. 6. p. 31.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx tubulosus, quadrifidus, laciniis spiraliter re-
2B2 volutis.
188 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussicu.
volutis, Stamina laciniis inserta. Squamule hypogyne 4,
distinctee v. in vaginulam connate. Ovariwm dispermum.
Stigma subulatum. Folliculus unilocularis, coriaceo-ligneus.
Semina marginata. Involucrum 1—7-florum, imbricatum,
deciduum. Receptaculum planum, epaleatum.
Hasirus. Frutices pulcherrimi, ramis verticillutis. Folia terna,
sepits integerrima. Involucra terminalia, solitaria, colorata, in
plerisque septemflora,raro uniflora. Folliculi subcuneati, apice
hinc cuspidati, inde bicornes v. mutici, quandoque echinati.
*1. L, uniflora, involucris unifloris, foliis obovatis mucronatis
glabris reticulatis, folliculis hinc cuspidatis inde ecornibus.
Has. In Nove Hollandiew ord australi; Lewins Land: prope
littora saxosa sinuum. (ubi v. v.)
*2. L. inermis, involucris septemfloris : foliolis interioribus cal ycis
dimidio brevioribus, stylis glabris, folliculis hinc cuspidatis
inde ecornibus, foliis oblanceolatis obovatisque muticis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: ad la-
tera saxosa collium. (ubi v. v.)
3. L. formosa, involucris septemfloris ; foliolis interioribus caly-
cem equantibus, stylis pilosis, folliculis hinc cuspidatis inde
bicornibus, foliis lineari-lanceolatis cuspidato-mucronatis
margine revolutis.
Lambertia formosa. Smith. Linn. Trans. tab.20. And. Repos. 69.
Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 233.* Ic. 6. p. 31.* t. 547.
Protea nectarina. Wendel. Sert. Hanov. fasc. 4. p. 5. t. 21.
~ Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in ericetis saxosis, (v. v.)
4. L? echi-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 189
#4, I,? echinata, foliis linearibus glabris reticulatis apice dilatato-
lobato | mucronate, folliculis bicornibus undique echinatis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land : ad la-
tera saxosa collium. (ubi v. v. absque flor.)
28. XYLOMELUM. —
Smith. Linn. Trans. 4. p. 214.
Cnar. Grn. Calye tetraphyllus, regularis, foliolis apice revolu-
tis. Stamina inserta supra medium foliolorum, iisque recur-
vatis exserta. Glandule quatuor hypogyne. Ovarium di-
spermum. Stylus deciduus, Stigma verticale, clavatum, ob-
tusum. Folliculus incrassato-ligneus, unilocularis, loculo ex-
centrico. Semina apice alata. :
Hazirus. Arbor. Folia opposita, adulta integerrima, plante juve-
nilis dentata. Spice avillares, opposite, amentacee, florum pari-
bus unibracteatis, infimis solim perfectis, reliquis ovario desti-
tutis stigmateque minore abortientibus. Folliculus wnicus
tantim maturescens, obpyriformis, tomentosus, crassissimus, intis
suturd dehiscens, inde siccatione partibilis.
XYLOMELUM pyriforme.
Banksia pyriformis. Gert. Sem. 1. p. 220. t. 47. f.1. fructus.
Lam. Lllust. Gen. 1. p. 242. n. 1278. t. 54. f. 4. a Gert.
mutuat. White. Voy. 224.
Hakea piriformis. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p.217.* Ic. 6.
p. 25." t.536. )
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in campis et collibus saxosis. (ubi v. v-)
29. ORITES.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx tetraphyllus, regularis, foliolis apice recurvis.
Stamina inserta supra medium foliolorum, iisque recurvatis
exserta,
190 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
exserta. Glandule quatuor hypogyne. Ovarium sessile, di-
spermum. Stylus strictus. Stigma obtusum, verticale. Folli-
culus coriaceus, unilocularis, loculo subcentrali. Semina apice
alata.
Hasrrus. Frutices. Folia alterna, integerrima v. dentata. Spice
avillares v. terminales, breves, florum paribus unibracteatis omni-
bus hermaphroditis.
EryM. Ogeiryg monticola. Hi Frutices enim in summis mon-
tibus crescunt.
*1, O. diversifolia, foliis planis lanceolatis dentatis integerrimisve
subts tomentosiusculis, folliculis sutura truncata leviterve
excisa.
Has. In Insule Diemen summis montibus. (ubi v. v.)
*2, O. revoluta, foliis ‘margine revolutis linearibus integerrimis
subtus incano-tomentosis, folliculis sutura rotundata.
Has. In Insule Diemen summis montibus. (ubi v. v. absque
flor.)
30. RHOPALA.
Schreb. Gen. Pl. 144. Roupala. Aubl. Guian. 1. p. 83. £. 32.
Gert/Carp. 3: p.' 212: -¢. 217.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx tetraphyllus, regularis, foliolis apice recurvis.
Stamina supra medium foliorum inserta, lisque recurvatis ex-
serta. Squamule hypogynz quatuor, distincte v. connate.
Ovarium dispermum. Stylus persistens. Stigma verticale,
clavatum. Follicudus unilocularis, ligneo-coriaceus. Semina
utrinque alata, marginata, nucleo centrali.
Hasrrus. Arbores. Folia alterna, rard verticillata, simplicia in-
tegerrima v. dentata, rarits pinnata v. ternata, in eodem ramo.
Spice
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 191
Spice avillares, guandoque terminales, racemosa, floribus ge minis
paribus unibracteatis.
1. R. montana, foliis alternis integerrimis ovatis complicatis bre-
viter acuminatis reticulato-venosis racemo axillari breviori-
bus, pedunculis cum calycibus APRA ferrugineo-tomen-
tosis.
Roupala montana. Aublet. Guian. 1. p. 83. ¢t. 32. Lam. LIllust.
Gen. 1. p. 245. t. 55. Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 6. p. 316.*
Rupala montana. Vahl. Symb. 3. p. 20. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 536.
Gart. Carp, 3. p..212. t. 217.
Has. In Americe Aiquinoctialis rah ien Gallica.. Aublet.
(v. s. in Herb. Aubl., nunc in Mus. Banks.)
*2, R. media, foliis alternis integerrimis “Ovatis planis acuminatis
petiolum decurrentibus immerse venulosis racemo axillari
brevioribus, pedicellis calycibusque pubescentibus, ovariis
tomentosis.
Has. In Americe. oeinecrali Guiana Gallet. Tul. V. Rohr.
(v. 8 s. in Herb. Banks.)
3. R. natida, foliis alternis integerrimis ellipticis breviter acumi-
natis planis racemum axillarem subequantibus, pedicellis
cum calycibus ovariisque glabris.
Ropala nitida. Rudge, Guian. 1. p. 26. t. 39.
Has. In Americe xquinoctialis Guiand Gallicd. Jos. Martin.
(v. s.in Herb. Banks. et Lambert.)
*A. R. moluccana. foliis alternis integerrimis ellipticis planis venu-
losis subreticulatis spicd longioribus, pedicellis calycibusque
glabris.
Has. In Insulis Moluccanis. D. Christoph. Smith. (v.s. in
Herb. Banks.)
5. R. co-
192 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
5. R. cochinchinensis, foliis alternis ovato-ellipticis breviter acu-
minatis planis extra medium subserratis racemum axillarem
subzquantibus, pedicellis cum calycibus ovariisque glabris.
Helicia cochinchinensis. Lour. Cochin. 83.* fide speciminis
ab auctore, in Herb. Banks.
Has. Insylvis Cochinchine. Loureiro. l.c. (v.s. absque fructu.)
Desc. Rami glaberrimi, teretes. Folia petiolata, glaberrima,
uninervia, 2-24 uncias longa; quandoque integerrima. Ra-
cemi solitarii. Calyx ante expansionem clavatus, clava ovali
tubi dimidio breviore et dupld crassiore. * Anthere foliolis
calycis spiraliter revolutis exserta. Ovarium brevissimeé pe-
dicellatum. Stylus filiformis, strictus. Stigma clavatum,
striatum, oblongum, equilaterale. Squamule quatuor hy-
pogyne, breves, ad medium connate, persistentes (a Lou-
reiro post lapsum calycis vise et uti calyculus quadrifidus
descriptz).
*6, R. serrata, foliis alternis laté ellipticis partm acuminatis ser-
ratis racemo axillari longioribus: basi subattenuatd inte-
gerrima ; paginis discoloribus, pedicellis cum calycibus ova-
rlisque tomentosis.
Has. In Insulis Moluccanis. D. Christoph. Smith. (vy. s. in
Herb. Banks. et Roxb.)
*7, R. dentata, foliis alternis ovato-lanceolatis complicatis den-
tatis utrinque attenuatis racemo axillari partim brevioribus :
acumine lineari, calycibus ovariisque tomentosis.
Has. In Americe equinoctialis Guianaé Gallica. D. Alex.
Anderson. (vy. s.in Herb. Banks.)
8. R. peruviana, foliis alternis ovatis serratis lanuginosis subtus
_ ferrugineis racemo axillari brevioribus.
Embothrium
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussiew 193
Embothrium monospernum. Flor. Perwv. et Chil. 1. p. 63.*
t. 98.
Has. In Peruvie montibus frigidis ; prope Panao, vicum ad
Portachuelo declivia. lor. Peruv. 1. c.
9. R. diversifolia, foliis alternis simplicibus pinnatisque venosis-
simis subtus pubescentibus racemo axillari brevioribus, folli-
culis acinaciformibus tomentosis.
Embothrium pinnatum. Fl. Perwv. et Chil. 1. p.65*. t. 99.
Has. In Peruvid; in Muna ruderatis et versuris. Flor.
-Perws. 1. c.
10. R. sessilifolia, foliis quaternis subsessilibus cuneato-oblongis
subacuminatis integerrimis, racemis terminalibus verticillatis
umbellatisve.
Roupala sessilifolia. Rich. in Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. 1. p. 106.
Poiret. Encyc. Botan. 6. p.316.* Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 537.
Ropala hameliefolia. Rudge Guian. 1. p. 22.* ¢. 31.
Has. In Americ equinoctialis Guiana Gallicd. (v.s. in Herb.
Banks. et Lamb.)
$1. KNIGHTIA.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx tetraphyllus, regularis, foliolis revolutis.
Stamina calyci extra medium inserta. Glandule hypogyne
quatuor. Ovarium tetraspermum, sessile. Stigma verticale
subclavatum. Folliculus coriaceus, styligerus, unilocularis.
Semina apice alata.
Hasirus. Arbor eacelsa. Folia sparsa, serrata. Racemi aail-
lares, floribus geminatis, paribus unibracteatis. Folliculi ob-
longi, tomentosi.
Genus proximum Rhopalz, distinctum, Seminibus quaternis,
apice solum alatis.
VOL. x. 2c This
194 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
This genus, which was discovered by Sir Joseph Banks, is with
his approbation, named in honour of his friend ''homas An-
drew Knight, esq. the author of many valuable essays on
Vegetable Physiology, published in the Philosophical Trans-
actions.
For the figure here given [am alsoindebted to theliberality of the
illustrious President of the Royal Society, who has enabled
me to complete the account of this remarkable plant, by per-
mitting me to copy Dr.Solander’s description, which Iwas the
more desirous to give, as it exhibits a specimen of the accuracy
with which subjects of natural history were investigated in
that celebrated voyage ; of whose important results it is to
be lamented so little is known to foreign naturalists, though
in this country they have ever been open to the public, and
in the most advantageous manner.
Kwicattia eacelsa. Tab. id.
Has. In Nova Zelandia; prope Telaga et Opuragi. Josephus
Banks baronetus. (v. s. folliculis vacuis sed impressionibus
seminum insignitis.)
Desc. Arbor sylvestris, magna, sepe 80 pedalis. Caudev stric-
tissimus. Ramu erecti, teretes,glabri. Ramuli ultimi parim
compressi, villosiusculi. Coma pyramidalis. Folia numerosa,
densé sparsa, erecta, petiolata, lanceolato-oblonga, (v. ob-
longa,) acutiuscula, profundé serrata, serraturis remotis ob-
tusis, plana, coriacea, rigida: superneé glabra, nitida, levia,
subtus venosa venulisque numerosissimis subreticulata, villis
copiosissimis brevissiinis densissimis. cinerascentia: 4-5 un-
cias longa. Petioli foliis sexies breviores. Racemi sessiles, axil-
lares, simplices, multiflori, ovato-oblongi, foliis duplo brevi-
ores, Seepe in ramis nudiscollocati, ubi ante decessum foliorum
axillares fuerunt, unde primo intuitu videntur quasi lateri-
bus ramorum erumpentes. nae ruberrima. Pedicelli holo-
sericel,
SE Tanne DAR? ply
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 195
sericei, ruberrimi, crassiusculi, patentissimi, semunciales, bi-
partiti, unde biflori. Calyx tetraphyllus, foliola ante expan-
sionem arcté in tubum connata, linearia, acutiuscula, ses-
quiuncialia, coriacea, extis villosa holosericea, ruberrima,
usque ad basin revoluta, eequalia, in medio pauld angustiora.
Glandule quatuor, receptaculo inter basin foliolorum inserte,
e lata basi acute, virescentes, apice rubicundze, semilineam
longe. Filamenta quatuor, unguibus petalorum adnata,
supra medium per spatium lineare libera, filiformia, plana,
erecta, rubicunda. Anthere lineares, longitudine foliolorum,
superne parim incurve, flave, ipso apice casso lanceolato.
Ovarium conicum, subangulatum, villosiusculum, rubrum.
Stylus filiformis, crassiusculus, strictus, persistens, longitu-
dine filamentorum, rubicundus. Stigma cylindraceo-angu-
latum, incrassatum, apice attenuatum, longitudine anthera-
-Trum,virescens. Folliculus oblongo-lanceolatus, stylo persistent
coronatus, coriaceus, crassus, durus, unilocularis, sesquiun-
cialis v. pauld longior, extis sericeus. Hactenus SouaANDER.
Oss. Pollen triangulare, angulis per lentem pellucentioribus,
flavum. Ovarium tetraspermum, ovulis apice alatis.
32. EMBOTHRIUM.
Embothrii species. Forst. Gen. 15. t. 8. litt. g. et seq.
Cuar. Gen. Caly@ irregularis, hinc longitudinaliter fissus, inde
quadrifidus. Stamina apicibus concavis calycis immersa.
Glandula hypogyna unica, semiannularis. Ovarium pedi-
cellatum, polyspermum. Stylus persistens. Stigma verti-
eale, clavatum. Jolliculus oblongus. Semina apice alata.
Tasrrvs. Frutices. v. Arbuscule glabre. Ramuli squamis per-
sistentibus gemmarum quandoque obsiti. Folia sparsa, integer-
rima. Racemi terminales, corymbosi, paribus pedicellorum,
2c2 unibrac-
196 Mr.. Brown, en the Proteacee of Jussieu.
unibracteatis : Involucro communi nullo. Flores coccinei, gla-
berrimi.
1. E. coccineum, foliis ovali-oblongis obtusis mueronulatis : pa-
ginis discoloribus, ramulis squamatis.
Embothrium coccineum. Forst. Gen. p. 16. t. 8. litt. g.—m.
Linn. Suppl. 128. Forst. Com. Soe. Reg. Goett. 9. p. 24. Lam.
Encyc. Botan. 2. p. 351*. Tllust. Gen. 1. p. 244. mn. 1284.
t. 55. f.2. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 537.
Has. In America Australi ad littora freti Magellanici, et in
Terra del Fuego. (v. s. in Herb. Banks.)
Oss. Pollenellipticum, levissime arcuatum, extremitate utraque
pellucentiore; fovilla majusculd globosa.
2. E. lanceolatum, foliis lanceolato-linearibus, ramis esquamatis.7-
Embothrium lanceolatum. Flor. Peruv. et Chil. 1. p. 62. t. 96.
Has. In Chili collibus et montibus altis, inter Conceptionis
urbem et Arauciarcem. Flor. Peruv. 1. c.
83, OREOCALLIS.
Embothrii species. Flor. Peruv. et Chil.
Cuar. Gen. Calyx irregularis, hine longitudinaliter fissus, inde
quadridentatus. Stamina apicibus concavis calycis immersa.
Glandula nulla hypogyna. Ovarium pedicellatum, polysper-
mum. Stigma obliquum, orbiculato-dilatatum, concavius-
eulum. Folliculus cylindraceus. Semina apice alata. In-
volucrum (racemi) nullum.
Hasitus. Frutex speciosus. Folia sparsa, integra, paginis disco-
loribus. Racemus thyrsoideus, terminalis, paribus pedicellorum
unibracteatis, Flores coccinei, glaberrimi. —
Erxym. Ogos mons, et xaAos formosus.
OREOCALLIS
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 197
Orrocattis grandifiora.>
Embothrium grandiflorum. Lam. Encyc. Botan. 2. p. 354.*
Tllust. Gen. 1. p. 244. n. 1283. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 538.
Embothrium emarginatum. Flor. Peruv. et Chil. p. 62. t. 95.
Has. In Peruvia montibus; in collibus frigidis Provinciz
Tarme. Flor. Perwv. l. c.
34. TELOPEA.
Embothrii species. Smith. Salisb.
Cuan. Gen. Calyz irregularis, hinc longitudinaliter fissus, inde
quadrifidus.. Stamina apicibus concavis calycis immersa.
Glandula hypogyna unica, subannularis. Ovarium poly-
spermum, pedicellatum. Stylus persisteas. Stigma obliquum,
clavatum, convexum. Folliculus unilocularis, cylindraceus.
Semina apice alata, ala hinc immarginataé inde vasculosd
nervo obliqué recurrenti. Involucrum (racemi v. corymbi)
imbricatum, deciduum.
Hasituvs. Frutices ramis determinatis. Folia sparsa, dentata v.
integra. Racemi terminales, corymbosi, paribus pedicellorum
unibracteatis. Flores coccinei.
Erym. rnderog qui e longinquo cernitur, quod de his frutici-
bus, floribus coccineis speciosis valet.
In this genus, as well as in Lomatia, and perhaps in all those
with an indefinite number of seeds, an extremely thin black-
brown crust is interposed between the ripe seeds, exactly
corresponding with them in size and form, and which is pro-
bably the remains of a fluid matter that had se sche them
in the unripe state.
The most important characters distinguishing this genus from
Lomatia, seem to be the single semiannular or nearly cir-
cular gland, the cohering calyx, and the vascular wing of
; the
198 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu
the seed ; for the Involucrum, which at first seems to afford so
excellent a distinction, considerably loses its importance in
Telopea truncata, in which it almost always includes the ru-
diments of branches, as in’ Hakea. In natural affinity Te-
lopea approaches much more nearly to Oreocallis, which
differs principally in having no gland at the base of the foot-
stalk of its ovarium, and in the want of an Involucrum: the
wing of the seed seems (from the figure in the Flora Peruviana)
to be in like manner vascular. Embothrium itself, which is
also very near akin to Telopea, is distinguishable by its verti-
cal stigma, oval pollen, and naked sgt.
1. T. speciosissima, foliis cuneato-obtongis inciso-dentatis venosis
cum ramulis involucrisque glaberrimis,
Embothrium speciosissimum. Smith New Holl.19. t.7. Sims
Bot. Mag. 1128.
Embothrium speciosum. Salish. Parad. 111.
. Embothrium spathulatum. Cav. Ic. 4. p. 60. ¢. 388. Gert.
Carp.8. p. 214. t. 218.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson:
locis saxosis, praesertim subumbrosis. (ubi v. v.)
2. T. truncata, foliis lanceolato-oblongis integerrimis passimque
paucidentatis subtds eee pubescentulis, involucris
extus tomentosis.
Embothkrium truncatum. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 32, t. 44.
Oss. Ala seminis in hdc apice semper rotundata in precedenti
sepils truncata observavimus.
Has. In Insule Diemen montibus australioribus. (ubi v. v.)
35. LOMATIA.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 199
85. LOMATIA.
Embothrii species. Smith. Cavan.
Cuar. Gen. Calyz irregularis, foliolis distinctis secundis. Stamina
apicibus concavis calycis immersa. Glandule hypogyne
tres, secunde. Ovarium pedicellatum, polyspermum. Stylus
persistens. Stigma obliquum, dilatatum, subrotundum, plani-
usculum. Foldiculus ovali-oblongus. Semina apice alata ;
ala marginata disco evasculoso.
Hasirtus. Frutices. Folia alterna, in plerisque divisa, v. dentata,
rarius integerrima, quandoque in eodem frutice varia. Racemi
terminales, interdum aaillares, elongati, laxi, nunc abbreviati,
corymbosi, paribus pedicellorum unibracteatis. Flores ochroleuci.
Involucrum nullum. Seminis. nucleus farind sulphured con-
spersus.
Erym. dee, margo, ob seminum alam marginatam.
1. L. stlaifolia, foliis bipinnatifidis glaberrimis : pinnulis cuneato-
_ linearibus lanceolatisve incisis acutis mucronatis reticulato-
venosis, racemis glaberrimis elongatis divisis simplicibusve.
Embothrium silaifolium. Smith New Holl. 23. t. 8. Willd.
Sp. Pl. 1. p. 537.
Embothrium herbaceum. Cav. Ic. 4. p. 60. t. 388.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in campis et ericetis. (ubi vy. v.)
2. L. ténctoria, foliis pinnatifidis bipinnatifidisve (rard indivisis)
glabris : pinnulis linearibus distichis uninervibus subaveniis
obtusiusculis mucronulatis, racemis elongatis glabris indivisis.
Embothrium tinctorium. Labdill. Nov. Holl. 1. p. 31. tab, 42.
et 43.
Haz. InInsule Diemen campis et collibus. (ubi v. v.)
8. L. fer-
200 Mr.. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
3. L. ferruginea, foliis bipinnatifidis tomentosis : pinnulis ovatis
lanceolatisve, racemo terminali foliis breviore.
Embothrium ferrugineum. Cavan. Ic. 4. p. 59.* t.385.
Has. In Americe Australis “ San Carlos de Chiloc in solo
aqua marina quandoque inundato.” Cavan. |. ¢
*4. L. polymorpha, foliis lineari-lanceolatis integerrimis v. denta-
tis pinnatifidisve subttds cum ramulis pedicellisque tomen-
tosis, racemis terminalibus corymbosis,. calycibus pilosius-
culis, pistillis glaberrimis.
a. cinerea. Folia lineari-lanceolata integerrima, marginibus
recurvis, subtus cinereo-tementosa ; folliculi semunciales.
6. rufa. Folia lanceolata v. lineari-lanceolata, incisa v. pin-
natifida, passim integerrima, subtus ferrugineo-tomentosa ;
folliculi subunciales.
Embothrii tinctorii var. Labill. Nov. Holl. 1. c.
Has. In Insule Diemen montibus australioribus. (ubi v. v.)
*5, ilicifolia, foliis oblongo-ovatis acutis spinuloso-dentatis reti-
culatis petiolisque glaberrimis, racemis terminalibus elon-
gatis. :
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; prope Port Phillip:
in campis sterilibus lateribusque montium. (ubiv. v. flor.
delaps.)
*6. L. longifolia, foliis lineari-lanceolatis elongatis glabris remote
serratis, racemis axillaribus, pedunculis calycibusque pilo-
siusculis, pistillis glaberrimis.
Embothrium myricoides. Gert. Carp. 3. p. 215. t. 218. ?
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali ; prope Port Jackson:
ad ripas saxosas fluviorum et rivulorum. (ubi v. v.)
; 7. L. den-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussiet. 201
7. L. dentata, foliis ovalibus serrato-dentatis petiolisque glaber-
rimis, racemis lateralibus abbreviatis, calycibus pilosis,
ovario tomentoso,}
Embothrium dentatum, Flor. Perue. & Chil. 1. p. 62. t. 94 a.
Has. In nemoribus et sylvis regui Chilensis. Flor. Peruv. L.c.
8. L. obliqua, foliis ovatis serratis glabris, racemis axillaribus, pe-
dicellis calycibusque pilosis, stigmate deciduo.
Embothrium obliquum. lor. Peruv. § Chil. 1. p. 63. t. 97.
Embothrium hirsutum. Lam. Encyc. Botan, 2. p. 355. Illust.
Gen. 1. p, 245. n. 1286.
Has. In Conceptionis Chili et Puchacay provinciarum monti-
bus. Flor. Peruv. 1. c.
Ozs. Ala seminis hujus et precedentis examinanda.
36. STENOCARPUS.
Emporueit species. Forst. Gen.
Car. Grn. Calyx irregularis, foliolis distinctis, secundis. Sta-
mina apicibus concavis foliorum immersa. Glandula hypo-
gyna unica, semiannularis. Ovarium pedicellatum, poly-
spermum. Stylus deciduus. Stigma obliquum, orbiculato-
dilatatum, planiusculum. Folliculus linearis. Semina basi
alata !
Hasrrvs. Frutices gluberrimi. Folia alterna, integerrima. Um-
bellz aaillares, v. terminales, pedunculate. Flores ochroleuci.
EryM. orevos angustus, et zeros fructus.
1. S. Forsteri, foliis oblongis obtusis enervibus.
Embothrium umbellatum. Forst. Gen. 16. ¢. 8. f. a.—f. Forst.
Aust. n. 60. Linn Suppl. 228. Lam. Encyc. Botan. 2. p. 352.
Tilust. Gen. 1, p. 245, n. 1285. t.55. f.1. Willd. Sp. Pl. p. 538.
VOL. X. 2D Has.
202
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacce of Jussieu.
Has. In Nova Caledonid. J. R. et G. Forster, (x. s. sine
fructu in Herb. Banks. et Lambert.)
*2. S. salignus, foliis elongato-lanceolatis basi trinervibus.
Haz. In Nove Hollandiz or4 orientali ; prope Port Jackson -
ad ripas saxosas fluviorum et rivulorum. (ubi v. v.)
37. BANKSIA.
Linn. fil. Suppl.
Cirar. Gen. Calyx quadripartitus (raré quadrifidus). Stamina
apicibus concavis laciniarumimmersa. Squamule hypogyn
quatuor. Ovarium biloculare, loculis monospermis. olli-
culus bilocularis, ligneus : Dissepimento libero, bifido. Amen-
tum flosculorum paribus tribracteatis !
Hasitus. Frutices v. Arbores, vm ercelse. Rami umbellati.
Folia sparsa, rard verticillata, integra, serrata, v. pinnatifido-
incisa, mm eodem stirpe quandoque varia; in plantd guvenili v.
mutilata sa@pe serrata, v. incisa, dum in adultd et illesd integer-
rma. Amenta solitaria, terminalia v. e dichotemiis, raré la-
teralia, bracteolis nonnullis, brevibus, angustis subtensa,, cylin-
dracea, in quibusdam abbreviata. Bractex flosculorum per-
sistentes, majores. solitaria ; minores geminata, collaterales, inte-
riores. Amenti fructifert rachis utplurimum merassata, et
cum folliculorum basibus conferruminata. Semina nigra, apice
cuneato-alata, nucleo in lacund respondente dissepomenti. lgnei
semimmerso.
*1. B. pulchella, foliis acerosis integerrimis muticis (unguiculari-
bus), calycis unguibus lanatis: laminis glabris, stigmate de-
presso-capitato..
Has.
Mr. Browx, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 203
Han. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land; in
ericetis aridis prope littora. (ubiv.v.) *
*9, 3. spherocarpa, foliis acerosis integerrimis mucronulatis (unci-
alibus), calycis unguibus laminisque hirsutis, stigmate subu-
lato, strobilis globosis, folliculis ventricosis apice compressi-
usculis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in
ericetis depressis. (ubi v. v.)
*3, B. nutans, foliis acerosis integerrimis mucronulatis, amentis nu-
tantibus, calycibus sericeis, folliculis apice dilatatis depressis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz oré australi ; Lewins Land: in eri-
cetis aridis prope littora. (ubi v. v-)
4. B. ericifolia, foliis acerosis emarginato-bidentatis (unguicula-
ribus): marginibus integerrimis, amentis elongatis, calycibus
sericeis, stigmate capitato.
Banksia ericefolia. Linn. Suppl. 127. Lam. Encyc. Botan. 1.
p. 369. — Iilust. Gen. 1. p. 242. n. 1276. Willd. Sp. PEA.
p.536. And. Repos. 156. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p.221.*
Ic. 6. p. 27.* t. 538. Pers. Synop. 1. p. 117.
Banksia. White's Voy. tab. ad p. 225. fig. 1. strobilus.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in ericetis saxosis. (ubi v. v-)
5. B. spinulosa, foliis (adultis) acerosis (1—3-uncialibus) apice tri-
dentatis dente intermedio longiore : marginibus spinuloso-
dentatis integerrimisve, calycibus basi intus. imberbibus,
stigmate subulato.
Banksia spinulosa. Smith New Holl. 1. p. 13.* t.4. Willd.
2p2 Sp.
\
204 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Sp. Pl.1. p. 586. Cavan. Anal: de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 219.*
Ic. 6. p. 20.**t. 537. Pers. Synop. 1. p. 17.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson:
in ericetis aridis. (ubi v. v.)
Oss. Frutex est et sepits humilis, nec Arbor decempedalis, &c.
ut habet Cavanilles. 1. c.
*6. B, collina, foliis linearibus spinuloso-dentatis denticulo ter-
minali breviore subtts venosis, bracteis amenti obtusis
apice tomentosis, calycibus basi intds imberbibus, caule
fruticoso.
Has. Jn Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; in collibus apricis
prope littora. Hunter’s River. (ubi v. v.)
*7, B. occidentalis, foliis linearibus extra medium spinuloso-den-
tatis subtis aveniis, bracteis amenti apice glabris, calycibus
marcescentibus: unguibus basi ints barbatis, folliculis ven-
tricosis tomentosis : apice compressiusculo nudo, caule fruti-
coso, ramulis glabris.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in
ericetis. (ubi v. v.)
*8. B. littoralis, foliis elongato-linearibus spinuloso-dentatis basi
attenuatis subtus aveniis, calycibus deciduis, folliculis com-
pressis bracteisque strobili apice tomentosis, caule arboreo,
ramulis tomentosis.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi ; Lewins he ad lit-
tora arenosa sinuum. (ubi v. v. flor. delaps.)
9. B. marginata, foliis linearibus truncatis mucronulatis integer-
rimis v. dentatis : venulis subtus inconspicuis, ramis ultimis
hirsutis,
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 205
hirsutis, bracteis omnibus amenti apice glabris: majoribus
acutis, caule fruticoso.
«. Fratex erectus, orgyalis. Amentum foliis plerumque integris
longius.
Banksia marginata. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 227.
Ic. 6. p. 29.* t. 544.
B. Frutex erectus, orgyalis. Folia spinuloso-dentata, planius-
cula, amento quandoque longiora.
Banksia microstachya.. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 224.
Ic. 6. p. 28.* t. 541. exclus. syn. Linnei.
y. Frutex humilis, diffusus.. Folia spinuloso-dentata, planius-
cula, cuneata, amento longiora.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in ericetis. (ubi v. v.)
*10. B. depressa, foliis elongato-cuneatis truncatis mucronulatis
spinuloso-dentatis : subtds obsoleté costatis venulis incon-
spicuis, bracteis omnibus amenti (folia vix equantis) tomen-
tosis obtusis, caule prostrato, ramulis ultimis hirsutis.
Has. In Insule Diemen plagis australioribus; in saxosis ad
-.radices montium. (ubi v. v.)
*11. B. patula, foliis cuneato-linearibus truncatis mucronulatis
integris vy. paucidentatis (uncialibus) subtus reticulato-veno-
sis, bracteis amenti apice tomentosis obtusis, calycis laminis
carina glabra, caule diffuso, ramulis ultimis tomentosis.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Flinders’ Land: in-
ter frutices, in sterilibus elevatioribus. (ubi v. v.).
*12. B. australis, foliis linearibus truncatis mucronulatis margine:
recurvis integris subtis. reticulato-venosis, ramulis ultimis.
tomen-
206 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
tomentosis, bracteis amenti obtusis subequalibus apice
tomentosis, calycis laminis carind obsoletissima sericea,
caule arboreo.
Has. In Insulé Diemen, ubique in campis et prope littora,
necnon in ora australi Nove Hollandie prope Port Phillip.
(ubi v. v.)
>
*13, B. insularis, foliis lineari- v. cuneato-oblongis subrotundatis
cum mucronulo sparsis verticillatisve subtus reticulato-
venosis, bracteis amenti obtusis extrorsim tomentosis, folli-
culis compressis apice glabris.
Has. In Insulis Freti Bass, et in Insulé Diemen, prope littora.
(ubi v. v.)
14. B. integrifolia, foliis verticillatis oblongo-lanceolatis integris
mucronulatis: subtus venulis reticulantibus conspicuis, folli-
culis tomentosis, caule arboreo. ;
a. Arbor parva v, mediocris. Folia oblanceolata, spits agate,
basi attenuata. Bractee geminate obtuse, solitariis acutis
dimidio minores.
Banksia integrifolia. Linn. Suppl. 127. Lam. Encyc. Botan. 1.
p- 369. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 242. n. 1275. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 535.
Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 229. Ic. 6. p. 30. tab. 546.
Banksia spicata. Gert. Sem. 1. p. 221. t. 48.
Banksia olewfolia. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 228. Ic. 6.
p. 30. t. 545.
Banksia glauca. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 230. Ic. 6.
Dp. 3LF f
@. Arbor magna. Folia lanceolato-oblonga, spits obtusius-
cula, basi acuta. Bracteze geminate obtuse, solitariis acu-
tiusculis haud dimidio minores.
Has.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 207
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali ; prope Port Jackson:
juxta littora marina. 6.In ora australi, prope Port Phillip.
(v. vi)
Oxs. Species polymorpha, cui nimis affines sunt B. insularis
et compar.
15. B. compar, foliis sparsis lingulato-oblongis emarginatis nruticis
dentatis integrisve : subtus reticulato-venosis niveis, ranulis
bracteisque tomentosis, calycibus sericeis, caule arboreo.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali; prope Keppel Bay :
juxta littora.. (ubi v. v. absque fructu.)
Oss. Precedenti proxima ; an distincta species ?
16. B. verticillata, foliis verticitlatis lingulate-oblongis obtusis
muticis: subtis aventis niveis, bracteis amenti tomentosis
obtusis : involucrantibus hirsutis, caule arboreo.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins. Land: prope
littora. (ubi v. v.)
17. B. coccinea, foliis alternis cuneato-obovatis oblongisve den-
tatis truncatis costatis reticulato-venosis basi transversis,
bracteis subulatis calycibusque lanatis, stigmate pyramidali.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or& australi; Lewins Land: in
campis prope littora. (ubi v. v.).
*18. B. paludosa, foliis subverticiHatis cuneato-oblongis subtrun-
catis basi attenuatis extra medium dentato-serratis, margine
subrecurvis : subtus costatis reticulato-venosis, petiolis ra-
mulisque glabris, calycibus sericeis, caule fruticoso.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson :
in paludosis. (ubi v. v.)
19. B. ob-
208 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
19. B. oblongifolia, foliis sparsis angusto-oblongis truncatis den-
tato-serratis basi acutiusculis : subtis costatis reticulato-ve-
nosis, petiolis ramulisque tomentosis, bracteis majoribus
amenti acuminatis, calycibus sericeis, caule fruticoso.
Banksia oblongifolia. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 99.5.*
Ic..6. p. 28.* #. 542. |
Banksia asplenifolia. Salisb. Prod. 51 ?
Banksia salicifolia. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat.1. p. 231.
Ic. 6. p. 31.*? folia enim in hac specie quandoque integra.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali ; prope Port Jackson :
in ericetis. (ubi v. v-)
20. B. latifolia, foliis obovato-oblongis spinuloso-serratis basi
acutis : subtis costatis reticulatis cinereo-tomentosis, calycis
unguibus sericeis : laminis glabris, caule fruticoso.
Banksia robur. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 226.* Ic. 6.
p- 29.* t. 543.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali; prope Port Jackson:
in paludosis. (ubi v. v.) .
Oss. Hujus speciei nomen Cavanillesii mutare coactus sum,
quoniam nunquam arborescit sed frutex humilis est.
21. -B. marcescens, foliis cunciformibus planis sparsis truncatis
extra medium dentato-serratis: basi acutiusculd, ramis to-—
mentosis, calycibus persistentibus folliculisque glabris.
Banksia premorsa. dnd. Repos. 258.
Hav. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: prope
littora. (ubi v. v.) .
Oxs. Cim folia minimé premorsa falsum nomen mutare non
hesitavi..
*29, B, at-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 209
*99. B. atéenuata, foliis elongato-linearibus truncatis basi attenu-
atis extra medium serratis: subtds costatis reticulatis areolis
tomentosis, bracteis apice hirsutis, cal ycibus glabris, folliculis
tomentosis.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land : prope
littora. (ubi v. v.)
#93, B. elatior, foliis elongato-linearibus subtruncatis serratis
subtus reticulatis : adultis glabriusculis, bracteis imberbibus
calycibusque tomentosis, stylo glaberrimo, stigmate ovali-
clavato, caule arboreo.
Han. In Nove Hollandiz or orientali; prope Sandy Cape:
prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
24. B, serrata, foliis lato-linearibus elongatis truncatis serratis :
subtis reticulatis glabriusculis: basi attenuata, stylo imo
pulvereo-pubescenti, stigmate cylindraceo sulcato: basi
oblique incrassata, caule arboreo.
Banksia serrata. Linn. Suppl. 126.* Lam. Encyc. Botan. 1.
p. 369. SIllust. Gen. 1. p. 242. t. 5A. f.1. White's Voy. 222.
cum tab. 2 prioribus. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p. 535. And. Repos. 82.
Banksia conchifera. Gert. Sem. 1. p. 221. t. 48. f. 1.
Banksia serrata. Cavan. Anal. de Hist. Nat. 1. p. 222. Ic. 6.
p- 27. t. 540. (forsan ad sequentem pertinet.)
Banksia dentata. Wend. Hort. Herenh. tab. 8.? vel ad sequen
tem pertinens. ;
Has. In Nove Hollandie orA orientali; prope Port Jackson:
in campis prope littora. (v. v-)
*25. B. emula, foliis lato-linearibus elongatis truneatis profunde
serratis: subtus reticulatis glabriusculis, calycibus sericeis,
VOL. X. 25 stigmate
210 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
stigmate capitato exsulco nitido apice (quadrangulo) styfi
duplo crassiore, caule fruticoso.
Banksia serratifolia. Salish. Prod. 51. ?
Banksia serrata. White's Voy. 222. tab. tertia ?
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora orientali ; prope Port Jackson:
in campis arenosis ericetisque. (ubi v. v.)
Oss. B. serrata Cavan. et dentata Wend. supra ad B. serratam
citate, forte ad hanc, valdé aftinem, pertinent.
26. B. dentata, foliis cuneato-oblongis truncatis sinuato-dentatis
undulatis basi acutis: subtus costatis venulosis niveis, caly-
cibus sericeis, folliculis tomentosis..
Banksia dentata. Linn. Suppl. 127. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. p..536.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord orientali, prope Endeavour
River; et in septentrionali, Arnhems Land: prope littora.
(ubi v. v.)
*27. B. quercifolia, foliis oblongo-cuneatis subtruncatis glabris
serrato-incisis : incisuris mucronatis, calycis laminis aristatis !
folliculis glabriusculis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz or& australi; Lewins Land: in
campis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
*28. B. speciosa, foliis linearibus pinnatifidis : lobis triangulari-
semiovatis mucronatis subtus niveis obsoleté nervosis, calycis
laminis lanatis, stylo pubescenti, folliculis tomentosis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in
saxosis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
29. B. grandis, foliis pinnatifidis: lobis triangulari-ovatis acutis
planis subtis nervosis glabriusculis, calycis laminis follicu-
lisque glabris.
Banksia
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 211
Banksia grandis. Willd. Sp. Pl.1. p.535.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land : in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
30. B. repens, foliis pinnatifidis : Jobis sinuatis v. dentatis, caule
prostrato.
Banksia repens. Labill.Voy.1. p.412. t.23. Nov. Holl. 2. p.118.
Haz. In Nove Hollandie ora australi; Lewins Land: in
campis collibusque saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
#31, B. ilicifolia, foliis cuneatis inciso-serratis subtis glabrius-
culis, amentis brevissimis, calycis unguibus diu coherentibus
stylum zquantibus : laminis citids dehiscentibus !
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in
~ .campis collibusque prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
Ons. Species tam singularjs ut fere proprii generis, transitum
ad Dryandras facilem reddit,
38. DRYANDRA.
Cuan. Gen. Calyx quadripartitus v. quadrifidus. Stamina apici-
bus concavis laciniarum immersa. Squamule hypogyne
quatuor. Ovarium biloculare, loculis monospermis. Folli-
culus bilocularis, ligneus: Dissepimento libero, bifido. Recepta-
culum commune planum, floribus indeterminatim confertis,
paleis angustis, rard nullis. Involucrum commune imbricatum.
Haxitus. Frutices plerumque humiles.. Rami dum adsint sparst
vel umbellati. Folia sparsa, pinnatifida v. incisa, plante jucve-
nilis conformia. Involucra solitaria, terminalia, rard late-
ralia sessilia, foliis confertis interioribus quandoque nanis obval-
lata, hemispherica, bracteis adpressis, in quibusdam apice appen-
diculatis,
282 Oss.
212 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Oss. Dryandra of Thunberg, first published in Flora Japonica,
being not generically different from Aleurites, which was
previously established by Forster, I have peculiar satisfaction
in giving the name of my respected friend, Mr. Dryanper,
to a genus so nearly related to Banksia, from which indeed it
differs chiefly in Inflorescence, but in that respect so widely
as to be at once distinguishable : there is also something in the
habit, especially in the leaves of the greater number of spe--
cies, by which, independent of the parts of fructification, the
genus is pretty certainly indicated ; and it is worthy. of no-.
tice, that, while Banksia is generally spread over all the
coasts of New Holland and of Van Diemen’s-Island,. Dry-
andra has hitherto been observed only: on: that part of the
south coast called Lewins Land, where, however, its species
are nearly as numerous and abundant as those of. Banksia
itself.
*1. D. floribunda, foliis cuneiformibus inciso-serratis, involucri
bracteis exterioribus- glabriusculis, calycis laminis glabris,
stigmate subclavato obtuso.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (v. v.)
Variat receptaculo epaleato..
*2, D. cuneata, foliis cuneiformibus sinuato-dentatis spinosis pe-
tiolatis, involucri bracteis omnibus sericeis, calycis laminis:
barbatis, stigmate subulato-filiformi acuto..
#. Folia vix sesquiunciam longa, dentibus. terminalibus sub-
zequalibus.
B. Folia biuncialia, apicis dilatati denticulo medio breviore
sinubus latioribus. Forsan species distincta..
Habe.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu. 218
. Han.:. In Nove Hollandize or4 australi; Lewins Land: in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*3. D. armata, foliis pinnatifidis ; lobis triangularibus planis di-
varicatis rectis spinoso-mucronatis: terminali proxiiis lon-
giore; subtus reticulatis venulis nudis, ramis calycisque la-
minis glabris, stylo basi pubescenti, stigmate subulato sul-
cato.
Ph. In Nove Hollandiz; ord australi; Lewins Land:
collibus saxosis.. (ubi-v.-v.):
*4.. D. falcata, foliis: pinnatifidis:: Jobis subulato-triangularibus
- divaricatis faleato-recuryis spinoso-mucronatis: terminali
proximis- breviore ; subtus reticulatis venulis nudis, ramis
pubescentibus; laminis calycis styloque longitudinaliter gla-
bris, stigmate clavato exsulco.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi ; Lewins Land: in
collibus saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*5. D. formosa, foliis elongato-linearibus pinnatifidis: lobis
sealeno-triangularibus muticis planis subtis niveis, involu-
cris tomentosis : foliolis interioribus lineari-oblongis, recep-
taculo paleaceo. Tab. ILI.
eet In Nove Hollandiz ora australi;. Lewins Land: in ste-
rilibus.prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
6. D. mucronulata, foliis elongato-linearibus pinnatifidis : lobis
isoscelo-triangularibus mucronulatis planis subtus niveis, in-
volucris tomentosis : foliolis interioribus lineartbus mucrona-
tis, receptaculo paleaceo, caule.subsimplici.
Has.
214 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land : in de-
pressis saxosis. (ubi v. v.)
*7,. D. plumosa, foliis elongato-linearibus pinnatifidis : lobis isos-
celo-triangularibus mucronulatis margine subrecurvis subtis
niveis, involucri foliolis interioribus plumoso-aristatis, recep-
taculo epaleato.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Lewins Land; in la-
teribus saxosis collium. (ubi v. v.)
*8. D. obtusa, foliis linearibus pinnatifidis caule decumbenti to-
mentoso longioribus: lobis triangularibus obtusis subtus
niveis margine incrassato-recurvis, involucri bracteis exte-
rioribus ovatis, interioribus lineari-oblongis.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in
apricis prope littora. (ubi v. v.)
9. D. nivea, foliis linearibus pinnatifidis caulem glabrum sub-
zquantibus: lobis scaleno-triangularibus acutis mucronu-
latis subtis niveis margine recurvis, involucri-bracteis lineari-
lanceolatis glabris ciliatis, calyee quadrifido, unguibus la-
minisque hirsutis.
«. Folia lobis adscendentibus, mucronatis, subtts venosis.
Stigma stylo pardm crassius.
Banksia nivea. Labill. Voy. 1. p. 413. t. 24. Nov. Holl. 2.
p- 118.
@. Folia lobis divaricatis, uninervibus, subaveniis. Stigma
stylo vix crassius.
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in sax-
osis prope littora. (ubi v. v.) .
*10. D. lon-
Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu, 215
*10. D. longifolia, foliis linearibus pinnatifidis longissimis acutis
subtis cinereo-tomentosis : basi attenuata integerrimé ; lobis
triangularibus adscendentibus decurrentibus margine re-
curvis, involucri bracteis elongato-linearibus margine barba-
tis extis glabris, calycis unguibus basi lanatis supra pube-
scentibus : laminis pilosiusculis, caule tomentoso.
Has. In Nove Hollandi ord. australi ; Lewins Land : in col-
libus saxosis. (ubi-v. v.)
*11. D. tenutfolia, foliis elongato-linearibus pinnatifidis subtrun-
catis subtis niveis: basi attenuata integerrima petioliformi ;
lobis triangularibus decurrentibus divaricatis margine recur-
vis, involucri bracteis tomentosis: exterioribus ovato-lan-
ceolatis, calycis unguibus basi lanatis supra cauleque glabris,
Has. In Nove Hollandie ord australi; Lewins Land: in
ericetis. (ubi vy. v.)
*12. D. pteridifolia, foliis pinnatifidis caule tomentoso longiori-
bus: lobis linearibus acutis mucronatis margine revolutis
basi dilatatis, involucri bracteis tomentosis ovatis.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ora australi; Lewins Land: ad la-
tera saxosa collium.. (ubi v. v.)
*13. D.blechnifolia, foliis pinnatifidis caule tomentoso longioribus:
lobis linearibus obtusis mucronulatis trinervibus margine re-
curvis basi simplici.
Has. In Nove Hollandiz ord australi; Lewins Land: prope
King George’s Sound. D. Archibald Menzies. (v. s. absque
fructificatione.)
Oss. Ad hoc genus retuli, ob summam oy Seniehionts cum Dryan-
dra picridifalid, cujus vix varietas.
To
.
216 Mr, Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
To RENDER this essay as complete as I am able, I proceed to
notice such plants, as either belong or have been referred to Pro-
teacez, but from my imperfect acquaintance with which, or from
the unsatisfactory accounts hitherto given of them, could not
with certainty be referred to any of the genera described, or, if
referable to any of them, I could not with confidence propose
as distinct species; and shall conclude with the addition of a
few synonyms to the species described, from Ray’s Historia Planta-
rum, which had escaped me when the paper was first read to the
Society.
LrvcaDENDRON linifolium, foliis lineari-spathulatis aversis basi
attenuatis ramisque glabris, capitulo masculo sessili foliis
circumvallantibus longiore, calycis tubo barbato: laminis
_stylisque imberbibus.
Protea linifolia. Jacq. Hort. Schanb. 1. p. 11. ¢. 26.
Oss. There can be no doubt of the genus of this plant, or of
the individual figured by Jacquin beinga male. From the
same figure, by which alone I am acquainted with it, it
seems to be very nearly related to Leucadendron tortum, from
which it differs in having the male heads sessile, and in the
lamine of the calyx being quite smooth.
LrvcapEenpron fusciflorum, foliis lineari-lanceolatis glabris
junioribus rectis basi attenuatis, capitulo femineo foliis cir-
cumvallantibus breviore, calycis laminis plumoso-barbatis :
tubo pilosiusculo.
Protea fusciflora. Jacg. Hort. Schanb. 1. p. 11. t. 27.
, This
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussiet, 217
This also is known to me only from Jacquin’s figure, from
which it is unquestionably a Leucadendron, and a female
plant ; it can hardly however be supposed the female of the
preceding species ; and though I have here constructed a
specific character for it, 1 think it is not improbably a variety
of Leucadendron angustatum.
LEUCADENDRON.
Protea linearis. Houtt. Nat. Hist. par. 2. vol. 4. p. 116. ¢. 19.
f. 2. ed. Germ. vol. 3. p. 84, t. 19.
This is undoubtedly a Leucadendron, and probably a female
plant; but from the figure alone its species cannot be de-
termined.
LEUCADENDRON.
Protea stellaris. Sims Bot. Mag. 881.
Seems to be a male plant, and apparently different from any
thing I have seen. From the form of the leaves and the
length of those surrounding the capitulum, I am inclined to
consider it as the male of Jacquin’s Protea fusciflora already
noticed.
LEUCADENDRON.
Conocarpodendron ; folio tenuissimo, angustissimo, saligno ;
cono calyculato. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p. 203. c. tab.
This is probably a male plant, notwithstanding the figure of a
ripe cone is given at the bottom of the plate; the separate
fruits of some of Boerhaave’s figures belonging decidedly to
very different species. It may be the male of Leucadendron
adscendens.
LEUCADENDRON *
Protea odorata. Thunb. Prod. Append. 187.
VOL. X. 2 There
218 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussiew.
There is no means of determining the genus of this plant, but
it is rather more probably a Leucadendron than belonging
to any other.
LeucaDENDRON??
Conocarpodendron ; acaulon ; folio rigido, nervoso, oblongo,,.
latiori ; cono fusco; semine oblongo, in medid quasi exca-
vato. Boerh. Lugd. Bat. 2. p.201. c. tab.
I know not what to make of this. If the strobilus and nuces.
at the bottom of the plate really belong to it, it must be re-
ferred to Leucadendron, and will stand near L. retusum or
L. plumosum ; but there are some circumstances both in the
figure and description which render this very doubtful.
Thunberg refers it to his P. strobilina, but the descriptions
by no means agree..
LEUCADENDRON ?
Scolymocephalus Olez folio. Sherard. in Raj. Hist. 5. Dendr.
Be 10.
This, according to Boerhaave, is his Conocarpodendron, &c.
2. p. 197. c. tab. which I have considered as the female of
Leucadendron squarrosum..
LEUCADENDRON ??
Protea glabra. Thunb. Diss. n. 52.
From the very short and unsatisfactory description of Thun-
berg, the genus of this plant cannot be determined, or even
with much probability guessed at:
_
Isopocon.
Protea divaricata. And. Repos. 465.
Can this be a variety of Isopogon anemonifolius ? The yellow
flowers
Mr. Bnown, on the Proteaceae of Jussict. 219
flowers satisfy me that it is not a species of Serruria, and
prevent me at the same time from referring it to Isopogon
anethifolius, whose leaves are not unlike, but whose flowers
are of a very different colour.
Prorea.
Protea venosa. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234 mn. 1212. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 640.
Said by Poiret to resemble in most respects Protea longiflora ;
it must therefere be a genuine Protea.
Prorea.
Scolymodendros Africanus ex Monte Tabulari. Pluk. Mant. 168,
#442. f. 4.
_ "This is manifestly a Protea, which it appears Plukenet had seen
only in the possession of Woodward. The head, especially
in the form of the bractez, bears a great resemblance to
that of Protea cynaroides; but the leaves are so very different,
that, unless we suppose they were drawn from memory and
disproportionately reduced, it cannot be referred to this
species. It is probably however one of the more common
kinds, and I know not what else to suppose it may be, except
Protea grandiflora. The figure itself has never, so far as I
know, been noticed by any author.
LreucosPERMUM.
Scolymocephalus Africanus, foliis in summitate profundids
_crenatis, intercreniis majoribus florum staminulis longis re-
curvis. Raj. Hist. 3. Dendr. p. 10.
This is probably a Leucospermum, and perhaps L. edlipticum.
2F2 MIMETEs ?
220 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussiew.
Mrertes ? ;
Protea dichotoma. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 235. n. 1219. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 643.
Probably a spurious Mimetes.
Srrrvria Bergii, capitulis simplicibus solitariis subpeduncu-
latis, bracteis cuneiformibus truncatis cum acumine villosis :
inferioribus glabris, calycibus curvatis sericeis, stigmate tur-
binato-capitato, ramulis foliisque glabris.
Leucadendron spherocephalum. Berg. cap. 26.*
This I have no hesitation in referring to Serruria; and from
the description of the accurate Bergius I am disposed to
think it distinct from any I am acquainted with. It seems
most nearly related to Serruria acrocarpa, differing chiefly in
the smoothness of its branches, and in having terminal heads.
SERRURIA-
Protea spherocephala. Howtt. Nat. Hist. par..2. vol.A.. p. 99-
t.19. f.1. ed. Germ. vol. 3. p. 72. t-19.
Unquestionably a Serruria, and probably referable either to
S. hirsuta or pedunculata. ;
SERRURIA.
Protea villosa. Thunb. Prod. Append. 186.
A Serruria whose characters cannot be made out from the
specific difference given by Thunberg.
SERRURIA.
Protea triternata. And. Repos. 337.
This may be intended for S. congesta, but I cannot with con-
fidence refer to it as such.
SERRURIZ.
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 228
SERRURIZ.
Protea abrotanifolia minor. And. Repos. 536.
Protea abrotanifolia hirta. And. Repos. 522.
Protea abrotanifolia odorata. - And. Repos. 545.
These are manifestly Serruriz, but I do not venture to refer
them to any of the species I have described; nor are there
sufficient materials from which they may be characterized
as distinct species,
Niventa.
Protea concava. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 234. n.1217. Poiret.
Encyc. Botan. 5. p. 642.
A species of Nivenia, and perhaps one of those described.
Niventa?
Protea candicans. Thunb. Prod. Append. 186.
Probably a Nivenia, and perhaps not different from N. hae
lissima: it may however be a species of Serruria, in which
case it is probably S. candicans.
Protea prostrata. Thunb. Prod. 27.
I know not to what genus this may belong; but from the species
near which Thunberg has placed it, it may be supposed to
be either a Protea or a Leucadendron : if the latter, it is pro-
bably not very different from L. retusum.
Hakea.
Conchium drupaceum. Gert. Carp. 5. p. 217. t 219.
I cannot refer this fruit to any of the species I have described.
Emsoturium chaparro. Humb. Equin. Bot.
Of this I know nothing but the name, which occurs in Hum-
boldt’s Chart of Aiquinoctial Botany, and is placed there at
the height of about 1600 feet.
Emso-
299 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
Emcorurtvm strobilinum. Labill. Nov. Holl. 2. p: 116. \t. 265.
The seeds of this remarkable plant, which I am acquainted
with only from Labillardiere’s figure and description, being
unknown, and the internal structure of its ovarium not hav-
ing been examined, its genus cannot be determined. Its re-
gular and deeply divided calyx, the four glands at the base
of the ovarium, and its vertical equilateral stigma, point out
its near affinity to Knightia, from which it differs in the
style being deciduous, and perhaps also in the number
and form of its seeds. If these are but two in number,
it would be still more nearly related to Orites; but some-
thing in its whole appearance, and especially its un-
‘commonly large bractez, indicates its being a distinct
genus.
According to Labillardiere, it is a native both of oe Caledonia
and the south-west coast of New Holland: but asI am ac-
quainted with no plant of the order, which has so wide a
range as this, and as it may be presumed the specimens
from New Holland were very imperfect, otherwise so
remarkable a plant would surely have found a place in
the body of his work, I may be permitted to question
the accuracy of the statement. I confess however that I
know no plant of Lewin’s Land with which this could be
confounded.
Rovpatra pinnata. Lam. Illust. Gen. 1. p. 243. n. 1282. Porret,
Encyc. Botan. 6. p. 317. Rudg. Pl. Guian. 25. t. 38.
There can be little doubt of this plant constituting a distinct
genus ; but its fruit being entirely unknown, it is better to
place it among those which require a further examination.
It was referred to Rhopala at a time when that genus was
not at all understood. In its compound leaves, its irregular
calyx,
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussiew. 223
calyx, and even in some degree in the glands subtending the
ovarium, it seems to approach more nearly to Gevuina ; and
I am therefore inclined to think its fruit will be found to be
a drupa, and not a folliculus as that of Rhopala. The whole
plant however is so remarkable, that I here add a description
taken from an excellent specimen, in Mr. Lambert’s Herba-
rium, collected by the unfortunate Martin in Guiana, where
it seems to have been first found by Richard.
Frutex ? v. Arbor. Ramuli teretes, tomento minuto cineras-
centes. Jolia alterna, abrupté pinnata, 3-4-juga. Foliola
opposita, petiolata, late ovata, obtusa quandoque acutius-
cula, integerrima, glaberrima, super nitida, subter fere
opaca, venulis anastomozantibus partim emersis reticulata :
dum 33 uncias longa 2 uncias lata. Petioli partiales semun-
ciales, semiteretes, cum rachi teretiuscula articulati. Spica
terminalis, pedunculata, erecta, folio brevior, pedunculo:
longior, racemosa: Pedunculo rachique teretibus, pube
brevissim4 cinereo-ferrugineis (in sicco). Pedicelli geminati,
teretes, calyce breviores. Calya tetraphyllus. Folcola ante
expansionem in tubum curvatum cylindraceum clausum
utringue ampliatum coberentia, mox ad basin distincta,
decidua, linearia, extis pube tenuissimd arcté appressa (in
sicco) cinereo-ferrugined ; intus glabra : Ungutbus linearibus,
basi dilatatis: Laminis ovatis, acutis, concavis. Stamina 4.
Filamenta brevissima, basi laminarum imposita. Antherarum
Jobi (connectivo) adnati, distincti, basi parim divergentes,
longitudinaliter dehiscentes. Pollen flavum. Ovariwm brevé
pedicellatum, parvum, uniloculare, dispermum, ovulis col-
lateralibus: Pedicello basi cincto Squamé lata, glabra, adnata,,
(in sicco) corrugatd, posticé subdeficiente, intersticid an-
gustissima. Stylus cylindraceus, crassiusculus, glaber, lon-
gitudine unguium calycis. Stigma obliquum, convexum,
.stylo crassius, papilla centrali.
Oxzs.
994 Mr. Brown, on the Proteacee of Jussieu.
Ons. Singularis, Foliis vert compositis, petiolellis cum*rachi
articulatis ; et Squama hypogyna pedicello ovarii adnata,
nec ipso receptaculo connexa.
Onitina acicularis. Append. Flor. Nov. Holl. ined.
This is a perfectly smooth erect shrub ; with alternate Poe
cal leaves, furrowed on the upper surface and terminated by
a pungent mucro. I observed it only on the summit of the
Table Mountain, at the southern extremity of Van Diemen’s
Island. The perfect flowers I have not seen, but have exa-
mined the ovarium so soon after foecundation, that I have
no doubt of its containing originally only two ovula ; and as
its base is surrounded by four glands, the calyx is probably
regular. Hence its near affinity to Orites, with which it also
agrees in inflorescence and apparently in stigma. The fruit
is a smooth compressed coriaceous follicule, containing two
seeds, which are winged at both ends ; on which account I
have not absolutely referred it to Orites, but, until its flowers
are discovered, have given it a temporary name, er a
its affinity to that genus.
Banxsta musculiformis. Gert. Sem. 1. p. 221. Lam. LIIllust.
Gen. 1. p. 242. n. 1280.
Fructus musculiformis. Rumph. Amb. 2. p. 184. t. 60.
Gertner has taken up this plant entirely from Rumpf’s figure,
and referred it to Banksia on account of its fruit contain-
ing according to that author two winged seeds. But from
Rumpf’s description, it appears that the whole plant is
lactescent ; hence it probably does not belong to this family,
but rather to Apocinie, as Burmannus has already con-
jectured.
Cyztinpria. Lour. Cochin. ed. Willd. 1. p. 86.
Both
Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu. 225
Both Willdenow and Ventenat have considered ‘this genus- as
belonging to Proteacez, with whose structure indeed the de-
scription of Loureiro in most respects well agrees.. Mr.
Konig, however, (Ann. of Bot. 1. p. 392.)-assures us, on the
authority of original specimens, that it is scarcely different
from Olea, though Loureiro: has: characterized it as having
four bilocular: anthere, included in the concave apices of
tke segments of the corolla; two circumstances altogether
incompatible with Oleine, and which render it- not impro-
bable that the specimen. sent-to. Sir Joseph Banks by the
author was very different from that which he described.
Leucospermum Conocarpum.
Scolymocephalus Africanus, latifolius, Januginosus, foliis in
summitate crenatis, coma sericea.’ Raj. Hist. 3. Dend. p. 9.
Mimetes Hartogii.
Scolymocephalos Africanus lanuginosus humilis, foliis in
summo tridentatis, flore dilute purpureo, carinulé albulé
Oldenlandii. Raj. Hist. 3. Dend. p.10. fide characteris et
descriptionis.
Mimeres cucullatus. (Raj. Hist. 3. Dend. p.10. n. 10.)
Mimetes hirtus.
Scolymocephalos Africanus, foliis brevioribus acuminatis, flori-
bus rubentibus, summis surculis foliis intermistis. Raj.
Hist. 3. Dend. p. 10.
VOL. X- 26 Besides.
226 Mr. Brown, on the Proteaceae of Jussieu.
Besides the Proteacez described or noticed in this paper, I am
acquainted with several very beautiful species, chiefly of Gre-
villea and Persoonia, discoyered in New Holland by Mr. George
Caley, a most assiduous and accurate botanist, who, under the
patronage of Sir Josepu Banks, has for upwards of eight years
been engaged in examining the plants of New South Wales, and
whose numerous discoveries will, it is hoped, be soon given to the
public, either by himself, or in such.a manner as to obtain for him
that reputation among botanists to which he is well entitled.
TABULARUM EXPLICATHIO.
Fic. Tas. I]. Kwnicutia ExcELsa.
1. Flos expansus, parim auctus.
2. Idem longitudinaliter apertus, magnitudine natural.
8. Ejusdem basis cum glandulis hypogynis.
4. Pistillum auctum, ovario longitudinaliter secto ovulis quatuor:.
5. Ovulorum insertiones et relativas positiones ostendens.
6. Ovulum pauld magis auctum..
7. Pollen plurindm auctum..
Tas. UII. Dryanpra rormosa..
1. Ramus magnitudine naturali. |
. Flos magnitudine naturali.
Idem auctus.
Receptaculum commune magnitudine naturali et auctum:s
. Idem verticaliter sectum.
. Palez receptaculi.
Folliculus.
Dissepimentum cum seminibus.
. Semina.
. Dissepimentum.
. Pollen ad Jentem auctum.
09 [e)
Cm
vet bet
= CES
V. On
(s'22%i.0)
V. Ona remarkable Variety of Pedicularis Sylvatica. In a Letter
to Alevander MacLeay, Esq. F. R.S. and Sec.L.S. By James
Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S.
Read February 7, 1809.
Dear Sir,
T wave lately been favoured by the Marquis of Stafford with a
specimen of a remarkable variety of the Pedicularis sylvatica,
gathered by his lordship last summer on his estate in Sutherland..
It consists of a solitary flower of that plant, which, instead of
its, proper ringent form, with two long and twoshort stamens,
has a salver-shaped regular corolla, with six stamens, four of which.
are longer than the others. There is also what appears to be the
style partly changed toa petal, and yet bearing a membranous
expansion like one side of an anther. I conceive therefore that
this is really an attempt at a seventh stamen, though become
partly a petal. There is however no other sign of a style.« The
Marquis sought in vain for another specimen; but it is re-
markable that Mr. Hooker and Mr. Borrer found one resembling.
it in the same neighbourhood this very season.
This specimen is very interesting to me, as being another in-
stance of the same kind of variety as I have noticed in Galeopsis.
Tetrahit at Matlock. See Fl. Lapponica, ed. 2. 201. I have also
had in my own garden. some regular salver-shaped flowers of
Chelone.
228 Dr. Smitn on a remarkable Variety of Pedicularis Sylvatica.
Chelone barbata on the very same branch with the proper ringent
ones. Such accidents are frequent in various species of Antirrhi-
num and Bignonia. They should be kept in mind by all students
of systematical arrangement, as a warning not to expect that
our artificial rules can keep pace with the intricacies of nature.
IT remain, &c.
J. E. Smita.
Norwich, February 4, 1809.
{, 229.)
VI. A Botanical Description: and Natural Histor, 'y of the Malabar
Cardamom. By Mr. David White, Surgeon on the Bombay
Establishment. Communicated by the Dihvotors of the Hon. East
India Company. With additional Remarks my William George
Maton, M.D., V.P.L.S., §c.
Read November 15 and December 6, 1808.
Tur plant producing Cardamoms is a singular, if not unique,
instance of one of ‘the most valuable articles of. modern luxury
being almost entirely indebted to the care of nature for its growth
and perfection.
Lofty hills, whose summits are ever clothed with clouds, a
moist atmosphere, or copious rains for three-fourths of the year,
and an exposure admitting but a limited proportionof the sun-beams,
are the circumstances which, the natives tell us, and experience
proves, are most favourable to its growth, and are the sole re-
quisites for an abundant crop. Simple as the progress is which
conducts it through various stages to maturity and a marketable
state, the subject claims attention, and derives. importance from
the general estimation and extended use of the spice, as a grateful
and salubrious accessary of diet: its use as such is so universal,
that it is now in a manner regarded as a necessary of life by most
of the inhabitants of Asia; and its general adoption by the ci-
vilized nations of the other quarters of the world is prevented only
by its limited importation. The possession of its trade has been
vol. x. 2H always
230 Mr. Wutrr’s Description and Natural History
always an object of much competition ; and the best sources of it
being now in possession of the English, accumulate fresh conside-
rations for becoming better acquainted with its history.
When it is further premised, that the information here given is
founded on documents ever judged most likely to attain the ob-
ject of all useful investigation, namely, the testimony of intelli-
gent natives on the spot, and actual inspection during a tem-
porary residence undertaken for the purpose, the writer deems no
further apology necessary for bringing forward the fruits of his
observation.
i.
BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION.
Monanpria. Monocynta.
Amomum CarDAMOMUM.
Calyx double, each spathous and tubular. Outer and inferior
arising from the proper pedicle, embracing the inner calyx
to near its summit, split before, keeled and pointed behind,
withering. Inner and superior funnel-form, lax, continuous
with and rising from the top of the germen, ascending with
and reaching above the middle of the tube of the corolla.
Border 2- or 3-cleft, unequally finely scored, permanent.
Corolla monopetalous, funnel-form. Tube ascending, cylindrical
below, compressed a little upward, marked with three su-
perficial furrows, evanescent as they descend from the di-
visions of the inner border. Border double, unequal.
Inferior and outer reflected to the interior, membranous,
8-parted. Divisions oblong-linear, obtuse, with margins a
little intlected, and ends turned up slippes-wise ; the middle
or
of the Malabar Cardamom. 231
or anterior one larger ; a double linear band running along the
centre of each. Interior and upper border fleshy, four-parted,
unequal. The posterior division large, ascending from a con-
tracted base, expanding rhomboidally ; margin a little wavy,
and obscurely three-lobed, centrally grooved half way up.
The second, or what may be called the staminal division, half
the length of the former, erect from the opposite side of the
rim of the tube, linear nearly to half its height, then abruptly
expanding in breadth and thickness to nearly double, lopped
and tooth-like at the top, sloping inwardly into a shovel-like
vaginal hollow, to receive the stigma and upper part of the
style; a slight score bisecting it externally, and ending in
an obsolete notch above. Third and fourth divisions ex-
actly opposite to each other, and between the two former
a pair of short, horizontal, horn-like processes slightly
twisted, straitening the mouth of the tube and dividing it
unequally.
Stamen with no filament, two pair of parallel antherous lines
lying on the inner thickened part of the second division,
contiguous below, but with their conical points free, and
projecting into the mouth of the tube, diverging upwards to
receive the expanded stigma and upper part of the style,
their surface, and the space they inclose, heaped with glo-
bules of farina soon bursting into the finest pollen.
Pistillum shorter than the corolla, and of the length of the
stamen.
Germen a lopped oval, smooth. Two conical segments erect
from one side of its top contiguous to each other, half
sheathing the style.
Style conical at its origin, then thread-like, lastly enlarging at
2u2 the
232 Mr. Wuire’s Description and Natural History-
the rim of the tube; passing which, it is received into the
staminal sheath of the upper border.
Stigma obtusely triangular, a little excavated on the side of the
tube, with the upper rounded edge prominent from the
sheath.
Pericarpium a fleshy, fibrous, smooth capsule, contracting when
dry into a surface corrugated lengthwise, obtusely trigonal,
oblique a little; angles marked with a superficial score ;
sides inwardly bisected by a ridge ; three-celled, with three
valves. Seeds many, nidulating by means of a fine muci-
laginous, splendid, silky membrane, and: attached to the
receptacle, or rachis, by an eight-toothed oblong faseia in
each of its angles; the silky membrane of the seeds forming
filamentous pedicles for this purpose. Seeds from 18 to 27,
obtusely wedge-shaped, a furrow on the plain side, convex
on the other; surface scabrous, hard, horny.
Flowers on lax panicled peduncles, issuing horizontally from the
tuberous ringed part of the stem, near the root; generally
two from each flat side. Common. peduncle serpentine,
jointed, or rather rimmed, tapering. Partial peduncles
lateral from the rings at acute angles, and diminishing in-
tervals; every partial peduncle supporting from two to four
pedicled flowers, one or two of which abortive. Length of
the peduncle varies from three and four inches to one and a
half and two feet.
Bractee oblong, acute, and spathous, accompanying and en-
veloping the pedicles at their origin, withering.
Colour. Lower division of the corolla green; upper spreading.
petal of the inner border with a pink ramification, pale white
on the outside and the rest of the border.
Stems.
of the Malabar Cardamom. 233
Stems. Base tuberous, clubbed, ring’d rim-wise for two or three
inches; the lower part giving out viviparous shoots, the
upper part panicles. Stems erect from the base, and
slightly elliptical, tapering as the continuous sheaths send off
the leaves ; when bearing, from six to twelve feet high, and
from eight and twelve to thirty in number, quite smooth to the
touch, finely scored to the eye, with varying shades of glossy
green, pale at the base, which distinguishes this. species from
a congener frequent on the same site, but with a red or
fuscous base.
Leaves very long, in the same plane, alternate, at distances a little
unequal, supported on long sheaths embracing closely half
the stem, elliptico-linear-spear-pointed, from nine inches
-to two feet and a half long, from one to five inches broad,
upper side waved with narrow ridges and broad furrows
acutely with the middle rib, smooth, dark-green, edges very
entire, below pale sea-green,. and glossy with asilky soft-
ness, middle rib channelled above, keeled below. Petioles
short, grooved with a small obtuse: squamous. prDcess em-
bracing the stem above the sheath.
Roots fibrous, thinly ramose, and with here and there a fibre
much longer and larger than the rest. running obliquely
into the soil.
There is no individual of the Amomunr tribe that displays so.
much natural beauty as the Cardamomum. The glistening polish
of its stems, the sea-green glossy surface of its leaves waving
with the least impulse, and the general symmetry of the whole,
easily distinguish it from its rival neighbours in the woods. It
outshines them also in the elegance of its flowers: the vivid
pink, surrounded. by the pale white of the spreading division
of
234 Mr. Wuttr’s Description and Natural History
of the upper border of the corolla, presents a most delicate con-
trast. ’
The shortness of its roots may relate to some hidden properties
of its organic ceconomy ; or these may be compensated by the
greater proportion of the leaves, absorbing more copiously from
the air, and thus contributing to the formation of that elaborate
essence which we so much admire in the perfect spice.
It may be expected that we should give some account of the
name and the history of its commerce.
In Botany, the history and origin of names,are so far useful,
as they are immediately or remotely connected with the elucida-
tion of the subject in question, the indication of its virtues, or the
nation who first introduced its use, and the channels, if an article
of trade, through which it first flowed to civilized countries.
In Malabar, the native soil of its best species, it is simply
named Ela, or Ela-tari and Ela-channa; the former addition signi-
fying a young plant, the latter a full-grown one. The word
channa includes also some congeners, one of which, Poidn-
channa, is so like the real Cardamom in appearance and foliage,
as with difficulty to be distinguished by these marks only.
The ripe pod is styled exclusively Ela-tari, ari in Malabar
signifying any small grain: e.g. ari rice, mout-art natcheny or
raggee.
Indiscriminately they also say Ela-kai, the last word being of
general application to all kinds of perfect roots and seeds. In
Sanskrit, the most common appellative is Ela. The synonyms are
no fewer than 10, viz. Elum* Walakum, Mailayum, Songani, Hari
Walakum, Waleyiegum, Moukana, Kouna, Kounara, Agni-jivala,
* My authority tells me that Elwm is the casus rectus or nominative here, and that it
becomes varied into Ela in the oblique inflections, or when annexed to other words
which govern it. Thesame grammatical variation is also observed in the Malabar language,
Moudriwadine.
of the Malabar Cardamom. 235
Moudriwadine. These are taken from idioms of the Amarsinha;
but there is reason for supposing that all of them, except the
first, are merely epithets, either allusive to its qualities and _vir-
tues, or suggested by that wild and extravagant fancy which
characterizes the genius of Indian fabulists and poets. As Ela
signifies leaf in both languages, I have no doubt but the assem-
blage of leaves, forming the most obvious and striking ap-
pearance of the plant, suggested to the first rude observers the
natural and appropriate term. In the other parts of India, they
give it names, all more or less similar to the indigenous. The
Hindu is Hil-Il, or Ilachi; the Kanarese, Ela-Ki. These termi-
nations are no doubt deduced from the Kai above mentioned, as
the first syllable is from that of Ela.
Of the name Kagdaneuzow given to it by the Greeks, and Car-
damomum by the Romans, neither I, nor those whom I consulted,
can find any traces in the dialects of Hindostan. Iam therefore
inclined to conclude that the spice itself was not introduced
among them, till at a late period of their history, and by some
very circuitous or irregular channels, which left them to their
own ingenuity to adapt a significant epithet: for this they had
recourse to analogy. In their owa language the Greeks had
the word Kagdenov to signify cresses, a production that ap-
proached to the nature of aspice, as near as to. form the founda-
tion of a comparison. When they added to this a word of su-
perlative emphasis—apowor, (literally signifying perfect or fault-
less,) they may have conceived that they attained a tolerably
clear idea of their new-imported luxury.—Kakele, both in Arabic
and Persian, is, without doubt, connected with the indigenous
Ela, or perhaps a compound of it.
In the medical practice of Europe, the use of Cardamoms is
too limited to enable us to form a sufficient estimate of their
stimulant
236 Mr. Wurrn’s Description and Natural History
stimulant power. ‘They are seldom given alone; and their com-
bination with other stimulants must render their effects uncer-
tain. It is not unlikely that the high degree of acrimony ascribed
to them by the natives may be comparative only to their own
bland constitutions, the more susceptible of stimulus from their
simple diet, and moderate and uniform habits of living.
It would be an object of considerable curiosity, if not some
instruction, to trace the gradual introduction of Cardamoms into
Europe, and their general adoption as a luxury, or use as a me-
dicine. We have reason to think that they were little, if at all,
known before the time of Augustus ; and the silence of the Bible
relative to them, proves that both the spice and its virtues were
alike unknown to the Jews, and probably their neighbouring
nations. ‘This singular fate of a valuable luxury, and the cir-
cumstances connected with it, deserve further investigation.
I need scarcely refer to the description of Rumphius, as it is
so very imperfect in detail respecting both the botanical and the
natural history of the plant; but he disarms criticism and all
attempt at censure, by his usual candour in confessing that
it was taken from an exotic, which did not produce a per-
fect fructification, and of which the species is evidently dif
ferent from that of Malabar, and is most likely the Grana_
Paradisi. He talks of the roots being tuberous and having the
flavour of the spice, whereas the subject of the present sketch
is without these marks, the taste of the radical fibres being
nearly insipid, and though the leaves, on being chewed, leave
behind them on the throat and palate an acrimonious sensa-
tioa, no aroma analogous to that of the spice is discernible.
The accuracy of his information may also be suspected, when
he states that Cardamom is a name common all over Upper Hin-
dostan. He may have been misled by Armenian merchants, who
had
of the Malabar Cardamom. 237
had horrowed the appellation from the Greeks in the early period
of its commerce; in which, most probably, they either directly
or indirectly largely participated,
YI.
THE CARDAMOM FARMS. |
The spots chosen for these, called in the Malabar language
iEla-Kandy, literally signifying Cardamom plots, are either level
or gently sloping surfaces, on the highest range of the Ghadtsy
after passing the first declivity from their base. The extent of
climate hitherto known in Malabar to produce them lies betwixt
11° and 12° 30’ N. Lat. or thereabouts.
Steep places and the very summits of the hills would, the na~
tives acknowledge, be also productive,—but with such an accu-
mulation of labour, and in a quantity so stinted, as not to repay
the additional pains: but here we must take ito account their
blind attachment to beaten tracks of cultivating, and their ob-
stinate aversion to all attempts at improvement.
The months of February and March are, on account of the
prevailing dry weather, selected as the most proper for com-
mencing their labours; the first part of which consists in cutting
down the large and small trees promiscuously, leaving, of the
former, standing at nearly equal distances, certain tail and stately
individuals, adapted to that degree of perpendicular shade
which experience teaches them to be most favourable for the
future crops. They affirm, and with some reason, that no little
exactness is required in hitting this prolific medium ; for, as too
much sun burns up; so does excessive shade alike disappoint the
hopes of harvest. ‘The grass and weeds are then cleared away,
and the ground disencumbered from the roots of the brushwood ;
VOL. xX. 21 the
288 Mr. Wurre’s Description and Natural History
the large trees lie where they fall ; the shrubs, roots, and-grass
are piled up in different small heaps, and their spontaneous and
gradual decomposition fertilizes the space they cover*.
They mention it as an infallible sign of future fertility, if the
large trees, on falling, cause a trembling of the adjacent soil or
mountain, as their phrase is; though it is not very probable that
they ever reject a spot once chosen and begun upon, from the
absence of this equivocal and perhaps imaginary symptom. Yet,
if it really does take place, a rationale may be applied to explain
it; for, as the soil of those woods is a very fine mould, soft and
rare in proportion to its volume, so, where thin, and superficially
intercepted by rocky or gravelly strata, it is not likely that it
will be much affected by the gravity of the fall. On the contrary,
if of great depth, the shock will be readily felt, and the com-
motion communicated through the spongy mass, connected as it
is by a close intertexture of roots and fibres, and thus exciting
in the sanguine and simple fancy of those children of nature an
assimilation to an earthquake.
The size of the Ela-Kandy is various ; sometimes from choice,
at others, determined by the nature and extent of the surface or
slope. ‘The largest I saw among fifty did not exceed 60 yards in
one diametez, and 40 in the other. Their form varies likewise,
very commonly oblong or oval, sometimes a contour irregularly
rounded. ‘The variety in these respects is chiefly owing to the
convenience of the standard or permanent trees for shade.
Those with lofty strait stems, extensive heads, and that are in
an adolescent state, and known to be long-lived, are preferred
for this purpose, and left standing at 15 or 20 yards from each
* Mr. Pennant has therefore been Jed into an error in saying that ashes procured by
burning on the spot are used as manure—Vide Pennant’s India, vol. i. :
ieee
otner.
of the Malabar Cardamom 239
other. Much more diminutive plots are also cultivated by a race
of Hill People called Kourchara and Cadera, who are not exactly
slaves, but locally attached, and acknowledging certain obliga-
tions of a feudal and perhaps reciprocal kind to the Nairs in the
neighbourhood. ‘They are, of course, permitted to reap the pro-
duce of their separate industry, without the participation of these
superiors. «
After the operations now described, no further labour is be-
stowed for four years. At the revolution of the fourth rainy sea-
son, and towards its close, they look for a crop, and their hopes
are rarely disappointed: this first effort of nature is generally
scanty; for instance, oaly one-half of what is reaped the follow-
ing year, and only one-fourth of what is yielded after the sixth
rains, at which period the plant has reached its acme of prolific
vigour. Now and then, however, this routine is interrupted,
and its progress protracted, by causes of which they are not very
solicitous to investigate the nature: they remark, however, ex-
cessive and uninterrupted rains to be one source of failure.
In the dry season succeeding to the first crop, they grub up
the undergrowth of shrubs, and clear away the weeds and grass,
laying them up, as before, in heaps to rot ; for in no case do they
set fire to these, the consequence of which practice would be the —
certain failure of the crops. ‘This agrees with the most approved
ideas of agriculture even in Europe, where the most substantial
and copious manures are produced from the mouldering piles of
weeds, and vegetable offals of every description,
This process of cleaning being yearly repeated, the same spot
will continue productive for 50 years and upwards. My in-
formers would not specify any term or number ;, they said that it
exceeded their habits of computation, and the memory of any
one generation, Another opinion similarly founded is, that the
212 exhausted
240 Mr. Wurrr’s Description and Natural History
exhausted Ela-Kandy will require an equal period of years be-
fore it recovers by rest its ancient vigour. Both limits are so far
explicable on natural principles, and. appear to. be regulated by
the exhausting and accumulating excitabilities inherent in the
soil, and. operated upon by a continuance of the same crop.
The suceessive decay and fall of the large standard trees, de-
stroying one of the most essential conditions of the prosperity of
the plantation, is another and evident cireumstance determining
the period: of its duration.
The reproduction of the same trees, to a size capable of shel+
tering the young plants, will give the least measure for the qui-
escent state of the ground, and this cannot be less than twenty or
thirty years, considering their average growth.
The barren state of one Ela-Kandy is iramediately replaced by
the establishment of another on a fresh side, and with similar
properties to, the former; in the choice of which they can never
be at a loss, from the great extent of mountain and wood ina
state of nature; and, the same operations repeated, the customary
routine of crops will follow.
As the Cardamom plants spring up from scattered seeds dor+
mant on the spot, or washed thither by rains from the adjacent
parts, we do not find any regularity in their disposition, nor 1s
the industry of the natives ever exerted to correct this. Accord-
ingly we see them variously grouped ; in- some places crowded.
and extremely luxuriant, in others thin and stunted; some roots
sending forth from twenty to thirty stems, two-thirds or three-
fourths of which bear; others from eight to twelve, and-down to.
four or five. Hence it is difficult to-caleulate the rate of produce
in any one plant.. Each stem sends. forth from its thickened base
from two to four strings or fructiferous panicles; from these issue
alternately. short clusters bearing fram two to three ripe pods.
The:
of the Malabar Cardamom. 241
The length of the common string or stalk varies from four inches
to eighteen, and is sometimes two feet; but these last ex-
tremes are not fertile in proportion. In good years, from four to
six plants will yield of dried pods one dungally, a measure of ca-
pacity equal to four pints Winchester.
Fhe number of plants in an Ela-Kandy they never think of
reckoning. It struck me, on traversing them repeatedly, that the
largest plots might contain from twelve to fifteen hundred..
The abundance of crop, from every inquiry I could make, is
best ensured by a moderate routine of weather, with respect to
dry and wet: the extremes of each are injurious: they dread
most, however, deluging rains, particularly for the young planta-
tions, and during the flowering season, which commences on the
first fall of the rains in April and May, and continues for two
months. ‘The flower being very delicate, and the recumbent and
repent posture of the fruit-panicles, exposes them particularly to
the bad effects of drenehing moisture. Repeated torrents, de-
scending from above, commit their devastation by baring the
roots, and sweeping. away the finest portion of the mould, which
furnishes a nutriment so essential to the vigour of the plants.
What tends to confirm this statement is, that the natives remark
a very general contrast betwixt the Cardamom and Pepper crops.
The seasons favourable to the great produce of the latter are:
found to be adverse to the former, and vice -versd. Now it is well
known, that, m the early part of the season, the rains cannot be
too copious for the Pepper vine. In August and September, the
pods increase and acquire: the greatest size. In the first half of
October, they begin to ripen; then the gathering of the earlier
part commences; the reaping proceeds through all that month.
and November. A longer than usual continuance of the rainy sea-
son may protract the final gathering till the middle of December.
‘ About.
242 Myr. Wutrn’s Description and Natural History
About a fortnight earlier than here stated, the Cardamoms on
the western or sea-side of the Ghatits are gathered ; and to this
they give the name of the Kanni crop, or that of the month an-
swering to the period from the middle of September till the 15th
of October: the other above the Ghats they style the Wretcha-
gau, from the month answering in like manner to our November
— December.
The prior maturity of the former is ascribed, and not without
reason, to the milder temperature of the ocean cherishing the
western exposure, while this gives them the full effect of the
sun’s beams till he sets. It is also found that, during the rainy
monsoon, the intervals of fair weather are more frequent than
above the Ghadts; all which circumstances create an equability
of climate favourable to the earlier production of the spice. ‘The
process of reaping keeps pace with the simplicity of the previous
management. A dry day being chosen, the fruit-stalks are plucked
from the roots, carried to their houses, and laid out to dry on *
mats placed upon a thrashing-floor: a series of four or five dry
days is sufficient to complete the desiccation. The pods being ex-
tricated, by stripping with the fingers, are separated into three or
four sorts, denominated from their respective qualities: 1. Talli-
Kai, the head fruit; 2. Nadu-Kai, the middle; and 3. Poulo-
Kai, the abortive fruit. The last being thrown away, the
two former are mixed together ; the purpose of the separation
being to ascertain the relative proportions, and to render the
whole uniform and marketable. They are then laid up in mat-
bags made of the Pandanus sylvestris of Rumphius, a plant
growing every where around their houses and fields. These bags
are of two sizes, one holding 32 pounds avoirdupois, ora Com-
pany’s maund in Malabar, oxti the other 16 pounds.
The bundles thus prepared by the cultivator are juinedaately
carried
of the Malabar Cardamom. 243
_earried down to shops, or little storehouses, erected by Mopla
merchants, or agents, in different places along the whole range of
hills, and at a little distance from the farms. Here they are sub-
jected to another and final operation by the venders to the whole-
sale merchants on the coast. This consists in holding them over
a gentle and slow fire in flat baskets, while the assistants con-
tinue rubbing them betwixt their hands for a certain time; which
has the effect of detaching what remains of the permanent calyx
and foot-stalks, or other adhering membranes, and gives the pod
that appearance and marketable quality delineated in Tas. V.
figs. 14 and 15. This operation is termed in Malabar Terimbous,
a word expressive of its nature. ‘The Cardamoms are now
weighed for the purpose of ascertaining the respective quotas of
rent payable by the different farmers. The result of this is expect-
ed to correspond with a previous estimation of the quantity of the
crops, taken on the ground before they arrive at maturity ; on the
approach of which, an official deputation, consisting of public
officers and some of the head men of the country well acquainted
with the subject, repairs to the Ela-Kandys, attended by the
proprietors, and there makes the calculation from the combined
eonsideration of the extent of ground, age of the plantation,
and general appearance of the fruit-stalks then in full bearing.
Four or five of the visitors, whose interests are supposed to be
neutral, and equally unbiassed betwixt Government and the
Ryot, successively and seriously deliver their opinions; from
the average of which the official attendants strike a mean, and
mutual satisfaction is generally the consequence. his previous
step is designed to serve as a comparative check to the measuring
after the final drying of the pods, when they are expected to bear
the proportion of one-fifth to the quantity of the green as before
Cheap 2:4 estimated.
244, Mr. Wutrte’s Description and Natural History
estimated. This proportion is judged to be most favourable to
the proprietors, as actual experiments prove it at least to be as
25 to 100; but Government is thus moderate, to encourage the
honesty of the farmers, and to remove all inducement to its
clandestine exportation. The duties, or customs, are paid only
on exportation from the province by sea or land: they amount to
twelve per cent., and the average price is rated at 1200 rupees
per candy of 640 pounds avoirdupois.
The total produce of Wynatd may amount, one year with
another, to something above fifty candies, perhaps fifty-six ;
and this grows on an extent of more than 100 miles, reckoning
the sinuosities and angles of the hills.) The kingdom or country
of the Coorja Rajah produces less by ten or fifteen candies. The
whole site of the growth of this spice on the continent of Hin-
dostan extends from the Soubramany Ghadt, nearly due east
from Mangalore, to Mannaar Ghadt in the same direction from
Calicut.
If nature be propitious to the progress of this valuable pro-
duction from youth to maturity, she has been no less kind in
providing for this last stage, in refusing to the generality of the
inmates of the forest any appetite for the fruit. The natives
mention only a few of the smaller animals whose depredations are
felt, viz. two kinds of squirrels, a large and small species, and the
field rats; but as they did not dwell much on the damage thence
accruing, it is to be presumed that it cannot amount to much.
‘The evils attendant on the reaping to the Kourch-ara, Pani-
ara, &c., who perform the labour, are much more serious. ‘The
sting of the green whip-snake, abounding in those situations, is
instantly fatal, no antidote having yet been found to arrest its
poison.
Fevers
of the Malabar Cardamom. B45
Fevers and fluxes commit ravages much more extensive.—The
season of reaping coincides with that when the insalubrity of
the air happens to be at its highest pitch: the great heats of
October, succeeding to the equinoctial rains, operating upon a
drenched soil, and exhaling vapours from a profusion of Juxu-
riant undergrowth, must accumulate a mass of miasmata which
becomes more intensely noxious by stagnation, a circumstance
of itself well known to have a tendency to corrupt or alter the
healthy proportions of the respirable fluid, and thus lay a sure
foundation for the diseases mentioned. A more directly painful
calamity is never escaped,—that is, numerous bites of leeches (a
small species of Hirudo geometra) whose numbers are infinite,
and attacks incessant. Their size varies from two to six lines.
Their minuteness and gentle mode of suction seldom engage at-
tention or excite precaution ; but, true to the ancient definition,
* non missura cutem, nisi plena cruoris,’ they only fall off when
glutted with blood, the copious flow of which at length indicates
the authors. ‘Che simple consequence of these would be otherwise
little felt, were it not for the abundance of a small shrubby
plant, whose leaves are so acrid, or rather caustic, as to inflame by
simple contact the sound skin for more than a day, as I ex-
perienced in myself; and if they touch a wound made by the
leeches, the inflammation is sure to increase; and most fre-
quently extended ulcerations, phagedenic in their progress and
fatal in their termination, succeed, the symptomatic fever
excited running so high as to carry off the patient, who con-
ceives himself happy if he escape with only a contraction of
the member or muscles thus affected. The name of the plant in
question is Mouricha, denoting in Malabar its cutting or acri-
monious quality. It is from eight to twelve feet high, with large
leaves acutely oval and subserrated ; trunk from two to three
VOL, X. 2x inches
246 Mr, Wurre’s Description and Natural History
inches in diameter. The absence of flowers prevented its genus
being ascertained.
Though the natives of both Wyndad and Coorga affirm that
the situations at present, and from time immemorial, producing
Cardamoms, are the only places where they will thrive; yet, as
they assign no reason for this, nor mention any experiments
having been made to prove the fact, we have every right to
doubt their testimony, and refer their opinion to those habits of
indolence and local prejudice, which characterize the peasantry
in most countries, and which beget in them a stupid aversion
from all schemes of innovation and improvement. This sceptical
suggestion receives great strength, if not confirmation, from a
series of facts which have come under my own observation. The
following is their history :
In October 1802, when the rebellion broke out afresh in
Wyndad, I accompanied the first force sent to quell it. We for-
tified different points at the top of the Ghadts, some in the
neighbourhood of Cardamom ground, others where no farms
had ever been established or thought of. Of this last deserip-
tion was a post at the top of Cottiour Ghadt. Besides clearing
away the grounds adjacent, a great many broad alleys, leading
from the redoubt in various directions through thick and lofty
trees, down and around the hills to Darallour, (another stockade
two miles further inland,) were cut and cleared from grass and
underwood by the pioneers. All these places I had the good for-
tune to revisit the first ten days of this month (October 1806),
and was much gratified and interested by finding great abun-
dance of the Cardamom plant growing luxuriantly, and bearing
in a proportion equal to what I immediately afterwards observed
at the Peria Ghatit. No further labour had been bestowed on
them after our departure; and the similarity of shade and ex-
posure,
‘% ‘ *
waa aa
ee oes
went AMES
of the Malabar Cardamom. 247
posure, from the largest trees being left standing here and there,
had produced the same effects as elsewhere. In the very middle
of the stockade, and on the site of the barracks, I had the
curiosity to reckon the assemblage of stems on two plants, one
of which sent forth twenty-six and the other thirty-two, both
fertile in the usual proportion. I found likewise that high sum-
mits and steep declivities were alike favourable to the prosperity
of the plants; for the stockade itself was built on the declivity
of a high range, and the alleys mentioned led in various wind-
ings down the steepest slopes.
All this ought to convince us, that experiments judiciously in-
stituted, and properly prosecuted, are alone wanting to extend
the Cardamom farms over a much larger space ; and that more-
over, by the knowledge acquired in the course of this expe-
rience, we should most probably attain to some essential im-
provement in the modes of cultivation at present adopted.
REFERENCES TO THE FIGURES.
; ‘ Tas. IV.
A Cardamom plant about three months old, one-fourth of the
natural size.
a, b. T'wo viviparous scions springing from its base.
c. The involuted leaf before evolution.
Tas. V.
Fig. 1. exhibits a full grown Cardamom plant, its stems cut off a
little above the third of its height, which was 12 feet: base
__ of stems immediately above the rings from: 23 to 3} inches
in girth. Its roots depending in their natural habit, pro-
. 2x2 portion,
248
Mr. Wutte’s Description and Natural History
portion, and colour. a,a,q, the tuberous ringed part im-
mediately above ground, with the curved shoots 6, b, 6, b,
germinating, the common peduncle with its pedicles and
partial frugiferous pedicels.
. 2. The partial panicle with its germs and flower viewed in
front. a,a, the double calyx. 6,6, the spathous bracts. c¢,c,c,
the three divisions of the outer and lower border of the
corolla, the middle largest, and their extremities turned up
slipperwise. d, the second or staminiferous division: at the
base of this the hornlets seem to project from the mouth of
the tube horizontally. e, the expanded rhomboidal division
of the upper border, with its pinky ramification.
. 3. The back view of the corolla. 6b, the germen. c,c, the
projecting pair of hornlets, i. e. 3d and 4th divisions of the:
upper border.
. 4. The tube only of the corolla, with the inner calyx, hornlets
and stamen bearing division of the upper border. a,b, show
the two pair of antherous lines im situ, and the sheath above
for the stigma c, this last being turned to one side.
. 5. The same without the calyx. The second division and
hornlets a little magnified. ‘The anthers a, a, raised up and
deflected, to show the sheath more fully.
. 6. The second division a, of the upper border magnified,
showing the upper part of the style stigma and anthers in situ,
lying on its inner surface, and the style ascending through
the orifice b of the tube, straitened by the bulging basis of
the hornlets. .
.7. 8. The naked pistilla, one with the germinal appendices.
a alittle separated, the other with the same in situ.
. 9. A half-grown germen, with the persisting inner calyx,
and its 3-dentate border b, and germinal appendices a.
Fig.
amend eked
C~
Linn Trans Vol. X. Tab. §. p.248.
of the Malabar Cardamom. 249
Fig. 10. The naked pistillum a little magnified, showing the
conical base of the style a, thickening again at d, and the
expanded stigma.
Fig. 11. Longitudinal and transverse sections of the full-grown
pericarpium, as it is taken from the plant, and before
drying.
Fig..12. Two seeds a little nagar a the convex side, } the
flat grooved one..
Fig. 13. 'The bare capsule, one rem removed to show the trian-
gular rachis or seed-receptacle, with one of the eight-toothed
belts.or fasciz lining one of its angles—viewed in front.
Fig. 14. 15..The Cardamom pod, as it comes to market from the
drying processes..
Additional Remarks by William, George Maton, M.D. V.P.L.S..
Sc. fc.
If the author of: the- foregoing valuable communication had
been conversant with Mr. Roscoe’s arrangement of the Scitaminee
(in the 8th voliime of’ The Linnean Transactions), it is most ‘pro-
bable that he weuld not have referred the plant producing the
Malabar Cardamom to the genus Amomum, notwithstanding it
has hitherto been :piaced under that’ appellation by» most’ other:
botanical writers.”
The filament, or antheriferous petal of Amomum:(according to’
Mr. Roscoe) extends beyond the anthera, and terminates ‘in three
lobes ; whereas, in the-plant so fully~described and minutely:
figured by Mr: White, the anthera is of equal length with the
filament, and appears to’ be somewhat emarginated, the notch’
ee the obtusely triangular stigma. Neither can this plant be:
considered.
250 Dr. Maton’s additional Remarks
considered as an dAlpinia, or an Hellenia, without great violence
to its natural characters, for the inflorescence issues horizontally
from the tuberous, annulated part of the stem, near the root ;
but in the genera just mentioned it is terminal, from the extre-
mities of the leafy shoots,—a difference (as Mr. Roscoe also
remarks, in a letter with which he has favoured me on this sub-
ject) too great to be made a mere specific distinction; and I
cannot help suspecting that the fruit, likewise, will be found to
be different, though my opportunities of investigation have not
been sufficient to warrant my being confident on this point.
From Philydrum there is a sufficient distinction in the absence
of the woolly appendage at the base of the tube, and from
Hedychium in the anthera not being placed marginally on the
filament. According to Mr. Roscoe, all the Renealmie (except
R. exaltata perhaps) are reducible to the genus Alpinia, their in-
florescence being terminal ; and the description of R, ewaltata,
as given in the Supplementum Plantarum, cuts off that plant
from a generic alliance with the Cardamom, the fruit of the
former being a cylindrical bacca, containing seeds perfectly
smooth,
Hence it seems necessary to place the Cardamom under a new
genus, to which I propose to affix the name of E.erraria,
from Elettari, the original Malabar appellation, as given in the
Hortus Malabaricus. 1 cannot.help considering it as premature
to attempt to draw its botanical characters in a regular manner,
until opportunities are afforded of comparing this plant, in
the different stages of fructification, with its congeners, particu-
larly Amomum and Alpinia, of which perfect specimens in a
living state ought to be carefully vestigated, before any discri-
minations, can be satisfactorily established. In the mean. time,
it may be of some importance to collate the figures and descrip~
tions
on the Malabar Cardamom. 251
tions given by various authors, and to extricate from the unac-
countable confusion, in which the botanical history of the Mala-
bar Cardamom has been involved, such synonyms as ought to
accompany it in its future station in the Species Plantarum.
What the Cardamom of the ancients was, it is now scarcély
possible, I think, to determine, so imperfect are the notices of
' it which they have left behind them. There is good reason to
suppose however, that the article bearing that name in their
Materia Medica, was not the common Cardamom of our shops.
Both Clusius and john Bauhin appear to have been convinced
of this, and to neither of these early authors, nor indeed to
Caspar Bauhin, are we to ascribe any of the inaccuracies that
have found their way into later descriptions of this celebrated
aromatic; but the plant producing it was not satisfactorily made
known, until the publication of the Hortus Malabaricus, in which
the delineation of it is so striking that we cannot but wonder at
all perplexity, as to its prominent characters, not having been
then precluded. Yet Burmann, though he had probably séen a
specimen of the true Cardamom in Hermann’s herbarium, and
though he expressly asserts that the Ensal of the last-mentioned
author agrees with Van Rheede’s figures of the Elettari, arid with
Clusius’s description and figure of “Cardamomum minus culgare,”
(lib. 1-:Aromat. c. 24.) makes a reference to Bontius’s Java
(p- 126) for the same species. Bontius, it is true, places by the
side of his plant the capsule of the Malabar Cardamom, but,
the plant itself is represented with a simple, compact spike, and
seems to be no other than Amomum compactum, (of Solander’s
MSS.) or the Cardamom of Java*. In justice to Burmann,
* Specimens and.a sketch of this species (the latter made on the spot, when Sir
Joseph Banks was in the island of Jaya,) I haye had opportunities of examining in the
Banksian Jibrary.
however,
952: Dr. Maton’s additional Remarks
however, I ought to mention, that Commelin was guilty of the
same error before him, referring to Bontius’s Cardamomum minus
as being the saine as Van Rheede’s, in his Horti Malabarici Cata-
logus, p. 18.
From the mistake made by Burmann appear to have originated
the erroneous description and discordant references given, on
the subject of the Cardamom, in the works of Linnzus, and
which have partly descended to some of his editors. If, in
writing his Flora Zeylanica, Linneus had found a specimen of
the Ensal in Hermann’s herbarium, or if he had consulted the
figures of Van Rheede, the errors, which commenced with that
Flora, could not, I think, have existed. That there was not a
specimen of the Ensal in the herbarium of Hermann, I have ac-
tually ascertained, having examined that collection on purpose ;
and that Linneus had not an opportunity of verifying Bur-
mann’s references, by consulting the Hortus Malabaricus at the
same time with the other works quoted by that author, is ren-
dered highly probable, on account of his not having been pos-
sessed of the work, for which he was obliged to send to the
Academy of Sciences at Stockholm (as I am informed by Mr.
Dryander) whenever the use of it was indispensable to him.
Neither had he any specimen of the true Cardamom in his own
‘herbarium, that which he seems to have considered .as such
having a compact spike, though it is labelled as being “‘ from Su-
rat,” whence he could not have received it until some time after
the publication of his Flora Zeylanica, and Materia Medica; for
he had no correspondent (I imagine) in that part of India, prior
to his pupil Toren’s voyage, in 1750. Toren mentions having
been at Surat; but it is wonderful enough that he does not enter
upon any description of so remarkable a plant as the Cardamom,
which he probably would have done, had he seen it growing;
and
on the Malabar Cardamom. 258
and, as we find that he sailed immediately afterwards to Java,
it is not an unreasonable conjecture, that he may have sent
home Bontius’s plant from that island, and that the specimen,
through some hurry either of the collector himself, or of his
master, when it arrived in Sweden, may have been wrongly
noted as being from India. Be this as it may, it is clear that
Linneus bas confounded the Javanese Cardamom with that of
Malabar, having quoted both Bontius and Van Rheede as sy-
nonyms, and not only tab. 4 and 5 (vol. 11.) of the latter, but
also tab. 6, which confirms the supposition of his having copied
Burmann’s reference upon trust.at that time, for Burmann had
been guilty of the same error. We find Linneus adding to all
this inaccuracy, by quoting also Barrclier, 1396, tab. 571, which
plate is obviously copied from the figure entitled “* Amomo legi-
timo degli antichi,” and prefixed to Marogna’s commentary on
the subject, accompanying Pona’s “ Monte Baldo descritto.”
The pharmaceutical synonym (subjoined to the others) of “ Car-
‘damomum minus” precludes all doubt of his intending to point
out the plant which produces the common Cardamom of our
shops. The Flora Zeylanica, however, is known to have been
written in haste, and its author discovered some of the mistakes
into which he had been led, before he published his Species
Plantarum, because be there discards many of his former re-
ferences, but amongst these, unfortunately, tab. 4 and 5 of the
Hortus Malabaricus, retaining only tab. 6. This last-mentioned
error is unaccountable, for the very same plate is referred to by
him for Amomum Granum Paradisi (with which it will probably
be found to agree very well) ; and it is curious to observe that
‘this gross inaccuracy exists also in his editor Reichard. To com-
plete the confusion of our illustrious author in regard to the
Cardamom, in his second edition of the Species Plantarum he
voL. xX. 21. not
254 Dr. Maton’s additional Remarks
not only retains the erroneous reference to Van Rheede’s tab. 6,
but adduces also, as a synonym, “ Cardamomum minus, Rumph.
Amb. 5. p. 152. t. 65. f. 1,” than which nothing can worse cor-
respond with the Cardamom of Malabar. Moreover, he changes
his description, (which, in the first instance, was at least ambi-
guous,) and stamps the species with the character of “ scapo
simplicissimo, brevissimo,”. which is contradicted by his very re-
ference to Van Rheede! Some of this confusion has been re-
moved by the laborious Willdenow, who, very properly, separates
the references to Linnzus’s Flora Zeylanica, Van Rheede’s tab. 4
and 35, and Hermann’s Museum Zeylanicum 66, from the charac-
ters in the 2d edition of the Species Plantarum and from the
Cardamomum minus of Rumphius, placing the former set of
synonyms under Sonnerat’s name of Amomum repens, and the
latter under the original name of A.Cardamomum. But, as I
have before remarked, the Malabar Cardamom cannot now,
consistently with the new arrangement of Mr. Roscoe, be con-
sidered as belonging to that genus; and (with all due respect for
the high authority of the Berlin editor) I cannot consider it
proper to attach the original trivial name of Cardamomum to the
plant not producing the article bearing this appellation in the
shops, and which plant will probably prove to be no other than
the Amomum compactum of Solander. These observations apply
also to the A. Cardamomum of Mr. Roscoe.
The following is the result of my endeavours to ascertain the
true synonyms of
ELETTARIA Carpamomoum.
Cardamomum minus. Clusii de Aromat. lib. 1. c. 24. p. 187.
Matthiol. sur Diosc. {Pinet) p.6. Bodai Annot. in Theophrastum,
p- 1014. fig.
Cardamomum
on the Malabar Cardamom, 255
Cardamomum cum siliquis sive thecis brevibus. J. Bauhini
Hist. Plant. tom. 2. lib. 15. p. 205.
Cardamomum simpliciter in officinis dictum. Cardamomum
verum, Angl C. Bauhini Pinaz, p. 414.
Elettari. Van Rheede Hort. Malab. vol. 11. p. 9. t. 4. 5.
Cardamomum Ensal dictum. Burmanni Thes. Zeyl. p. 54.
Cardamomum minus officinarum. Dale Pharm. p.276. Geof-
froy Mat. Med. p. 368. Linn. Mat. Med. p. 2. *
Amomum repens. Sonnerat Voy, tom. 2. p. 240. pl. 136. Ros-
coe, in Act. Soc. Linn. 8. p. 353.
Ang]. Lesser Carpamom.
* In Schreber’s edition of this work, the characters of the Malabar Cardamom are
(erroneously) taken from the 2d edition of the Species Plantarum, with references.to
the discordant figures of Van Rheede and Rumphius.
2a Ss VIL. Some
( 256»)
VII. Some Account of the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. By
Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq., F.R.S. and A.S., V.P.L.S.
Read December 20, 1808, and March 21, 1809.
Tuer Herbarium of the celebrated Professor Pallas has lately
come into my hands. It was brought to this country from Russia
by the well known travellers Dr. Clarke and Mr. Cripps, who pur-
chased it of him while on a visit at his house in the Crimea, and
afterwards, in May 1808, sold it by auction in London.
It contains some thousands of specimens in very fine preserva-
tion, especially those which belong to the Russian empire, col-
lected in his various journeys undertaken to investigate and
publish the Natural History of that extensive country. The
plants are the best prepared of any I have ever seen, except a
collection a few years ago from Cayenne, taken from the French,
who excel so much in their manner of preparing their collections
of Natural History in the countries they explore; and who have
of late years brought home so many valuable ones from New-Hol-
land, and from countries within the tropics.
It also contains many hundreds of specimens given to Pallas
by various celebrated botanists. George Forster, who accom-
panied his father with Captain Cook in his second voyage round
the world, and who afterwards was engaged by the Empress
Catherine to join in a similar expedition, which never took effect,
sent
Mr. LampBert’s Account of the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. 257
sent to Pallas fine specimens of all the plants gathered during
his voyage with Cook. I find several species here not in his own
Herbarium, which I purchased some years ago from his father-
in-law Professor Heyne.
All the plants collected in Billing’s expedition, by Dr. Merke,
the naturalist employed in that voyage, and others, appear to be
here; but I have not been able to find among them a celebrated
plant mentioned by Sauer in his account of that expedition, and
called there Zemlenoi Laudon, or frankincense of the earth, (see
page 28,) unless it be Cachrys odontalgica. Sir Joseph Banks sent
Pallas a fine collection of specimens, which were collected by him
and Dr. Solander in their celebrated voyage with Captain Cook.
‘There are also a great number of species from Professor Thunberg,
and Grecian plants from the late much lamented Dr. Sibthorp.
Among these is the true Hellebore of the ancients, found by him
on mount Olympus, the Helleborus officinalis of Dr. Smith’s Pro-
dromus Flore Grece. 1 find also many plants of the Flora Au-
striaca from Jacquin, and several of Forskahl’s, communicated
by Vahl. Cavanilles appears to have sent to Pallas many plants
from Spain. Here is also a curious collection from Persia, made
chiefly in the neighbourhood of Gilan by Gmelin; and in it I ob-
serve the Ferula assafetidu, but without fructification. ‘There are
many specimens of Russian plants from Gmelin, Georgi, and
others, all named and numbered according to their works, and
having synonyms of the older authors prefixed: also from Steller,
with names and numbers from his unpublished Flora Ochotensis
and other MS. works mentioned by Pallas in the preface to his
Flora Rossica.
Pallas’s plants of his own collecting are very rich in dupli-
cates; of some there are as many as fifteen or twenty, in every
state he could find them both in flower and fruit; and whenever
he
258 Mr. LamBert’s Account of
he discovered the same species altered by soil or situation, heseems
never to have neglected preserving it. Every specimen is named in
his own hand-writing, and the habitats noted, sometimes with ob-
servations: as for instance, with respect to his Phlomis Herba-venti,
of which Willdenow makes a new species Ph. pungens, he observes
that a decoction of this plant is used by the Russians as one of the
best means of hardening steel. In this Herbarium I find the
greatest part of the plants figured in the Flora Sibirica of Gmelin ;
several very good specimens of that fine plant Campanula punc-
tata; and those figured in Amman’s Stirp. Rarior. with Cypripe-
dium guttatum, which our President informed me he had never
been able to find in any other collection. ‘The plants of Flora Ros-
sica, and those of Pallas’s Travels; all his Astragali and Salsole,
and all the plants collected in his last tour in the Crimea are here,
besides a great number of new species not noticed in any of the
above-mentioned works, and which no doubt he intended to
have published in the continuation of that splendid work the
Flora Rossica, of which plates have been already engraved
sufficient, as I understand from Dr. Clarke, to make another
volume; and which, I hope, wil! soon make its appearance, as
it only waits for some bookseller to undertake it: some of these
plates are already cited by Professor Georgi in his Beschretbung
des Russischen Reichs. 1 find Pallas, in the MS. to some of his
specimens, has changed their names from those published in
some of the volumes of the Petersburgh ‘Transactions, and in his
own Travels, but for what reason I know not. He calls Phlomis
alpina, Leonurus altaicus; and Solidago palmata, in the French
edition of his ‘ravels, by Lamarck, in a note vol..vi. page 399,
appears again in the same volume page 166, under the name of
Senecio palmatus, and in his Herbarium by that of Senecio davu-
gicus; so, that it requires some time and pains to make out his
species,
we oe et ,
pun To. ; this: 7. . 7 Sigh ; td
POOR 1 LG STR.) Q EECA wey aie
ede Pet, aA Oe PTA! ay Ww Oe LER ytd o
‘i besa Penis #229. Dae th athe BY
Reet athe: apes paPa Tie dels |b pectiatha, saiby ip rail:
atl iy. beste Sees at ate © Ba. Pa analy vs
Ay oO Raine team asel.: ida ratio 7 py aiien
ne on hath: a mya Mi Ne ie toa bay ninldicid
bas i Wiad inatrbhetk Lieu Sedat | Nine ca N
i eRe Nias . ; a?
‘ SE apateh: vae aaa iy 4
vie? Sin Seat sae i |
PP Hirt waned Bad oe
el Dee avantes «ak ibe
dena dn} emnenedeabs’ sy aabie
han de 103 enig ts ie
siete Sapheth harap
BY bs a5ucA
r. areas itvdiiad %
Linn. Trans. Vol. X, Tab. 6. p.
Sx 19) i) : f
DY See 0 JoUlevens
i it ' = ‘ j re
; ey 4 d
( Py gt . fe
ae tela sofalifola e ‘a
; SN fi :
- EEF
a é c ie
the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. 259
species. Of Moluccella grandiflora of the Species Plantarum by
Willdenow, which is M. diacanthophylla of Pallas in Nov. Act.
Petrop. vol. x. page 380, table 11, the very specimens from
which the figures seem to have been made, are named in his MS.
Moluccella quadrangularis, species nova e deserto Buscarico. A plant
which he describes in the Appendix to his Travels as Planta
Salsa, &c., and supposes it to be a Cacalia, I have not been
able to discover as yet, unless he has placed it in another genus,
which is most likely, or that somebody is more fortunate than
myself in the possession of it. Lamarck observes in the preface
to Pallas’s Travels, that he mentions the same plants repeatedly,
even the most common ones,—which certainly is sometimes the
case ; because, perhaps, he thought that they would be better
understood by the generality of his readers, and did not like to
give details of new species there, which he intended to publish
in a work devoted to that purpose. As I am preparing to give a
catalogue of all the species found in his Herbarium, with the ob-
servations I there find in MS., I shall now only submit to the
Society an account of some of the most remarkable species that
I have already noticed ; and express a hope that in future every
botanist sent on similar expeditions may execute his charge with
as much assiduity as Pallas has done, and bring us home as ex-
tensive collections.
PENTSTEMON rrvtescens.
Tas. VI. Fig. 1.
PENTSTEMON caule frutescente ramoso.
Digitalis Dasyantha. Pall. MSS.
Habitat in Camtschatka et Unalashka. Pall, MSS. ».
Nod reine ds
Pa
LOBELIA
260 Mr. LampBert’s Account of
LOBELIA sgssrurFottra. ”
TasivTy Fig:2.
Lozsetta caule herbaceo folioso glabro simplicissimo, foliis ob-
longo-lanceolatis serrulatis sessilibus utrinque nudis, pedun-
culis axillaribus folio brevioribus.
Lobelia camtschatica. Pall. MSS.
Habitat in Camtschatka. Pallas. y.
_ This singular species has so much the habit of some species of
Euphorbia, that without fructification it might easily be mistaken
for one of that genus. The stems are above a foot in height,
without any sort of pubescence, round, shining, and striated ;
naked towards the base, and marked with a few scars from the
fall of the leaves, which are of a dull green, with their edges
finely serrated, conspicuously veined on their lower side, but
nearly veinless above, and appear to be affixed in a spiral
direction.
PHELIPAA:.
Tourn. Cor. p. 47. t. 479. Desfont. in An. Mus. Hist. Nat. 10.
p. 298. t.21. Juss. in An. Mus. Hist. Nat. 12. p. 445.
PHELIPEA FOLIATA.
Tas. VII.
Puretieza caulibus parce foliatis simplicibus unifloris, corolla
lacinils subovatis.
Orobanche Phelypza. Marsch. v. Bieberst. Terek und Kur, in
Ken. An. Bot. 2. p. 447. synonymo Tournefortii excluso.
O. coccinea. Willd. Sp. Pl: 3. p. 354, sine oe uetoeti
Lathrea Phelypea. Pall. MSS.
Habitat in monte Caucaso et Taurid. Pall. MSS. y.
This
Vee
, cides
ahi genres
the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. 261
‘This new addition to the Geaus Phelipca of Tournefort, again
re-established by Desfontaines from his MSS. and the original
drawing of Aubriet in the Museum of Natural History at Paris,
and confirmed by the authority of Jussieu, throws considerable
light upon the character of that curious genus ; and is the more
interesting, that no specimens of the Rhelipea Tourneforti now
remain in his Herbarium, or are known to exist in any other
collection.
The specimens of Phelipea foliata in the Pallasian collection
rise from a short scaly root a little fibrous below, to from ten to
eighteen inches in height ; the stems striated and a little flexuose,
leafy towards the base, but naked a considerable way below the
flower. The specimens from Caucasus, when magnified, appear
a little villose; those from 'Tauria are shining, and without any
sort of pubescence. ‘The calyx is bilabiate, with the upper lip
three-cleft, the divisions approaching each other and a little
incurved ; the under lip is deeply two-parted, with the divisions
more obtuse and longer than in the upper lip. The tube of the
corolla is curved, the limb bilabiate with the upper lip two-
parted, the divisions nearly oval, and the lower lip three-parted
and considerably longer. The filaments are broad, compressed
and approaching in pairs, two of them considerably sherter, and
are inserted in the tube of the corolla. The anthers are large,
with two cells, and of a shape nearly resembling a heart inverted
with a double point. ‘The style-is round and incurved ; the stigma
very large, and nearly hemispherical. The capsule is oval, with
the seeds affixed to four fleshy branched receptacles adhering
Jongitudinally to its sides, and ramifying throughout the whole
of its interior, but without appearing to unite with one another.
The seeds are very small, nearly oval, shining, and exceedingly
numerous, covering every lobe and sinus of the receptacles.
¥OL. x. 2M This
262 Mr. Lamepert’s Account of
This curious structure of the fruit confirms the close affinity
before suspected by Jussieu to exist between Phelipaa and the
Aiginetia of Linneus* and Roxburgh+, the capsule of which is
described by the latter as having a nwmber of convoluted lamine
throughout, between which are lodged innumerable most minute seeds,
and may possibly be nearly of the same construction as in
Phelipea, although the entire sheathing calyx and regular co-
rolla in A’ginetia are abundantly sufficient to distinguish the
two genera.
In addition to the foregoing account of Pallas’s Herbarium, I
now beg leave to mention that I have since discovered in it fine
specimens in fructification from that celebrated Palm growing in
the garden at Berlin, which Linneus calls Phenix dactylifera,
the Date Palm, in his Dissertation on the Sexes of Plants. See
Dr. Smith’s translation of that work, page 51. Our President
also mentions it in his Introduction to Botany, page 321, saying
in a note, “What species of Palm was the subject of this experi-
ment does not clearly appear. In the original communication to
Dr. Watson printed in the Preface to Lee’s Introduction to
Botany, it is called Palma major foliis flabelliformibus. Ait. Hort.
Kew. vol. 3. 473. Yet Linnzus, in his dissertation on the subject,
expressly calls it Phania dactylifera, the Date Palm, and says he
had in his garden many vigorous plants raised from a portion of
the seeds above mentioned. The great success of the experiment,
and the ‘ fan-shaped’ leaves, make me rather take it for the
Rhapis, a plant not well known to Linneus.” Now it appears
* Sp. Pl. ed. 1. p. 632.
+ Plants of the Coast of Coromandel, i. p, 63, tab. 91.
from
ESE i ies sce 5m
IE 2 TL VR Seay uns
the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. 263
from Pallas’s specimens sent to him from Berlin (above men-
tioned) to be the Chamerops humilis Linn., and that variety which
is said to:grow twenty feet high. | Willdenow, in his Preface to
the Hortus Berolinensis, also considers it to be that plant. ‘Two
labels accompany the specimens, with the following inscriptions
on them :
“Chamerops* arborea feminea, Palma nostra in H. R. Bero-
linensi culta, per foecundationem artificialem ab Ill. Gleditsch
instituta, maxime celebrata.
« Soboles exinde ortz ad 3 pedum altitudinem fere accedentes
in eodem viridario aluntur sub matris umbra.”
‘A sketch from one of the specimens is annexed, Tab. VIII.
Whether the two supposed varieties may not be distinct species,
we must leave to those botanists who nae an opportunity of ob-
sigs them where — grow.
oy
Ow further examination of this Herbarium, I have found some
more new plants, and others. but very little known, which I beg
leave to lay before.the Society. The greater part of the plants
foupd by Sievers in his journey to discover the true Rhubarb,
and by him communicated to Pallas, are in this collection. One
of the most remarkable is the Robinia jubata, first published in
the Nova Acta Academie Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitane ;
also’ more perfect specimens of the same sent by the Governor of
Irkutsk at Pallas’s request, and from which the superb figure in
Pallas’s Species Astragalorum, tab. 85, was taken : these are nearly
three feet in length, and in excellent preservation. Rheum nutans,
sibiricum and caspicum also of the Flora Rossica, vol. 2, quoted
* « Chamerops No. 4. Chameer. arborea feminea, L. p, 1657.”
2m 2 by
264 Mr. Lampert’s Account of
by Professor Georgi in his Beschreibung des Russichen Reichs, but
yet unpublished ; a new species of Rumex, R. graminifolius of
Professor Rudolph, whose specimens of it I have also received
through the kindness of my friend Dr. E. D. Clarke, of Cam-
bridgé ; the beautiful and rare Lilium camtschatcense of Linnzus;
a remarkable new species of Vaccinium which we had _ before
heard of, and been Jong anxious to see. The following note
affixed to the plant by Professor Rudolph, from whose Herbarium
I received it, (there beimg no specimen of it in the Pallasian col-
Jection,) contains all that we yet know concerning it: “ Vacci-
nium prestans. Hocce Vaccinium a nemine hucusque est visum.
Crescit in remotissimo deserto, et in unico loco et paucissimis
incolis Kamtschatkz tantummodo noto. Baccz perquam grate
sapide sunt. Specimina cum floribus nequisquam, quamvis 100
rubelonum pretium oblatum fuit, ausus est colligere.” The fol-
lowing specific character will, I trust, distinguish it from its con-
geners.
VACCINIUM presrans.
Vaccinium caule humile adscendens, foliis magnis obovalibus
serrulatis ciliatis venosis, fructu subgloboso amplissimo. » .
A sketch from the specimen is annexed, Tab. IX.
For the Rumex I here propose the following specific character.
RUMEX eramiInirotivs.
Rumex foliis gramineis levibus integerrimis: vel lacinulis dua-
bus oppositis appendiculatis.
Tas. X.
R. graminifolius. Georgi Besch. Russ. Reichs. p. 921, sine nota.
Habitat in Kamtschatkaé ad mare glaciale. Rudolph. In insulis
Curilis. Pallas. ».
The
Linn Drans Vol. X. Tab.8.p.264.
Nogectiaicon Srasstans
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the Herbarium of Professor Pallas. 265
The specimens of Lilium camtschatcense, of which a figure is
annexed, Tab. XI., vary in length from six to eighteen inches,
with the upper leaves alternate, and the lower in whorls, generally
by fives; but sometimes by threes, or in opposite pairs towards
the top. The roots are very remarkable, being composed of little
tubers or grains, imbricated round a central pillar, like the
grains of Maize, only much smaller, with a few branched fibres
at the base. ‘The flowers are terminal, and vary in my. speci-
mens from one to three on each stem. It has already been sup-
posed to be a species of Fritillaria, and the specimens seem to
confirm the conjecture, as the short stamens, large recurved
stigmas, and very short style, accord much better with that genus.
What may be the situation or form of the nectaries I have not
been able to discover:
VIII. Some
( 266 )
VIII. Some Remarks on the Synonyms and native Country of
Hypericum calycinum. By J. E. Smith, M.D., F.R.S., and
PULLS.
Read March 21, 1809.
Towanps the end of last August I received from Mr. Hincks,
Secretary to the Cork Institation, a specimen of Hypericum caly-
cinum, gathered, by Mr. Drummond, Curator of the botanic
garden near that city, about three miles from Cork in the road
to Bandon, where these gentlemen assure me the plant in ques-
tion grows wild in great abundance. This communication led
me to investigate the reputed places of growth of this species,
as well as of the Hypericum Ascyron, with which Linnzus and
some other botanists have confounded it. This confusion was
first publicly corrected in the Hortus Kewensis, v. 3. 103, where
the synonyms of the calycinum are rightly given. Two years af-
terwards Mr. Curtis published this plant in his Magazine, v. 5.
t. 146, judiciously adopting the corrections in the Hortus Kew-
ensis, but relapsing into an old error in quoting Bauhin’s Ascy-
rum magno flore. 'The occurrence of this quotation chiefly excited
in my mind a desire to investigate the whole subject; for I must
honestly confess that, as Bauhin’s plant was gathered by Burser
on the Pyrenean mountains, J should have been glad to have
found it the same with our Irish one, as confirming the wildness
of the latter. My first object therefore was to determine the plant
of
Dr. Surtu’s Remarks on Hypericum calycinum. 267
of Bauhin, described in his Prodromus, p. 130, from Burser’s
specimen, and therefore to be ascertained by the herbarium of
the latter at Upsal. On turning to Linneus’s own copy of Bau-
hin, I found a mark indicating that he had made this inquiry,
and the result is recorded in an unpublished manuscript note in
the first edition of his Species Plantarum to the following effect :
« The true Linnean Hypericum Ascyron is the same with that of
Burser. Its stem is perfectly straight and altogether herbaceous.
If therefore the plant of Wheeler be shrubby and inclining, it is
certainly another species.”
In consequence of this discovery of Linnzus, the synonym of
Wheeler is not given under H. Ascyron in the second edition of
Sp. Pl., though. that of Morison is still retained, Linnzus not
having perceived that Morison figures Wheeler's plant, while the
latter part of his description only belongs to it, the former being
transcribed from Bauhin’s Prodromus. Such faults are common in
writers who work on the plan of Morison, and he errs also in men-
tioning Mount Olympus as the place where Sir George Wheeler
gathered his plant. But though Linneus rejected Wheeler's
synonym for his H. Ascyron, he has not either referred it to any
other old species, nor described it afresh as a new one, at least
in the Sp. Plantarum. In his Mantissa indeed, p. 106, he has de-
scribed the species in question by the new name of Hypericum
calycinum, but without any synonym ; and he had now so totally
forgotten his former note, and the reference to Wheeler's Journey,
that he gives North America, with a doubt, as the native coun-
try of his calycinum. This was a mere guess, devoid of all founda-
tion. The specimens of this species in his herbarium appear to be
garden ones ; so does the original authentic one of his H. Ascyron,
though to the latter he has pinned a plant raised by Gronovius
from Pennsylvanian seed, which is H. pyramidatum of Hort. Kew.
. recently
268 Dr. Smirn’s Remarks on the Synonyms and
recently figured by Ventenat in his splendid Jardin de la Malmai-
son, t. 118; as well as two wild Siberian specimens of the plant
figured by Gmelin, 0. 4. ¢. 69. This last figure is quoted in the
second Manlissa, p. 455, for H. Ascyron, which Gmelin thought
it to be, perhaps rightly; but the calyx is much larger than
usual, and very unequal, so as to raise a doubt in my mind.
The main point, however, respecting our present inquiry is esta-
blished, that the true H. Ascyron, which is the Ascyron magno
flore, Bauh. Pin. 280, Prod. 130, is a native of the Pyrenees ;
perhaps also of moist meadows in Siberia. My next object was
to ascertain what Tournefort understood by the above phrase of
Bauhin, adopted in his IJnstitutiones Rei Herbarie, 256, under
which he quotes Morison, who, as I have said, confounds two
species together. ‘This question is decided by Tournefort’s ¢. 131,
f. 2, evidently drawn from H. Ascyron and not from H. calycinum,
which last it appears Tournefort never knew, otherwise he could
not have passed it over. The next botanist after Sir George
Wheeler who gathered H. calycinum wild was the late Professor
John Sibthorp, who found it in the woods about the village of
Belgrad near Constantinople, no doubt the same place where
Wheeler first discovered it. The situation is not unlike that near
Cork where Mr. Drummond found our specimen, sheltered, and
of no considerable elevation, with a southern exposure towards
the sea. Dr. Sibthorp has left a figure of this plant for the Flora
Greca, which is one of Mr. Ferdinand Bauer’s most exquisite
drawings ; but he mistook it for H. Ascyron, and has therefore
quoted Tournefort’s synonym above mentioned. No other plant
in this writers Institutiones or Corollarium, as far as I can dis-
cover, can possibly be referred to H. calycinum. Ventenat de-
termined his Ascyrum erectum, salicis folio, magno flore, Inst. 256,
by Jussieu’s herbarium, to be H. pyramidatum.
It
native Country of Hypericum calycinum. 269
It seems therefore that H. calycinum, though so commonly cul-
tivated in the English gardens and shrubberies, to which Sir
George Wheeler introduced it in 1676, has not been found wild
in any other part of the world than at Belgrad near Constanti-
nople, and between Cork and Bandon in Ireland ; two situations,
though remote from each other, and differing about ten degrees
in-Jatitude, not unlike with respect to their exposure. We know
moreover, by daily experience, that the plant under considera-
tion is able to bear a much colder climate than either. In con-
sequence of the above discovery, the Hypericum calycinum will
make the first plate in the 29th volume of English Botany.
Norwich, March 15, 1809.
VOL. Xs 2N IX. Notes
( 270 )
1X. Notes relating to Botany, collected from the Manuscripts of
the late Peter Collinson, Esq., I'.R.S., and communicated by
Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq., F.R.S. and A.S., V.P.L.S.
Read April 18, 1809.
Brine lately on a visit to John Cator, Esq., of Beckenham-
Place, and looking one day over his library, amongst a collec-
tion of books left him by his uncle, who married the daughter of
the celebrated Peter Collinson, I discovered several which had
formerly belonged to that eminent naturalist. One of them was
his own copy of Miller’s Gardener’s and Botanist’s Dictionary,
the last edition published by the author, with the following note
at the bottom of the title page: “The gift of my old friend the
author to P. Collinson, F.R.S.” This book contains a great
deal of his manuscript notes relating to the plants cultivated in
those days, both in his own gardens and in those of the most
celebrated of his contemporaries ; with a complete catalogue of
the plants he had cultivated in his garden at Mill-Hill, and a list
of all those which he had himself introduced into this country
from Russia, Siberia, America, and other parts of the world;
also some original letters from Dillenius, Miller, Bartram, and
others; and a short account of his own life, which appears not
to have been known to his biographers. Mr. Cator having obli-
-gingly
Notes relating to Botany. 971
gingly permitted me to take a copy of the whole, I now submit
to the Linnean Society those parts which I think most worthy
A.B. L.
of their notice.
I WAS born in the house against Church-Alley, Clement’s Lane,
Lombard-Street, from whence my parents removed into Grace-
church-Street, where I have now lived many years. [July 18th,
1764.] Gardening and gardeners have wonderfully increased in.
my memory. Being sent at two years old to be brought up with
my relations at Peckham, im Surry ; from them I received the
first liking to gardens and plants. Their garden was remarkable
for fine cut greens, the fashion of those times, and for curious.
flowers. I often went with them to visit the few nursery-gardens:
round London to buy fruits, flowers, and clipt yews in the
shapes of birds, dogs, men, ships, &c. For these Mr. Parkinson.
in Lambeth was very much noted, and he had besides a few
myrtles, oleanders, and other evergreens. This was about the
year 1712. At that time Mr. Wrench, behind the Earl of Peter--
borough’s at Parson’s Green near Chelsea, famous for tulip-trees,.
began the collecting of evergreens, arbutuses, phillyreas, &c. ;.
and from him came the gold and silver hedgehog-holly, being.
accidental varieties from the hedgehog variety ‘of the common.
holly. He gave rewards to encourage people to look out for ac-
cidental varieties from the common holly; and the saw-leaved.
holly was observed by these means, and a variegated holly goes.
by his name to this day. He and Parkinson died about the
year 1724. Contemporary with them were Mr.. Derby and Mr.
Fairchild; they had their gardens on each side the narrow alley.
leading to Mt. George Whitmore’s, at the further end of Hoxton..
2n2 As.
972 Notes relating to Botany, collected from
As their gardens were small, they were the only people for
exotics, and had many stoves and green-houses for all sorts of
aloes and succulent plants; with oranges, lemons, and other rare
plants. At the other end of the town were two famous nursery-
men, Furber and Gray, having large tracts of ground in that
way, and vast stocks; for the taste “ae gardening increased annu-
ally. Doctor Compton, bishop of London, was a great lover of
rare plants, as well such as came from the West Indies as from
North America, and had the greatest collection then in England,
After his death the see was filled by Bishop Robinson, a man
destitute of any such taste, who allowed his gardener to sell what
he pleased, and often spoiled what he could not otherwise
dispose of. Many fine trees, come.to great maturity, were cut
down to make room for produce for the table.
The abovementioned gardeners Furber and Gray availed
themselves of making purchases from this noble collection, and
augmented their nurseries with many fine plants not otherwise to
be procured.
Brompton Park was another surprising nursery of all the va~-
rieties of evergreens, fruits, &c., with a number of others all round
the town; for, as the taste increased, nursery-gardens flourished.
Mr. Hunt at Putney, and Mr. Gray, are now living, aged -
about 70. But more modern cultivators are the celebrated James
Gordon at Mile-End, whom for many years, from my extensive
correspondence, I have assisted with plants and seeds, and who,
with a sagacity peculiar to himself, has raised a vast variety of
plants from all parts of the world; and the ingenious Mr. Lee of
Hammersmith, who, had he the like assistance, would be little
behind him. Mr. Miller of the Physic Garden, Chelsea, has made
his great abilities well known by his works, as well as his skill in
every part of gardening, and his success in raising seeds pro-
cured
the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson. 273
cured by a large correspondence. Ie has raised the reputation
of the Chelsea garden so much, that it excels all the gardens in
Europe for its amazing variety of plants of all orders and classes,
and from all climates, as | beheld with much delight this 19th
of July, 1764.
October 3d, 1759, after nine years absence from Goodwood
after the death of my intimate friend the late’ Duke of Rich-
mond, I accompanied the present Duchess there, and to my
agreeable surprise found the hardy exotic trees much grown.
There were two fine great magnolias about twenty feet high in the
American grove that flowered annually. (My tree flowered this
year, 1760, that I raised from seed about twenty years before.)
Some of the larches measured near the ground seventeen inches
round, the rest fourteen inches and a half. I saw a larch of the
old Duke’s planting cut down, that in twenty-five years was above
fifty feet high, and cut into planks above a foot in diameter, and
above twenty feet long; but there were some larches of the same
date seventy feet high. They grow wonderfully in chalky soil.
October 30th, 1762, the young Lord Petre came of age.
The late Lord Petre, his father, died July 2d, 1742: he was my
intimate friend, the ornament and delight of the age he lived in.
He went from his house at Ingatestone in Essex, to his seat at
Thorndon-Hall in the same county, to extend a large row of
elms at the end of the park behind the house.. He removed, in
the spring of the year 1734, being the 22d of his age, twenty-
four full-grown elms about sixty feet high and two feet diame-
ter: all grew finely, and now are not known from the old trees
they were planted to match. In the year 1738 he planted the
great avenue of elms up the park from the house to the espla-
nade:
'
274 Notes relating to Botany, collected from
nade: the trees were large, perhaps fifteen or twenty years old.
On each side the esplanade, at the head or tup of the park, he
raised two mounts, and planted all with evergreens in Apyil
and May 1740. In the centre of each mount was a large cedar
of Lebanon of twenty years growth, supported by four larches
of eleven years growth. On the same area on the mount were
planted four smaller cedars of Lebanon aged twenty years each,
supported by four larches aged six years; on the sides Virginian
red cedars of three years growth, mixed with other evergreens,
which now (anno 1760) make an amazingly fine appearance.
In the years 1741 and 1742, from this very nursery he planted
out forty thousand ffees of all kinds, to embellish the woods at
the head of the park on each side of the avenue to the lodge, and
round the esplanade. It would occupy a large work to give a
particular account of his building and planting. His stoyes ex-
ceed in dimensions al] others in Europe. He dying, his vast
collection of rare exotic plants and his extensive nursery were
soon dispersed.
I paid to John Clarke for a thousand cedars of Lebanon, June
the 8th, 1761, seventy-nine pounds six shillings, in behalf of
the Duke of Richmond. ‘These thousand cedars were planted
at five years old, in my sixty-seventh year, in March and April,
anno 1761.
In September 1761 I was at Goodwood, and saw these cedars
in a thriving state.
This day, October 20th, 1762, I paid Mr. Clarke for another
large parcel of cedars for the Duke of Richmond. It is very re-
markable that Mr. Clarke, a butcher at Barnes, conceived an
opinion that he could raise cedars of Lebanon from cones from
the great tree at Hendon-Place. He succeeded perfectly, and
annually -
the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson. 2h5
apnually raised them in such quantities, that he supplied the
vurserymen, as well as abundance of noblemen and gentlemen,
with cedars of Lebanon; and he succeeded not only in cedars,
but he had a great knack in raising the small magnolia, Warner’s
Cape jessamine, and all other exotic seeds. Ile built a large
stove for pine-apples, &c.
Any person who has curiosity enough may go to Goodwood
in Sussex, and see the date and progress of those cedars, which
were at planting five years old. ‘The Duke’s father was a great
planter ; but the young Duke much exceeds him, for he intends
to clothe all the lofty naked hills above him with evergreen -
woods: great portions are already planted, and he annually
raises infinite numbers in his nurseries from seeds of pines, firs,
cedars, and larches. .
In the Duke of Argyle’s wood stands the largest New-England
or Weymouth pine. This, and his largest cedars of Lebanon
now standing, were all raised by him from seed in the year 1725
at his seat at Whitton near Hounslow.
This spring, 1762, all the Duke of Argyle’s rare trees and shrubs
were removed to the Princess of Wales’s garden at Kew, which
now excels all others, under the direction of Lord Bute.
Mr. Vernon, Turkey merchant at Aleppo, transplanted the
weeping-willow from the river Euphrates, brought it with him to
England, and planted it at his seat at T'wickenham-Park, where
I saw it growing anno 1748: this is the original of all the weep-
ing-willows in our gardens*.
October
® This is the fifst authentic account we have had of its ‘introduction ;. the story of
its being raised from a live twig of a fruit-basket, received from Spain by Pope, being
only
276 Noles relating to Botany, collected from
October.the 18th, 1765, I went to see Mr. Rogers’s vineyard,
all of Burgundy grapes, and seemingly all perfectly ripe. 1 did
not see a green half-ripe grape in all this great quantity. He does
not expect to make less than fourteen hogsheads of wine. The
bunches and fruit are remarkably large, and the vines very strong.
He was formerly famous for ranunculuses.
October 18th, 1765, I visited Mrs. Gaskry, at Parson’s Green
near Fulham. This long, hot, dry summer has had a remark-
ably good effect on all wall-fruits. Apricots, peaches, and nec-
tarines ripened much earlier than usual, and have been excel-
lent’; but the most remarkable was the plenty of pomegranates,
near two dozen on each tree, of a remarkable size and fine ruddy
complexion, of the size of middling oranges. One that was split
showed the redness and ripépess within.
John Buxton, Esq., of Shadwell near Thetford in Norfolk, from
the acorns of 1762, sowed or planted on forty-two acres of land
120 bushels, containing as near as can be computed 1,432,320
acorns ; which is nearly 34,103 acorns on each acre. For this
Mr. Buxton had a present of a gold medal from the Society of
Arts, &c. Years or ages hence it may be worth a journey to go
and observe the progress of vegetation in the dimensions and
only on newspaper authority so late as August 1801.—See Miller’s Dictionary by
Martyn. A.B.L.
Sir Thomas Vernon of London, Knight, and some time member for that city, died -
in 1705, leaving two sons. Henry the eldest died unmarried at Aleppo in Syria, aged 31;
his monument is in St. Stephen’s church, Colemait-Street. Thomas Vernon, the second
son, resided at Twickenham-Park, Middlesex.
The above communicated to me by Sir William A’Court, Bart, nephew to Mr.
A.B.L.
heights
Vernon.
the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson. 277
heights of this famous plantation, whose beginning is so certainly
known.
By a letter (November 28th, 1762,) from Thomas Knowlton,
gardener to the Duke of Devonshire at his seat of Londesburgh
near York, and director of His Grace’s new kitchen-garden,
stoves, &c., at Chatsworth, I am informed that the Duke of
Devonshire is now sowing seventy quarters of acorns, that is, 560
bushels; an immense quantity: but this year there was the greatest
crop of acorns ever remembered. Besides this vast sowing, some
hundred thousands of young seedling oaks are planting out this
winter: between forty and fifty men are employed about this
work. In the year 1761, as many oaks were transplanted from
the nursery, of two, three, and four years old. .
1761. Our last winter, if it may be called so, exceeded for
mildness 1759. The autumnal flowers were not gone before
spring began in December with aconites, snowdrops, polyan-
thuses, &e., and continued without any alloy of intervening
sharp frosts, all January, except two or three frosty nights and
mornings: @ more delightful season could not be enjoyed in
southern latitudes. In Januafy and February my garden was
covered with flowers.
This summer, 1762, I was visiting Mr. Wood, of Littleton,
Middlesex. He showed me a curiosity which surprised me.
On a little slender twig of a peach-tree about four inches
long, that projected from the wall, grew a peach, and close
to it, on the other side of the twig, a nectarine. This Mr.
Miller also assured me he had himself known, although not men-
VOL. X. 20 tioned
278 Notes relating to Botany, collected from
tioned here (in his Dictionary); and another friend* assured me
that he had a tree which produced the like in his garden at Salis-
bury: but this I saw myself, and it induces me to think that the
peach is the mother of the nectarines ; the latter being a modern
fruit, as there is no Greek or Latin name for it.
Copied from my nephew Thomas Collinson’s Journal of his
Travels, 1754.—* In the reign of Queen Elizabeth, anno the
first orange- and lemon-trees were introduced into England by two
curious gentlemen, one of them Sir Nicholas Carew, at Bedington,
near Croydon, in Surrey.” (The title is lately extinct, anno 1763.)
These orange-trees were planted in the natural ground; but
against every winter an artificial covering was raised for their
protection. I have seen them some years ago in great perfection.
But this apparatus going to decay, without due consideration a
green-house of brick-work was built all round them, and left on
the top uncovered in the summer. I visited them a year or two
after, in their new habitation, and to my great concern found
some dying, and all declining; for, although there were windows
on the south side, they did not thrive in their confinement; but
being kept damp with the rains, and wanting a free, airy, full
sun all the growing months of summer, they languished, and at
last all died.
A better fate has hitherto attended the other fine par-
cel of orange-trees, &c., brought over at the same time by Sir
* T well knew the gentleman here alluded to, Dr. Hancock of Salisbury, who as-
sured me of this fact ; and a drawing showing both the fruits on the same branch is now
in the possession of H. P. Wyndham, Esq., of Salisbury.
Dr. Hancock told me that he had the tree taken up to send to the Earl of Harburgh,
but it was killed by removing. ——A. B.L.. -
Robert
the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson. 279
Robert Mansell, at Margam; late Lord Mansell’s, now Mr. Tal-
bot’s, called Kingsey-castle, in the road from Cowbridge to
Swansey, in South Wales. My nephew counted eighty trees of
citrons, limes, burgamots, Seville and China orange-trees, planted
in great cases all ranged in a row before the green-house. This is
the finest sight of its kind in England. He had the curiosity to
measure some of them. A China orange measured in the extent
of its branches fourteen feet. A Seville orange was fourteen feet
high, the case included, and the stem twenty-one inches round.
A China orange twenty-two inches and a half in girth.
July 11th, 1777. I visited the orangery at Margam in the
year 1766, in company with Mr. Lewis Thomas, of Eglews
Nynngt in that neighbourhood, a very sensible and attentive
man, who told me that the orange-trees, &c. in that garden were
intended as a present from the King of Spain to the King of
Denmark ; and that the vessel in which they were shipped being
taken in the Channel, the trees were made a present of to Sir
R. Mansell.
December 10th, 1765. A few days ago died my friend Mr.
Bennet, who was very curious and industrious in procuring seeds
and plants from abroad. He had a garden behind the Shadwell
water-works near the spot where he lived, and built several very
handsome stoves at a great expense, filling them with fine exotics
of all kinds; but the erecting a fire-engine to raise the water so
hurt his plants by the smoke, that he removed to a large garden
of two or three acres, in the fields at the back of Whitechapel
Jaystalls. Here he built a large house for pines and other rare
exotics, which he left well stocked. In this garden he raised
water melons to a great size and perfection; I have told above
202 forty
280 Notes relating to Botany, collected from
§ y
forty lying ripe on the ground. They were raised in frames, and
transplanted out under bell-glasses. A basket of these melons
was sent to the King. Mr. Bennet had besides a great collection
of hardy-ground plants. His garden and all his plants were sold
by auction April 14th, 1766.
The seeds of the rhubarb with broad curled leaves were first
raised by me. ‘They were sent by Dr. Amman, professor of
botany at Petersburg, whose father-in-law was Russian go-
vernor of the province near which the rhubarb grows. ‘The seed
of that with long narrow curled leaves was sent by the Jesuits
in China to my friend Dr. Tanches, at Petersburg, by the Rus-
sian caravan, and he sent it to me.
Lord Rochefort, our ambassador in Spain, in a letter dated
Madrid, November 1765, says, that in the parts where he had
been there are very few forest-trees worth notice ; but the ilexes
about the Escurial are fine. One sort produces acorns of a mon-
strous size, which they eat in Spain at their best tables, and they
are as sweet as chesnuts.
May 17th, 1761. I was invited by Mr. Sharp, at South
Lodge, on Enfield Chace, to dine, and see the Virginia dog-
wood (Cornus florida). The calyx of the flowers is as large as
those figured by Catesby, and (what is remarkable) this is the
only tree that bears these Howers amongst many hundreds that I
have seen: it began to bear them in May 1759.
Anno 1747. Raised a new species of what appears to be a
tbree-thorned Acacia, from seeds from Persia, that came with
Azad or Persian hornbeam, given me by Mr. Baker: it thrives
well
the Manuscripts of the late Peter Collinson. 281
well in my garden. I gave seed to Mr. Gordon, and he also
raised it.
The eastern hornbeam (Miller’s Dictionary, edition Sth,) was
raised from seed given to me, which came from Persia by
the name of Azad. I gave it to Mr. Gordon, gardener, at Mile-
End, who was so fortunate as to have it come up anno 1747,
and from him my garden and other gardens have been supplied.
There is a large tree in my field at Hendon, Middlesex.
Mr. Miller is greatly mistaken in saying the Arundo No. 2,
or Donaz, dies down every year. In my garden the stalks
have continued for some years making annually young green
shoots from every joint, and bear a handsome tassel of flowers.
The first time I ever saw it in flower was September 15th, 1762.
This very long hot dry season has made many exotics flower.
Donax seu Arundo flowered this year also (1762) at Mr.
Gordon’s at Mile-Iind.
October the 22d, 1746, I received the first double Spanish
broom that was in England, sent me by my friend Mr. Brewer
at Nuremberg: it cost there a golden ducat; and, being planted
in a pot nicely wickered all over, came from thence down the
river Elbe to Hamburgh, from whence it was brought by the first
ship to London. I inarched it on the single-flowered broom,
and gave it to Gray and Gordon, gardeners, and from them all
have been supplied.
Anno 1756. Some roots of Siberian martagon, sent me by
Mr. Demidoff, proprietor of the Siberian iron mines, flowered
for the first time, May 24th, 1756. The flower is but little re-
flexed, and is, I think, the nearest to black of any flower that
I know.
In
282 Notes relating to Botany.
In the year 1727, my intimate friend Sir Charles Wager, first
lord of the admiralty, brought plants from Gibraltar-Hill, of the
Linaria procumbens Hispanica flore flavescente pulchré striato, la-
bits nigro-purpureis, which I have yet in my garden, anno 1761;
and at the same time he brought the broad-leaved Teucrium, and
a species of periwinkle, neither of which were in our gardens
before ; and some roots of what is called Hyacinths of Peru.
In the year 1756, the famous tulip-tree in Lord Peterborough’s
garden at Parson’s Green, near Fulham, died. It was about
seventy feet high, the tallest tree in the ground, and perhaps a
hundred years old, being the first tree of the kind that was
raised in England. It had for many years the visitation of the
curious to see its flowers, and admire its beauty, for it was as
straight as an arrow, and died of age by a gentle decay. But it
was remarkable, that the same year that this died, a tulip-tree
which I had given to Sir Charles Wager flowered for the first
time in his garden, which was opposite Lord Peterborough’s.
This tulip-tree I raised from seed, and it was thirty years old when
it flowered.
April 8th, 1749. I removed from my house at Peckham,
Surry, and was for two years in transplanting my garden to my
house at Mill-Hill, called Ridgeway-House, in the parish of
Hendon, Middlesex.
Anno 1751. I raised the China or paper mulberry from seed
given me by Dr. Mortimer.
xX. 4 De
Linn Trans Vol. X.Tab.12.p. 283.
é
)
"
V
L
i i
See
Inne Rudge. det?
(283)
X. A Description of several Species of Plants from New Holland.
By Edward Rudge, Esq. F.R.S. and L.S.
Read April 18, 1809, and January 16, 1810.
CENTROLEPIS CUSPIDIGERA.
Monandria Monogynia.
Tan, SEL. Fie. 1,
Cenrroteris foliis parum pubescentibus: spathis longissime
cuspidatis, valde hispidis: paleis emarginatis.
Devauxia Billardieri. Brown Prod. v. 1. 252.
Planta tres ad quatuor pollices longa.
Radiz fibrosa.
Scapi plures, erecti, teretes, basi foliis vaginati.
Spathe bivalves, ovate, longissime cuspidatz, basi concave, pilis
albidis rigidis hispida, decem- ad duodecim-flora.
Calyx nullus.
Corolla nulla; Palee unilaterales, tot quot flores, ovato-oblonge,
emarginatz.
Stamen. Filamentum filiforme, paled longius, basi pistilli inser-
tum. Anthera cordata, versatilis.
Pistillum. Germen superum, ovatum; Stylus tripartitus ; Stigma
acuta, glandulosa.
Capsula trilocularis ; loculis a basi inequaliter distantibus, mo-
nospermis.
Semina
284 Mr. Runee’s Description of
Semina ovata.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Taz. XII. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Spathe cum floribus magnitudine aucte.
b. Exdem sejuncte floribus orbate.
c. Folium.
d. Flos integer eadem proportione ampliatus.
e. Capsula.
jf. Anthera dorso et fronte visa.
g. Semen.
CENTROLEPIS EMULA.
Tas. XII. Fig. 2.
C. foliis usque ad apicem villosis, peracutis: spathis acuminatis :
paleis obtusis.
Devauxia Patersonii. Brown Prod. v. 1. 252.
Planta biuncialis.
Radix fibrosa.
Scapi plures, teretes, purpurei.
Folia scapo breviora, villis albidis usque ad apicem tecta.
Spathe bivalves, ovat, apice obtuse, concave, villose, mul-
tiflore.
Calyzr nullus.
Corolla nulla. Palee unilaterales, ovate, concave, integre.
Stamen. Filamentum basi pistilli insertum, palez longitudine.
Anthera oblonga.
Germen oblongo-ovatum.
Semina ovata, circiter novem in singulis spiculis.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Novd Hollandia.
TAB.
PIE Cor Cea
Ea ce
ti us iy &
&
Linn Trans Vol X Tiab 3. p.265,
Ft
SAY)
Wwil
A d (jp |
3 Yime 7 Ble pled: :
pe i Z
Slemnelen wet loreal!
several Species of Plants from New Holland. 285
Tas. XII. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Spathe cum floribus magnitudine auctz.
b. Flos integer eadem proportione ampliatus.
c. Capsula.
d. Anthera.
e. Semen.
f-. Folium.
The name of this genus would be much more appropriate by
deriving it from its prickly spathes, the Greek word zevrgay
meaning a prickle as well as a centre: for the glumes are uni-
lateral in several species, and probably not truly central (as
Monsieur Billardiere describes them) in any: I use the term
spathes in conformity to his description of Centrolepis fascicu-
laris.
PIMELEA CURVIFLORA.
Tas. XIII. Fig. 1.
P. foliis ovalibus, capitulo in omnibus fere axillis brevissime
pedunculato: corolla extus .valde barbaté tubo curvato: an-
theris cordatis.
Pimelea curviflora. Brown Prod. v. 1. 362.
Fruticulus gracilis, ramosissimus, diffusus.
Rami teretes, divaricati, villis densissime imbricatis.
Folia ovalia, subsessilia, integerrima, supra glabra, subtus pilosa,
tres vel quatuor lineas longa.
Flores capitulo in omnibus fere axillis brevissime pedunculato
terminales.
Capitulum sex- ad octo-florum.
Calyx nullus.
Corolla. Tubus inferne curvatus, extus villosus, albidus, intus .
glaber: Limbus quadripartitus: Lacinie oblongo-ovate, obtuse.
VOL. xX. oP Stamina.
286 Mr. Ruvee’s Description of
Stamina. Filamenta duo filiformia, fauce corolle inserta, laciniis
corolle multo breviora ; Anthere cordate.
Pistillum. Germen oblongum, glabrum; Stylus filiformis, curva-
tus, tubo corolle brevior; Stigma capitatum.
Habitat in Nova Cambria.
Tas. XIII. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Corolla magaitudine multum aucta.
b. Corolla aperta.
c. Anthere dorso et fronte vise.
d. Pistillum.
PIMELEA GLAUCA.
Tas. XIII. Fig. 2.
P. foliis ovali-lanceolatis, levibus: coroll4 extus villos4 tubo
cylindraceo; filamentis brevissimis, stylo longissimo : stigmate
minutissime barbato.
Pimelea glauca. Brown Prod. 360.
Frutex ramosus.
Rami teretes, glabri. .
Folia decussata, subsessilia, patentissima, ovali-lanceolata, inte-
gerrima, levia, glauca, semiunguicularia.
Flores in capitulis involucratis bracteis quatuor ovatis.
Capitulum terminale, multiflorum.
Calyx nutlus.
Corolla monopetala, tubulosa; Tubus extus villosus, albus, intus
glaber; Limbus profunde quadripartitus; Lacinie ovato-lan-
ceolate.
Stamina. Filamenta duo, brevia, fauce tubi inserta. Anthere
oblong.
Pistillum.
} ati ret Hyena Blaha trun ni be rk!: y
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Linn Trans Vol.X.TarbLA.p 287.
/ Uf: , Lf? vA mh
Yondlei flamalise Dima Nee a
RR. del?
several Species of Plants from New Holland. 287
Pistillum. Germen clavatum, glabrum ; Stylus filiformis, apice
inflexus, tubo corolla multo longior; Stigma parvum, obtusum,
minutissime barbatum.
Habitat in Nova HollandiA.
Tas. XIII. Fig. 2. Ramus magnitudine naturali.
- Corolla magnitudine multum aucta.
. Corolla aperta.
. Pistillum.
. Anthera.
Qaaewa
PIMELEA FILAMENTOSA.
Tas. XIV. Fig. 1.
P. foliis lanceolatis mucronatis, capitulis grandibus, bracteis
ovato-cuneatis ; corolla extus villosa; filamentis longissimis ;
antheris sublinearibus.
Folia opposita, sessilia, glabra, mucronata.
Flores in capitulis grandibus involucratis foliolis quatuor ovatis,
utrinque glabris ; receptaculo longo piloso.
Calyx nullus.
Corolla monopetala, tubulosa, extus pilosa, pilis infra longio-
ribus et rigidioribus; Lacinig exquales, ovato-oblonge, ob-
tusze.
Stamina. Filamenta longissima, fauce tubi inserta. Anthere sub-
lineares.
Pistillum. Germen ovatum, glabrum ; Stylus filiformis, exsertus ;
Stigma hemispheericum, pilosum.
Habitat in Noyvé Hollandia.
2Pe2 Tas.
288 Mr. Rupvexr’s Description of
Tas. XIV. Fig. 1. Ramus magnitudime naturali.
a. Corolla magnitudine aucta.
6. Corolla aperta.
c. Pistillum.
d. Stamen.
PIMELEA SPICATA.
* Flores spicati.
Tas. XIV. Fig. 2.
P. foliis ovalibus, levibus, longe nunc per paria distantibus:
coroll4 apice extus tantum pubescentula, laciniis obovatis:
antheris minutis subsessilibus.
Pimelea spicata. Brown Prod. v. 1. 362.
Folia opposita, longo intervallo nunc per paria distantia, levia,
brevissime petiolata: nervis paucis.
Flores in spicd pergente florescentia elongata, terminali, foliis
duobus involucrata.
Calyx nullus. |
Corolla monopetala, tubulosa, utrinque glabra. Limbus qua-
drifidus ; Lacinie obovate, apice extus tantum pubescentule,
Stamina. Filamenta duo brevissima, fauce tubi inserta. Anthere
subovate.
Pistillum. Germen ovatum ; Stylus filiformis fere altitudine limbi:
Stigma capitatum, barbatum.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Tab. XIV. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Corolla magnitudine aucta.
6. Corolla.
oth
Piday dshadcith sre Als
pal Wes
Shs: Be ae
kahit. abun t=
wieD
Linn. Trans Vol. X. Tab 15. p. 289.
Sirf Bi wl.
Z
R.da!
several Species of Plants from New Holland. 289
b. Corolla aperta.
c. Pistillum.
d. Anthera.
XYRIS ELONGATA.
Tas. XV. Fig. 1.
X. scapo ancipiti longissimo, capitulo oblongo, bracteis inferio-
ribus acute carinatis.
Radix fibrosa.
Folia inferne equitantia, scapo duplo breviora, angusta, subu-
lata, preeter stipulas reliquas gemmaceas vagineformes.
Scapi plures, bipedales ancipites margine crassiusculo flavo,
tenuissime striati, torti, foliis duobus vaginati.
Spica oblonga, imbricata, uncialis, bracteis ovatis, concavis,
margine membranaceis, flores plures claudentibus: ad singu-
los bractee due acute carinate.
Corolla tripetala, lutea, petalorum laminz late obcuneate.
Stamina. Filamenta tria, brevissima, basi corolle inserta. Anthere
sulcatz, basi apiceque profunde emarginate.
Stylum non vidi.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Tas. XV. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Corolla magnitudine aucta.
6. Anthera.
ScrrPvUs GRACILIS.
Tas. XV. Fig. 2.
S. culmo nudo, tereti, capitulo glomerato mucronato.
Isolepis nodosa; Brown Prod. v. 1. 221.
. Culmus
290 Mr. Rupex’s Description of
Culmus nudus, levis, teres, subtilissime striatus, apice in acutum
mucronem terminans.
Capitulum parvum, juxta apicem culmum unilaterale glomera-
tum, spicis paucis ovatis, acutis, fuscis, sessilibus.
Spice late ovate, imbricate, dense conglomerate; Squamis
ovato-lanceolatis, acutis, concavis, carinatis, fere omnibus
fertilibus.
Stamina. Filamenta tria, membranacea. Anthere oblonge, albze.
Pistillum. Germen obovatum, glabrum. Stylus unicus. Stigmata
tria minutissime barbata.
Semina non vidi.
Scirpo nodoso affinis.
Habitat in Novaé Hollandia.
Tas. XV. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Spica magnitudine aucta. '
b. Flosculus.
PERSOONIA PINIFOLIA.
Tetrandria Monogynia.
Tas. XVI Fig. 1.
P. foliis perangustis linearibus, ad flores repente abbreviatis :
spicd longa terminali.
P. pinifolia. Brown in Trans. Linn. Soc. v. 10. p. 160. et Prod.
o. 1. 372.
Caulis teres, pilosus.
Folia densa, perangusta, recurva, linearia, acuta, canaliculata,
tenella pubescentia, adulta sepe omnia glabra: ad flores in _
bracteas repente abbreviata.
Flores in spicis dense imbricatis, pedunculis brevibus.
Calyx
Linn. Trans Vol X.Tabl6 p.290
a
Lj fo : eS We fo . : ;
C Aerzountie fone (ie 2 LE hurwula Z
é e
t.del!
ecw! vo a ee ee e
we Faye? a Pr %, Fong 4
wien ‘Pia On8
several Species of Plants from New Holland. 291
Calyx nullus.
Corolla. Petala quatuor paulo infra medium staminifera, superne
recurva, extus pubescentia.
Stamina. Filamenta omnium brevissima. Anthere longissime,
lineares, demum recurve, biloculares, quadrivalves, facie
dehiscentes.
Pistillum. Germen oblongum: Stylus glaber, persistens: Stigma
obtusum.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Tas. XVI. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Flos integer cum bractea magnitudine auctus.
b. Petalum.
c. Anthera dorso et fronte visa.
d. Pistillum..
PERSOONIA HIRSUTA.
Tas. XVI. Fig. 2.
P. foliis recurvulis, linearibus, convexis, sulco subtus, hirsutis ;
floribus axillaribus, dense hirsutis.
P. hirsuta. Pers. Syn. 1. p. 118. et Brown in Linn. Trans. v. 10.
p- 161. et Prod. »v. 1. 372.
Caulis teres, densissime hirsutus.
Folia linearia, sessilia, subtus sulcata, undique pilosa.
Flores solitarii, axillares; pedunculis brevibus, densissime hir-
sutis.
Calyx nullus.
Corolla. Petala quatuor, paulo infra medium staminifera, spa-
tulato-lanceolata, extus pilis densissimis obducta, intus glabra,
superne recurva.
Staminum
a
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several Species of Plants from New Holland. 298
Pistillum. Germen subglobosum, pappo pilo denso coronatum.
Stylus filiformis, contortus ? versus laciniam corollz sterilem.
Stigma clavatum.
Habitat, prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Tas. XVII. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Flos integer cum Bracted iyagaitugime auctus.
b. Corolla aperta.
c, Anthere.
d. Pistillum.
' ZreERIA PILOSA.
ae ) Tas. XVII. Fig. 2. |
Z. foliorum laminis tres ad quatuor lineas longis, lanceolatis,
subtus pilosis: floribus solitariis, axillaribus.
Frutev ramosus, ramis oppositis densissime hirsutis.
Folia opposita, ternata: Petioli pilosi: Lamine uninervize, supra
glabre, punctate, subtus pilose.
Flores solitarii, axillares, pedunculati.
Pedunculi breves, teretes, pilosi.
Calyx profunde quadrifidus, laciniis acutiusculis.
Corolla. Petala quatuor, ovata, obtusa, utrinque glabra.
Stamina. Filamenta quatuor, lata, singula glandula insidentia,
glabra. Anthere cordate, biloculares.
Pistillum. Germen quadrilobum. a brevis. Stigma quadri-
lobum.
Cocci quatuor, ovati, hirsuti, monospermi.
Habitat in Nova Cambria. Legit J. White.
VOL. x. 2G |
_
Awe
204 Mr. Rovce’s Description of
Tas. XVII. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus.
b. Idem petalis abruptis.
c. Anthera dorso et fronte visa.
d. Pistillum cum calyce.
e. Cocci tunica interior pergaminea.
Jf. Semen.
CrYPTANDRA ERICIFOLIA.
Pentandria Monogynia.
Tas. XVIII. Fig. 1.
C. caule sericeo: foliis duas ad tres lineas longis, frearttoe
acutis: corollis extus sericeis.
C. ericifolia. Smith in Rees Cyclop.
Frutex pergracilis: ramis paucis longis, superne sericeis.
Folia alterna, inter se remotiuscula, duas ad tres lineas longa,
linearia, lateribus usque ad medium arcte reduplicatis, acuta,
glabra.
Flores in capitulis terminalibus.
Bractea ad basin singulorum florum, cuneata, extus sericea.
Calyx quinquefidus: laciniis structura bractearum.
Corolla tubulosa, limbo quinquefido, densissime sericea, intus
glabra. 7
Stamina. Filamenta quinque, inter segmenta tubi squamis_ cu-
cullatis inserta. Anthere bilobe.
Pistillum. Germen oblongum, pilosum. Stylus simplex. Stigma
obtusum.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Tas.
Fig.J.
a i\h
Ny Wi
ry,
aaa (
\y
eV)
WZ
Ss
; We
SN =
se5
WY
Wa
YG
lS
7
V
Wy
WZ
Linn. Trans Vat. X Tab b.p.294.
é c d
I
i? ie
Cryplandea QHAVA.
several Species of Plants from New Holland. 295
Tan. XVII. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali.
. Flos integer magnitudine ampliatus.
. Idem apertus.
. Anthera dorso et fronte visa cum cucullo,
. Pistillum.
e. Calyx cum Bractea.
SO" S8
CrYPTANDRA AMARA.
Tas. XVIII, Fig. 2.
C. caule incano : foliis unas ad duas lineas longis, spatulatis, ob-
tusis: corolla extus incana.
C.amara. Smith in Rees Cyclop.
Frutex humilis: ramis numerosis, densis dum teneris incanis. |
Folia alterna, densa, unas ad duas lineas longa, spatulata, late-
ribus etiam magis quam in precedente. reduplicatis, et supra
medium plane confluentibus, margine scabriuscula.
Flores in capitulis terminalibus.
Bractee inferiores structur4 fere foliorum sensim magia calycine,
Calyx quinquefidus : laciniis late ovatis.
Corolla late infundibuliformis; laciniis cuneatis, obtusissimis ;
extus incana.
Stamina. Filamenta quinque, ut in precedente. inserta, squamis
parum cucullatis. Anthere profunde bilobe.
Pistillum. Germen late obconicum. Stylus simplex. Stigma
apice styli vix latius.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Tas. XVIII. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus.
2Q2 b. Corolla
296 Mr. Rupce’s Description of
b. Corolla aperta.
c. Anthera dorso et fronte visa cum cucullo.
d. Pistillum.
STYPHELIA REFLEXA.
Pentandria Monogynia.
Tas. XIX. Fig. 1.
S. corollz limbo reflexo, hirsutissimo, racemis terminalibus ; foliis
oblongis lateribus revolutis.
Frutex erectus, ramosus.
Folia oblonga, lateribus revolutis, obtuse acuminata subsessilia.
Flores terminales in capitulum congesti, breviter pedicellati.
Bractee due, calyce breviores, ovate.
Calyx squamulis imbricatis, pubescentibus inferioribus parum
carinatis.
‘Corolla breviter tubulosa, calyce Jongior, extus levis, laciniis
quinque longissimis recurvis, pilis longis niveis intus den-
sissime hirsutis.
Stamina. Filamenta quinque fauce tubi inserta. Anthere longe
recurve, superne acute, inferne latiores, sulcate.
Pistillum. Germenturbinatum. Stylus brevis. Stigma capitatum.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia.
Tas. XIX. Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus.
b. Corolla aperta.
c. Antherz dorso et fronte vise.
d. Pistillum.
Lasr
Ay frelea WA Ive )
| 2 |
a so ee cacsannnie Mais.
} J . ¥ Os it ween nits
ah san pag ts
Pith he “> Reladip tics :
g Subtle kyu ty Sackvedee
t aaseenie ii ate
a a bios vay)
iki ies aidaas aed Saas \,
Wire a ig phos atisteot
SA Toes) Eaten
several Species of Plants from New Holland. 2907
LAsIorvETALUM PARVIFLORUM.
Pentandria Monogynia.
Tas. XIX. Fig. 2.
L. foliis lineari-lanceolatis, vix acuminulatis: floribus parvis:
antherarum rachi lata.
Frutex gracilis, more affinium totus tomento ferrugineo stellato
vestitus.
Bractee valde tomentose.
Folia alterna tres ad quatuor pollices longa, duas ad quatuor
lineas lata, supra etiam dum tenera tomentosa, lineari-lance-
olata basi ima nunquam retusa.
Flores in cymis brevibus nutantibus.
Corolla longe minor quam in congeneribus, ceterum parum discz
pars; laciniis ovato-acuminatis, incurvis.
Stamina. Filamenta brevissima, receptaculo inserta, adpressa ger-
mini. Anthere apice truncatulz, rachi latiore quam in ceteris.
Pistillum. Germen subglobosum, trilobum, superum. Stylus bre-
vissimus. Stigma simplex.
Habitat in Nova Hollandia.
Tas. XIX. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Pars racemi magnitudine aucta.
b. Bractea.
c. Calyx.
d. Flos integer fronte visus.
e. Idem dorso visus.
Ff. Flos apertus.
g- Stamina petalis abruptis.
h. Anthera dorso et fronte visa.
4. Pistillum.
PiTTo-
298 Mr. Ruvcx’s Description of
PirrosPoruM FULVUM.
Pentandria Monogynia.
Tap. XX.
P. caule tenero valde tomentoso: foliorum laminis late lanceo-
latis: calycis foliolis patentibus: petalis flavis: stigmate vix
bilobo.
Folia tres ad quatuor pollices longa, 13 lata: Petioli brevissimi,
rare tomentosi: laminz late lanceolate, integerrime, obtuse,
per nervos tomentose, ceterum fere leves.
Flores in paniculis densissimis fasciculati, fragrantes.
Pedunculus terminalis, gracilis, viscidulo-pubescens.
Bractee structuré calycis, sed angustiores.
Calyx patens: foliolis lanceolato-cuneatis, ante petala caden-
tibus.
Corolla. Petala septem ad octo lineas longa, flava, apice revoluta,
arcte coherentia’ precipue versus apicem postquam ceci-
derunt.
Stamina. Filamenta flava, compressiuscula.
Germen pallide viride, pube mox fuscescente.
Pericarpium basi tantum biloculare, dein uniloculare.
Genus Bursarie et Billardiere in serie naturali propinquum.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Tas. XX. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Flos integer magnitudine parum auctus.
b. Calyx.
c. Corolla aperta.
d. Anthere dorso et fronte vise.
e. Pistillum.
Mars-
Linn. Trans.Vol. X. Tab 20 p.296.
q agit Tien we
ipyicinie ‘hae ‘
atin teins
(es.
rinses
> oT peg 7 :
Neue ‘
bien?
{aie ; ok
ha Satin hai
rape cae
ois
MiP ha,
Bit Hrabtihod
spain ria pe ae ee ie:
avers
Zinn. Trans Vol X Tab, 21. p. 299.
"A
ne, DZ)
i 5%, YF e
j ae . ip x j f
Qn bn
i a Oe é
c ~ : ‘i /
. Trach y mene MMUAI i) ’ (a muaevelens
c
several Species of Plants from New Holland, 299
MansDENIA SUAVEOLENS.
Pentandria Digynia.
Tas. XXI. Fig. 1.
M. foliis ovalibus glabris; floribus axillaribus; corolle Jaciniis
basi intus minute barbatis.
Marsdenia suaveolens. R. Brown in Trans. Soc. Wern. Edinb.
Folia opposita, petiolata, utrinque glabra, avenia. .
Flores in paniculis axillaribus, sex- ad octo-floris.
Calyx monophyllus, persistens, quinquepartitus, laciniis ovatis
margine ciliatis.
Corolla monopetala, tubo brevi; lacinie quinque longe, obtuse,
basi intus minute barbatz.
Stamina. Filamenta quinque lata, infra Nectarium conicum
quinquedentatum inserta. Anihere bilobe minutissime, mem-
brand terminate.
Pistillum. Germen obconicum, bilobum. Styli duo, breves. Stig-
mata duo, obtusa.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Obs. I had figured and described this plant some time since,
but delayed presenting it to the Society, in order not to interfere
with the arrangement of the whole Genus, as described by Mr.
Brown, and just published in the Transactions of the Wernerian
Society at Edinburgh; and I have therefore preserved the spe-
cific name by which it is laid down in the Banksian Herbarium.
Tas. XXI. Fig. 1. Ramus magnitudine naturali.
a, Flos integer magnitudine auctus.
b. Corolla.
c. Eadem aperta.
d. Stamina corolla abrupta.
- e. Stamen unicum fronte, latere et dorso visum.
Ff. Nec-
300 , Mr. RuvcGx’s Description of
Jf. Nectarium cum granis pollinis adherentibus.
g. Calyx et Germen.
h. Pistillum cum stylis duobus.
TRACHYMENE.
Pentandria Digynia.
Cuar. Essen. Petala quinque ovato-lanceolata, integra. Fructus
subglobosus tuberculis scaber, bipartibilis. Involucrum po-
lyphyllum. Unmbella simplex.
TRACHYMENE INCISA.
Tas. XXI. Fig. 2.
'T. foliis radicalibus incisis, umbellis paucis.
Caulis erectus, teres, gracilis.
Folia radicalia, ternata, multipartita, incisa, longe petiolata.
Umbella simplex, terminalis, radiis pluribus, brevibus.
Calyx nullus.
Corolla. Petala quinque ovata cum acumine inflexo.
Stamina. Filamenta quinque petalis longiora; Antheris bilocula-
ribus, reniformibus.
Pistillum. Germen inferum, cyathiforme. Styli ivareat Stig-
mata simplicia.
Fructus rugosus bipartibilis in semina duo semiovata, gibba.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Nomen a rgayvs asper, et “vq membrana.
Obs. ‘This Genus appears to be the same as Azorella of La Bil-
lardiere; but that name having been previously given to
another by Cavanilles, and which is taken up in Lamarck’s
Encyclop. Bot., I am under the necessity of giving this
another name. 7
TaB-
s\
ah Eooa ey CL
mga Sion 4 lt
Pha, dagen Swarr et Pine
E Hen pai abaya
Ate a De be Oi HGH
Bb 4
A ew
a -
the
ae 4
iit ‘hin “be ak oe
halts Ree "fe
Linn. Trans. Vol. X. Tab. 22.p. 301,
p)
het cut bls =
TALL
c
Wy
y) inl oovtae fulove iA
A.det?
several Species of Plants from New Holland. 301
Tan. XXI. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus.
b. Idem petalis diruptis.
c. Anthera fronte et dorso visa.
d. Pistillum.
e. Fructus.
XANTHOSIA.
Pentandria Digynia.
Cuar. Essnn. Calyx diphyllus. Petala quinque, ovata, stami-
nibus opposita. Fructus ovatus, bipartibilis, glandulis duabus
coronatus, striatus.
XANTHOSIA PILOSA.
Tas. XXII. Fig. 1.
X. foliis lanceolatis, sinuatis, floribus axillaribus.
Frutex ramosus.
Caulis erectus, gracilis, pilosus.
Folia alterna, petiolata, sublanceolata, sinuata, subtus pilosa.
Flores plures axillares.
Bractee due, subulatz, pilis longis densissime vestite.
Calyx diphyllus corolla longior.
Corolla. Petala quinque ovata, acuta.
Stamina. Filamenta petalorum longitudine. Anthere reniformes,
biloculares.
Nectaria duo.
Pistillum. Germen ovatum, striatum, bipartibile, glandulis duabus
coronatum. Styli duo pilosi. Stigma simplex.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
VOL. x. QR Nomen
302 Mr. RupvcGe’s Description of
Nomen a Zav$og flavus. This plant when immersed in warm
water communicates to it a deep yellow colour.
Taz. XXII. Fig. 1. Ramulus magnitudine naturali.
. Flos integer magnitudine auctus.
Calyx.
. Bractea.
. Corolla latere et fronte visa.
. Eadem petalis diruptis.
. Anthera latere, dorso et fronte visa.
. Nectaria.
. Pistillum.
See QAaaan
PORANTHERA.
Pentandria Trigynia.
Cuar. Essen. Flores corymbosi. Petala quinque, ovata, in-
tegra. Involucrum octophyllum. Calyx nullus. Pericarpia
tria polysperma.
PoRANTHERA ERICIFOLIA.
Tas. XXII. Fig. 2.
P. foliis subulatis, multifariam imbricatis; corymbis termina-
libus.
Frutex ramosus, ramis teretibus, patentibus.
Radix fibrosa.
Folia numerosa, lineari-subulata, dense imbricata, tres ad quatuor
lineas longa, vix quintam linee partem lata.
Corymbus compositus, terminalis.
Calyx nullus.
Corolla.
several Species of Plants from New Holland. 303
Corolla. Petala quingue ovato-oblonga, integerrima.
Stamina. Filamenta quinque, petalis duplo longiora. Anthere
quadriloculares.
Pericarpia tria polysperma.
Habitat prope Port Jackson in Nova Hollandia.
Nomen a zogos porus et avbyeq anthera.
Tas. XXII. Fig. 2. Planta magnitudine naturali.
a. Flos integer magnitudine auctus.
b. Idem petalis abruptis.
c. Antherz latere, fronte et dorso vis.
d. Pericarpia.
The Synonyms to several of the species above described have
been added from Mr. Brown’s Prodromus, which has been
published some time since this paper was read to the Lin-
nean Society.
2n2 XI. Some
( 304 )
XI. Some Remarks on the Physiology of the Egg, communicated
ina Letter from John Ayrton Paris, M.B. io William George
Maton, M.D. V.P.L.S, $e. §¢
Read April Ath, 1809.
Dear Sir,
Tue extensive range which the Ovipari form in the scale of ani-
mated existence renders the physiology of the egg a subject of
extraordinary interest and importance to the disciple of Lin-
neus : I am therefore induced to hope that the communication
of any new facts relative to its organization and development
will be received by you as an acceptable tribute to the canse
of natural history.
The ova, or germs of oviparous animals admit of an evident
division into two orders. I. The Perrecr, and II. the Imrrr-
rect. The former are deposited by the Aves, Serpentes, and
by most Oviparous Quadrupeds, and are completely formed im
utero; whilst the latter, produced by some of the Testacea, Am-
phibia, and by most Pisces, acquire additions after their ex-
clusion. The observations contained in this memoir relate more
particularly to the class dves, the history of whose ova compre-
hends whatever is interesting or important in the germs of in-
ferior animals. The egg, when completed and deposited, con-
sists of the following parts :—
1. Vitellus or yolk, with its capsule and cicatricula; 2. The two
Albumina
On the Physiology of the Ege. 505
Albumina, with their proper membranes ; 5. The Chalaze; 4. The
Folliculus aéris; 5. 'The Common Membranes; 6. The Exterior
Involucrum, or Shell.
The necessity of any description of these parts is superseded
by the minute and valuable details which are to be found in the
works of Fapricivus AB AQUAPENDENTE, Harvey, Marereuy,
and of many modern and enlightened physiologists; I shall
confine myself, therefore, to what I consider exclusively original.
The principal use of the albuminous portion of the egg is
doubtless to afford materials for the growth, and nourishment for
the support, of the ovular embryon: such however does not
appear to be the only purpose for which it is designed. No
where does Nature display more anxiety for the preservation of
her offspring, or more wisdom to obtain her objects, than in her
provisions to ensure an equable temperature to the fwtus in ovo;
a condition which is so essential to the evolution of the animal,.
that the smallest deviation overthrows the nice balance between
the different actions that are to mature it, and produces fatal
effects. The albumen then I consider as a great defence against
such an evil. The chalaza, by retaining the cicatricula at the
source of heat, obviates the mischief that would accrue from
constant change of position; but the albumen, being a most
feeble conductor of caloric, retards the escape of heat, prevents
any sudden transition of temperature, and thus averts the fatal
chills which the occasional migrations of the parent might
induce. As an illustration of the use and importance of such a
structure, I may observe, that those fish which retain their vi-
tality a considerable time after their removal from the water, as
eels and tench, have the power of secreting a slimy and viscid
fluid, with which they envelop their bodies. Is it not extremely
probable that this matter, by acting like the albumen of the egg,
and.
306 Dr. Paris’s Remarks on
and preventing evaporation from the surface of the animal, and
the consequent change of temperature, may be the principal
cause of this tenacity of life ?
It must however be remarked, that deviations of temperature
are injurious and fatal in proportion only to the degree of vital
energy which the ovular embryon possesses: hence germs of
inferior vitality not only suffer the vicissitudes of heat and
cold with impunity, but are developed by a less defined tem-
perature. We therefore perceive, as we descend the scale of
oviparous beings, that those peculiar provisions which the eggs
of perfect animals possess, for the regulation of their tempera-
ture, cease to be essential, and therefore disappear.
The part of the egg to which I next beg to direct your atten-
tion is the folliculus aéris, or air-bag, placed at its obtuse extre-
mity ; the nature of this follicle excited in me considerable in-
terest, as I found that it had not been so fully investigated as its
importance seemed to demand.
The external shell, and the internal_membrane by which it is
lined, constitute the parietes of the cavity, whose extent in the
recent egg scarcely exceeds in size the eye of a small bird: by
incubation, however, it is extended to a considerable magnitude.
That its most essential use is to oxygenate the blood of the chick,
in my opinion there can be no doubt: but to establish com-
pletely the truth of such a theory, it is necessary to discover the
nature of the air by which it is inflated, and which has hitherto
remained unexamined. We are informed by Buffon, that it is a
product of the fermentation which the different parts of the egg
undergo. If the Count’s conjecture be established, it must be
non-respirable, and therefore cannot discharge the office which
such a theory would assign to it. ‘To determine this matter, and
to discover also whether the process of incubation produces any
eh change
the Physiology of the Egg. 507
change in its chemical constitution, I instituted the following
experiments ; viz.
ExpPERIMENT 1,
Twenty-one hen’s eggs newly laid, when punctured at their
obtuse extremity, yielded only 1 cubical inch of gas, which, when
received in a jar, and subjected to the eudiometric test of
Dr. Priestley, I found to be pure atmospherical air.
ExeerRiIMENT 2.
Two eggs, after 20 days’ incubation, were opened under the
‘surface of water, from which 1 cubical inch of gas was collected:
this I also discovered to be atmospherical air, contaminated how-
ever with a small portion. of carbonic acid, which I suspect to be
derived from the venous blood of the chick, and which seems to
establish another most beautiful analogy between. this mode of
oxygenation, and respiration after birth.
From these results the following corollaries may be drawn: viz.
1. The folliculus aéris before incubation contains atmosphe-
rical air.
2. No other chemical change takes place in the constitution of.
the air, than a small inquination with carbonic acid. .
5. It gains by incubation an increase of volume, which takes:
place nearly in the ratio of 10 to 1.
I must here remark, that its extent does not increase equally
in equal successive portions of time, but observes a rate of pro-.
gression, which is accelerated as the latter stages of incubation
advance: it seems, however, to arrive at its maximum of dilatation
a few days previous to the exclusion of the animal.
In the eggs of inferior animals, the embryon does not appear:
to be oxygenated by any distinct apparatus, but, like the animal
which
308 Dr Panrts’s Remarks on
which it is hereafter to become, receives air through the medium
of spiracula, dispersed over the exterior tnvolucrum. The de-
scription of the folliculus aéris just delivered is taken from that
in the egg of our common hen. ‘The same apparatus exists in
the eggs of all birds, and contains a similar air: its capacity,
however, does not seem to vary either with the size of the egg,
or of the bird to which it belongs; but I think Ihave discovered
a beautiful law by which its extent is modified.
Thave uniformly found, as far as my contracted inquiries have
led me, that the folliculus aéris is of greater magnitude in the eggs
of those birds which place their nests on the ground, and whose
young are hatched fledged, and capable of exerting their muscles
as soon as they burst from their shell, than in the eggs of those
whose nests are generally built on trees, and whose progeny are
born blind and forlorn. Thus the folliculi in the eggs of fowls,
partridges, and moor-hens are of considerable extent, whilst
those in the eggs of crows, sparrows, and doves are extremely
contracted. ‘The chick, therefore, of fowls and partridges has a
more perfect plumage, and a greater aptitude to locomotion,
than the callow nestlings of doves and sparrows. Such an
instance of the agency of oxygenation in the promotion and
increase of muscular power is not solitary in physiology; for the
history of ruminating animals will furnish us with a parallel
example. “Their cotyledons,” observes the author of Zoonomia,
“seem to be designed for the purpose of expanding a greater
surface for the termination of the placental vessels, in order to
receive oxygenation from the uterine ones: thus the progeny
of this class of animals are more completely formed before their
nativity than that of the carnivorous classes. Calves therefore
and lambs can walk about in a few minutes after their birth;
while kittens and puppies remain many days without opening
their
the Phy ysiology of the Keg. 509
‘their eyes.” If any further testimony be necessary to show that
the augmentation of muscular energy is the result of a nice
combination of oxygen with the animal organs, many interesting
facts might be adduced in confirmation of its truth. We gene-
rally find the strength of an animal proportionate to the extent
‘of its chest: hence an attention to the “animosum pectus” has
been attended with the improvement of our breed of cattle; and
it is in consequence of a great extent of pneumatic receptacle
that birds are enabled to bear the prodigious muscular exertion
of flight. Is it not probable, too, that the repeated suspirations
of the fatigued are instinctive exertions to procure a greater
proportion of oxygen, by which their muscular energy may be
revived? J must not quit the subject of this follicle, without no-
ticing a very curious fact well known to every one employed in the
concerns of a farm-yard,—that, if the obtuse extremity of an egg
be perforated with the point of the smallest needle, (a stratagem
which malice not unfrequently. suggests,) its generating process
is arrested, and it perishes like the subventaneous egg. Hence
Sir Busick Harwood was led to suspect that the elastic fluid
contained in the air-bag was oxygen, and I was induced to
examine its nature. .Can this curious problem *be solved, by
supposing that the constant ingress of fresh air is too highly ex-
citing? A parallel example may be adduced from the vegetable
kingdom in support of such an opinion. The young and tender
plant, before it puts forth its roots, is often destroyed by having
too free a communication with the atmosphere, by which its
powers are exhausted: it is to obviate such an effect, that the
horticulturist, taught only by experience, covers it with a glass,
by which he limits the extent of its atmosphere, and conse-
quently decreases its respiration, transpiration, and the inordinate
actions which would prove fatal to it.
VOL. Xx. 2s I shall
310 Dr. Paxrts’s Remarks on
I shall close this paper with a few observations on the forma-
tion of the exterior involucrum, or shell, by which this microcosm
is defended from external violence. We here detect a single
operation, at once answering two of the wisest and most import-
ant purposes of the animal: it at once averts destruction from the
individual, and contributes essentially to the preservation of its
species ; for, whilst it removes the calcareous matter, which, if
allowed to accumulate, must render the bird incapable of flight,
and defeat the best purposes of its existence, it furnishes the
germ of the future animal with a strong and convenient defence.
The eggs of birds are, however, sometimes destitute of this pro-
vision, which I think may arise from the secretion of calcareous
matter not keeping pace with the exuberant production of the
fluids of the egg. Hence we perceive this imperfection oftener
occurring in strong birds, and in the months of harvest, when
their food is more luxuriant and abundant. The experiments
of Vauquelin, which prove that the quantity of calcareous
matter voided by birds exceeds that taken in, suggested to
Fordyce, that birds must require calcareous matter during their
laying, and that, if the animal be deprived of it, the shell is never
formed. Such a theory, however, is not only derogatory to the
wisdom of nature, but illegally deduced from the experiments
themselves. Are we to expect, from our imperfect notions of
elementary bodies, to explain the origin of every substance found
in the animal ceconomy, or the series of changes which it under-
goes? Nature has her own laboratory, and is capable, without any
foreign aid, of preparing the ingredients necessary for her pro-
ductions. That a deficiency of calcareous matter in the system
is the cause of the absence of the shell, no one will deny; but
that this depends on some internal state, and not on the privation
of lime, may be shown by the following curious circumstance.
A hen,
the Physiology of the Egg. 311
A hen, which I kept for some experiments, had its leg broken in
two parts. ‘The fracture was carefully bandaged ; three days sub-
sequent to which, several eggs destitute of shells were found on the
premises. ‘The hen had deposited no perfect eggs, nor were there
any other birds from which these yolks could have proceeded :
I therefore conjectured that all the calcareous matter designed
for the formation of the shell had been employed in the regene-
ration of the bone. We find a similar law existing in the human
species. The reunion of a bone fractured during a woman’s
pregnancy is often delayed until her delivery; and it is well
known, that, if the horns of a deer be broken at the rutting
season, it is incapable of procreating its species.—I remain, dear
Sir, with great esteem,
Yours faithfully,
Joun Ayrton Parts.
Westminster,
November 30, 1808,
2823 XII. Some
( 312)
XII. Some Observations on the Parts of Fructification in Mosses ;
with Characters and Descriptions of Two New Genera of that
Order. By Mr. Robert Brown, Lib. Linn. Soc..
Read June 20th, 1809.
Tur account which the celebrated Hedwig has given of the sexes
of Mosses, seems to be founded on so ample an induction, and is
now so generally received, that it must be necessary to notice-
the arguments which mere theoretical Botanists have from time
to time produced against it. There is, however, one author,.
Mons. Palisot Beauvois, who has not only objected to the ac--
count ef Hedwig, but has proposed a theory of his. own, and
who consequently appealing to actual observations, and appear-
ing to have particularly studied, specifically at least, this tribe of
plants, merits some attention. The earliest account of Mons..
Beauvois’ theory is to be found in the observations added to the
order Musci in the Genera Plantarum of Jussieu; and it was.
soon after more fully given by the author himself, in a Memoir
on the Sexual Organs of Mosses, published in the third volume
of the American Philosophical Transactions: since that time he
has in his different works occasionally treated of the same
subject, and has lately repeated the substance of his original
essay, in the introduction to his “ Prodrome de Cinquieme et Siai-
eme Familles de Athiogamie,” published at Paris in 1805, a
translation of which is given by my friend Mr. Konig, in the
second volume of the Annals of Botany. To this work, as it must”
be
On the Parts of Fructification in Mosses. 318
be in the hand of every scientific botanist, I refer for a full
account of M. Beauvois’ hypothesis, and confine myself to ob-
serving, that what is generally called the capsule of Mosses is
by him. considered as the containing organ of both sexes; that
the granules which Hedwig supposes to be seeds, he regards as
pollen; the real seeds according to him being imbedded in the
substance of that body which occupies. the centre of the cap-
sule, and to which botanists have given the name of columnula
or columella. 'The supposed seeds of this author, however,
having entirely escaped the two most acute and experienced ob-
servers in this department of. botany, Schmidel and Hedwig, in
all the species of which they have given dissections, it might
fairly be concluded that they are not. of universal existence, and
this alone would be sufficient perhaps. to overturn the hypo-
thesis.. But it would be more satisfactory, if, while the accuracy
ef these excellent observers was confirmed in other instances,.
the cause of that appearance, which I apprehend. has misled
M. Beauvois,.could at the same time be pointed out. The
species more particularly described and figured by him in the
American. Transactions, is Hypnum velutinum; which therefore,
had it been in a proper state, I should have preferred as the sub-
ject of my examination; but as he asserts that his observations
were repeated, and with similar results, on all the species of
Mosses found in the neighbourhoed of Paris and Lisle, I have
chosen Lunaria hygrometrica, perhaps the most general plant in
existence; which therefore must have been examined by him, and
is within the reach of every one.
As, according to M. Beauvois, the action of the pollen on
the seeds does not take place till the separation of the operculum,
he probably did not conceive it necessary to observe the capsule
until it had acquired its full size, and was in fact nearly ripe,
or,
S14 Mr. Brown’s Observations on the
or, as he terms it, in blossom. At this period he examined under
the microscope a transverse section of the capsule, in which,
as appears both from his description and figure, he found a
dense stratum of granular matter, which he considered to be
pollen, situated immediately within the inner membrane; while
in the substance occupying the centre, which he describes as
reticulated, he observed scattered granules, in size and appear-
ance - like those of the pollen already mentioned: these he
regards as the genuine seeds, and the containing organ he calls
the capsule.
It is remarkable that he no where expressly states the manner
in which this capsule bursts: but it may be inferred, from the
use he assigns to the peristomium, that he supposes it to eject
its contents by the upper extremity: for, if the bursting were la-
teral, the seeds would at once come into contact with the pollen:
but though impregnation would in this way more certainly be
accomplished, the motions of the ciliz could no longer be con-
sidered as in any degree assisting it.
Desirous to examine an object as nearly similar as possible to
that on which the hypothesis appears to be founded, I in the
first place made a transverse section of the full grown but green
capsule of Funaria hygrometrica; and, I confess, was both sur-
prised and disappointed to find it, under the microscope, exactly
resembling M. Beauvois’ figure [18]. But little reflection, how-
ever, was necessary to show that these scattered granules might
either have been forced into the pulpy central substance, by the
pressure necessarily applied to the stratum of pollen in making
the section, or, what is more probable, been carried over its surface
by the cutting instrument, which had previously passed through
this stratum. Accordingly, by repeated immersion in water, and
more readily still by the careful application of a small hair
pencil,
Parts of Fructification in Mosses: 315
pencil, the greater part of the granules was removed. A trans-
verse section at an earlier stage of the capsule, before the falling
of the calyptra, exhibited, as I expected, fewer granules on the
substance of the columella, and which were removeable in like
manner. Lastly, by a longitudinal section, in which, if well per-
formed, the scalpel could not be supposed to carry any part of
the pollen over the surface of the columella, I obtained a distinct
view of this part, perfectly free from these supposed seeds, and
evidently consisting of large cells filled with an uniform pulpy
substance; a continuation of which occupied the cavity of the
operculum. é
From these observations, even added to those of Schmidel
and Hedwig, though they seem conclusive against the hypothesis
of M. Beauvois, I by no means pretend to reason strictly re-
specting the whole order: on the contrary, from the conversa-
tions I have had with my ingenious and accurate friend Mr.
Francis Bauer, as well as from some observations of my own, I
am disposed to believe that considerable diversities may exist in
the placentation of Mosses: that in some cases the seeds may be
formed in a much greater portion of the columnula than in
others: and it is even not improbable that in certain cases its.
whole substance may be converted into seeds; or, to speak more
accurately, that it may produce seeds even to the centre, and that
the cells in which they were probably formed may be re-ab-
sorbed. This I am inclined to think is the case in Phascum al-
ternifolium of Dickson, in the ripe capsule of which there is
hardly the vestige of acolumnula; and I have observed the same
structure in two new species of Anodontium of Bridel; which,
if it equally exists in the only species of this genus hitherto de-
scribed, would perhaps considerably strengthen its character.
In these cases the inner membrane is also evanescent; and such
a struce
316 Mr. Brown’s Observations on the
a structure, it may be remarked, equally militates against M. Beau-
vois’ theory, whether we suppose the columella to have existed
at an earlier stage, in the usual form, or not.
As to this organ being tubular, and discharging its contents by
the top, it is neither consistent with what has been already ob-
served, nor with the appearance of its remains in the ripe cap-
sule: but admitting for a moment its tubular nature, there are
certain Mosses in which no discharge could possibly take place
in the way described; the column being elongated even to the
apex of the operculum, to which it often continues to adhere, as
in Buxbaumia, and in the first of the two new genera which I
now proceed to describe.
DAWSONIA.
Peristomium penicillatum, ciliis numerosissimis capillaribus rectis
zqualibus e capsule parietibus columellaque (!) ortis.
Capsula hinc plana, indé convexa.
Calyptra exterior e villis implexis, énterior apice scabra.
Muscus hinc arcté affinis Polytricho, quo cum foliis, floribus mas-
culis, et calyptrd penitus convenit ; inde, aliquo modo. Bux~
baumiz accedens, presertim figurd capsule, et “structurd colu-
melle. Peristomio autem ab omnibus diversissimus.
Dawsonia POLYTRICHOIDES.
Tas. XXIII. Fig. 1.
Parria. Nove Hollandiz ora orientalis, extra tropicum.
Srario. Ripe subumbrose rivulorum, ad radices ABET te, in
vicinitate Portis Jackson.
Desc. Caspites laxi, amorphi. Radicule tenuissime, tomenti
instar
Parts of Fructification in Mosses. 317
instar caudicem ‘descendentem brevem investientes. Caulis
simplicissimus, erectus, strictus, 2—S-uncialis, basi reliquiis
foliorum squamatus, supra dense foliatus. Folia, e basi dila-
tata semiamplexicauli membranaced fusca, lineari-subulata,
Opaca, viridia, marginibus longitudinaliter dorsoque apicis
denticulatis, spinulis sursum crebrioribus majoribusque, con-
caviuscula, patula, siccatione appressa, canaliculata, superiora
vix semuncialia, inferiora sensim breviora.
Masculi Flores terminales, discoidei. Folia perigonialia cuneato-
orbiculata, mucronata, integerrima, semimembranacea, exte-
riora sensim majora. Fla succulenta numerosa, articulata, basi
attenuata. Anthere flosculi singuli 6—8, cylindracee, bre-
vissimé pedicellatz.
Femineus Flos in distincto individuo. Seta terminalis, solitaria,
erecta, levis, nitens, rufo-fusca, caule ter brevior, foliis termi-
nalibus dupld longior. Vaginula cylindracea, stricta, glabra,
tegmine pilorum calyptre exterioris instar instructa.
Calyptra duplex: exterior constans pilis intertextis dimidio infe-
riore tenui flexuoso pallido ramuloso edentulo, superiore fer-
rugineo stricto denticulato: interior membranacea straminea,
capsule mature subulata, supra lopgitudinaliter fissa, apice
solim denticulata.
Capsula nutans, angulum feré rectum cum seta efformans, ovata,
per lentem reticulata, areolis subrotundis, sordidé fusca, levis,
nonnitens, supra plana marginibus acutis, subtds modice con-
vexa ore coarctato, marginato. Apophysis nulla.
Operculum conico-cylindraceum, capsula brevius, apice lateris
superioris in mucronein levissimé incurvum producto, basi in-
crassata, cum calyptris sepissimé deciduum.
Peristomium penicillum densum album referens, longitudine cir-
citer dimidii capsule, formatum Ciliis indeterminatim nu-
VOL. x. 2. merosissimis
$18 Mr. Brown’s Observations on the
merosissimis (200 et ultra) capillaribus inarticulatis equalibus
rectis albis opacis, pluribus e capsule parietibus ortum du-
centibus, centralibus (circiter 50) columellam terminantibus !
Membrana interior capsule mature exterior! approximata, vas-
culisque numerosis connexa.
Columella longitudine capsule mature, in qua latiuscula, cor-
rugata, colli brevis margine incrassata, intra cilias desinens in
processum filiformem solidum indivisum apicem operculi at-
tingentem eique arctils adherentew.
Semina minutissima, levia, in cumulo viridia, need hyalina.
Oss. L. Ihave named this remarkable genus in honour of my
esteemed friend Dawson Turner, Esq., a gentleman emi-
nently distinguished in every part of Cryptogamic botany, and
from whom, after he has finished the incomparable work on
Fuci, in which he is now engaged, we may expect a general
history of Mosses.
Obs. 1]. The strict relationship between Dawsonia and Polytri-
chum in most respects, and the striking dissimilarity of their
peristomiums, may tend, perhaps, in some degree to lessen our
confidence in the characters derived from that part; for there
seems in this case but little analogy between the two struc-
tures. ‘The better to understand that of Polytrichum, I was
induced along with Mr. Turner to examine it in the unripe
capsule: in this state the cavity of the operculum was
found completely filled with a cellular pulp, similar to that
composing the columella, of which it appeared evidently to be
a continuation: to the surface of this pulp the teeth of the pe-
ristomium were closely pressed, but did not adhere: by degrees
the pulp dries up, and in the ripe capsule leaves only the
membrane or tympanum of an inorganic appearance, and
firmly
Parts of Fructification in Mosses. $19
firmly cohering with the teeth by the inner side of their apices.
It does not therefore properly belong to the operculum, though
in some cases it may adhere to it, as does the analogous process
of the columella in Dawsonia and in several other Mosses.
The affinity of Dawsonia to Burbaumia is certainly less strict
than to Polytrichum, and rests chiefly on the,similarity of the
figure of the capsule, and in the central process of the colu-
mella, which is still more evident in Burbaumia, where it forms
part of the Linnean generic character, though unaccountably
overlooked by Schmidel in his masterly dissertation ; but, if I
mistake not, actually represented by him [in fig. 14, b, /.c.],
and confounded with the peristomium, which in this case, I
suppose, had adhered to the operculum, as | have repeatedly
found it to do, and thus escaped his notice. Hedwig consi-
ders the plaited membrane which constitutes the peristomium
of Buabaumia, as derived from the inner membrane of the
capsule, and quotes the figure just mentioned of Schmidel in
proof of this origin. In both species, however, | find it arising
from the exterior membrane, though considerably within its
margin, which in Buabaumia aphylla is said by Hedwig to be
divided into teeth,—an appearance I could not observe in the
few ripe capsules I have dissected. In other respects, the two
species seem essentially to agree, and therefore ought not to
be separated, as Ehrhart and some late writers have done.
The generic character comprehending both, I would propose
to alter in the following manner.
BUXBAU MIA.
Capsula obliqua, hinc convexior, v. gibba.
Peristomium intra marginem, quandoque dentatum, membrane
exterioris ortum, tubulosum, plicatum, apice apertum.
272 LEPTO-
$20 Mr. Brown’s Observations on the
LEPTOSTOMU M.
Capsula oblonga, exsulca; Operculo hemispherico, mutico.
Peristomium simplex, membranaceum, annulare, planum, indi-
visum, e membrana interiori ortum..
Musci densé cespitosi. Caules erecti, annotino-ramosi. Folia un-
dique modicé patentia, latiuscula, nervo valido, marginibus integris,
revolutis, pilo (quandoque ramoso?) terminata. Seta terminalis.
Capsula erecta, v. inclinans, basi in apophysin obconicam attenuata,
ore coarctato. Calyptra glabra, levis, caduca.
1. L. inclinans, foliis ovato-oblongis obtusis; pilo simplici, cap-.
sulis inelinatis obovato-oblongis.
Tap. XXIII. Fig. 2.
Parria. Insula Van-Diemen..
Sratio. Rupes ct saxa ad latus orientale prope summitatem
Montis Tabularis Lat. Aust. 43°, elevatione supra mare
3000 ad 3500 ped.
Desc. Muscus late virens 2—3S-uncialis. Caules parm divisi,
infra tomento denso ferrugineo vestiti, supra confertim fo-
liati. Folia concaviuscula per lentem minutissimeé punctato-
areolata, pilo tortili ipso folio quater breviore. Seta fusca,
levis. Vaginula infra stipata adductoribus pluribus filis-
que succulentis eapillaribus articulatis.
2. L. erectum, foliis oblongo-parabolicis obtusis; pilo simplici,,
capsulis erectis oblongis.
Patria. Nove Hollandiz ora orientalis, extra tropicum.
Sratio. Rupes prope fluviorum ripas, in regione montana ;
ad fluvios Hawkesbury et Grose.
Desc. Muscus 2—5-uncialis. Caules simplices et subramosi,
infra.
|
|
;
Parts of Fructification in Mosses. 321
infra tomento ferrugineo vestiti, supra dense foliati. Folia
‘siccatione parim curvata et simul adpressa. Seta elongata,
fusca, levis, Capsula equilatera. Operculum delapsum fuit.
3. L. gracile, foliis ovato-oblongis acutiusculis; pilo simplici folii
dimidium equante, capsulis oblongis zquilateris. inclinatis.
Parria. Nova Zelandia.
Sratrro. Umbrosa humida (?) ad Dusky Bay. Dom. Arch.
Menzies.
Desc. Caules subramosi. Folia siccatione adpressa, areolato-
punctata. Seta elongata, levis. Vaginula cylindracea, filis
succosis adductoribusque numerosis cincta.
4. L. Menziesii, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis acutis; pilo. simplici
folio quater breviore, capsulis oblongis inclinatis. arcuato-
Tecurvis..
Patria. Americe Australis Staten-Land, ubi anno 1787 de-
texit Dom. Arch. Menzies, cujus amicitiz banc et preeceden-
tem speciem debeo..
STATIO. -----
Desc. Muscus leté virens, sesquiuncialis. Caules subsim-
plices, basi ferrugineo-tomentosi, supra confertim foliati.
Folia erecto-patentia, siccatione adpressa, minutissimé
areolata, v. punctata.. Seta caulem szpils superans, erecta,
fusca, levis. Capsula subfalcata ad angulum. acutum ra-
riusve feré rectum inelinans.
%
Ons. The plants which I have referred to this genus are all
natives of the southern hemisphere, and in their habit, in
which there is something peculiar, strictly agree with each
ather, and. with Bryum macrocarpum of Hedwig. In three
of
322
Mr. Brown’s Observations on the
of the four species here described, I have had the oppor-
tunity of removing the operculum without having been able
in any case to observe an external peristomium, which, from
the appearance of these plants, might be expected to exist,
and which Hedwig has figured in his Brywm macrocarpum.
Of this plant I have only seen specimens that had lost the
operculum: the mouth of the capsule, however, seemed to be
very perfect, and was furnished with a membrane, exactly as
in the species here described, but I could not: perceive any
remains of external teeth. In opposition to such authority,
however, I do not venture to add it to this genus, to which
in every other respect it seems to belong.
The character of Leptostomum, derived from the undivided
annular process of the inner membrane of the capsule, may
to many appear too minute, and perhaps unimportant ; and
had it been observed in one species alone, I should not have
ventured on that account to distinguish it as‘a genus: but
finding it in four species, accompanied too with a habit
widely different from that of Gymnostomum, to which these
plants must otherwise be referred, I have not hesitated to
employ it. As, however, Hedwig has actually figured and
described an external peristomium in his Brywm macro-
carpum, whose striking resemblance to Leptostomum has
_been already noticed, there may be still some reason to
doubt the sufficiency of the generic character, and it may
seem somewhat improbable that Mosses of such a habit
should be really destitute of an outer peristomium. But,
without questioning the accuracy of Hedwig in this instance,
1 may be permitted to observe, that the outer peristomium
which he has figured in Bryum macrocarpum is extremely
unlike that of any other geaus where the fringe is double:
and
Fig.
Parts of Fructification in Mosses. 823
and it may perhaps in some degree tend to strengthen the
character of Leptostomum, to advert to what appears to
be really the case in certain species of Pterogonium, in
one of which* Mr. Hooker has already described the fringe
as derived solely from the inner membrane; and I have
collected, on the mountains of Van Diemen’s Island, a
moss with a peristomium decidedly of like origin; a cir-
cumstance that appeared to me so remarkable, that I had
actually described it as a distinct genus, before I was aware
of the similar structure of the Nepal plant described by
Mr. Hooker; or of the probability, from Hedwig’s own
figures, that some at least of his Pterogonia were ‘of the
same structure; a point that I have not at present the means
of determining, but which I beg leave to recommend to the
attention of those botanists who are provided with perfect
specimens of the published Pterogonia.
EXPLICATIO TABULA XXIII.
1. Dawsonia polytrichoides. a. Mascula planta magnitu-
dine naturali. 6. Discus masc. auctus. c. Ejusdem flos
unicus. d. Idemabsque folio perigoniali, magisque auctus.
e. Anthera et filum succulentum maximé aucta. f. Feminez
plante magn. nat. g. Vaginula cum foliis perichetialibus
auctis. A. Capsula cum calyptra exteriori. 7. Pili calyptre
exterioris magis aucti. j. Capsula cum operculo et calyptra
interiori. k. /. Capsula deoperculata cum peristomio. m. Cap-
sulz sectio ejusdem figuram insertionemque ciliarum os-
tendens. o. Calyptra interior. p. Operculum cum colu-
* Pterogonium declinatum. Trans. Linn, Soc. ix. p. 309.
mellz
324 On the Parts of Fructification in Mosses.
melle processu filiformi. g. Columella ciliis suis terminata.
r. Semina. s. Cilia peristomii aucte.
Fig. 2. Leptostomum inclinans magnitudine naturali. «. Ejus-
dem capsula aucta cum membrana annulari. 8. Operculum.
y- Idem a basi visum cum annulo coherenti.
ee
XIII. Descrip-
;
( 3825 )
XIII. Description of Seven new Species of Testacea. By William
George Maton, M.D. F.R.S. § A.S. and V.P.L.S.
Read Nov. 7, 1809.
Tus shells which I am about to describe were referred to me by
the Right Hon. Sir Joseph Banks, Bart., K.B., who received them
from the estuary of the Rio de la Plata, and who, with his usual
liberality, obligingly presented me with specimens, and permitted
me to lay a description and figures of them before the Linnean
Society.
It is singular that so many new species should have been
found collected together in one spot, and still more so, that no
one species before described should have formed part of the as-
semblage. I am induced to think that they were brought down
together by some of the tributary streams of the Rio de la Plata,
from interior parts of the South American continent not hitherto
explored by conchologists; the name of one of these streams
proves that it abounds with natural productions of this tribe, for
itis called Rio di Conchas. Many of the bivalves were found
enveloped in the gelatinous matrix (if it may be so denominated)
in which they were first deposited, and to which probably all testa-
ceous creatures remain attached (unless removed by mechanical
violence) until the calcareous covering which is to form their pro-
tection has acquired the requisite degree of firmness. In the
present instance, this matriz, in its dry state, forms a tough, but
VOL. X. 2u thin,
326 Dr. Maton’s Description of
thin, semitransparent substance, not unlike bladder in texture,
and soluble in nitrous acid. The young shells are attached to
it by their epidermis, which, in fact, seems to be merely a mem-
branous expansion of the same substance, and to take its origin
from it for the purpose of confining the animal during the for-
mation of the shell. In some species, the attachment of the
membrane is so loose, that it is*thrown off very soon after the
animal is set at liberty; but in others it remains firmly adhering
to the calcareous matter during life. Most fluviatile shells retain
this covering more or less entire, and it is the case with all the
species hereunder described, in all their stages of growth. ‘The
membrane by which the calcareous matter of the shell is se-
creted, or deposited, is of a very different nature, and has a more
immediate connexion with the contained animal.
1. Mya LABIATA.
WA BX OL abate tea.
Mya testa subovali, valvis occlusissimis, alterius margine
1 abii instar) prominente.
Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis.
Testa firma, transversim striata, epidermide viridi, leviore, de-
cidua, intus margaritaceo-polita, anterius subrostrata. Cardinis
dens alterius valvz solidus, subcochleariformis, antrorsum por-
rectus, fovewe triangulari valve opposite insertus. Margo hujus
(® regione cardinis) quasi truncatus, illius rotundatus, subtenuis.
Umbones parum prominentes.
I have not mentioned the size of Mya labiata in the above de-
scription, not thinking myself warranted so to do, unless I had
seen a great number of specimens. ‘Those from which the cha-
racters were taken are all of the same size, and about 1 inch in
length,
Seven new Species of Testacea. 327
length, and rather more than 4 an inch in width. It is one of
the most remarkable bivalves with which I am acquainted, part
of the margin of one of the valves projecting over the correspond-
ing part of the other, so as, exactly, to resemble a lip. It is for-
tunate when so striking a character presents itself, for the species
cannot, in such circumstances, be mistaken.
2. Mya VARIABILIS.
Tas. XXIV. Fig. 4, 5, 6,7.
Mya testa subrhombea, gibbosa, umbonibus longitudinaliter
corrugatis, cardinis dentibus duobus, apice divergentibus, foveis
linearibus invicem insertis.
Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis.
Testa transversim striata, rugis sensim evanescentibus, epider-
mide viridescente-fusca, intus margaritacea, cerulescens, 1 poll.
longa (ztate provecta), vix 1 poll. lata. Margo antcrius suban-
gulatus, apud cardinem rectus.
Testa junior minus gibba, subrhomboidea, fragilis, subdia-
phana, colore intus purpurascente, rugis multd prominentiori-
bus et fere ad marginem usque divergentibus.
This species varies extremely in its structure and contour, ac-
cording to its several stages of growth; and, if I had scen only
the youngest and the oldest shells, without having had oppor-
tunities of comparing those of intermediate ages with each, I
should most probably have given them separate places in the
genus. ‘There can be no doubt that many other testacea (espe-
cially in the genera of Mya and Mytilus), at present considered as
distinct species, will, from the occurrence of similar opportuni-
ties, be found to owe their difference of form solely to difference
of age. ‘The most striking character in the younger specimens
2u2 of
328 Dr. Maton’s Description of
of Mya variabilis is the radiating ruge, or plaits, which proceed
from the apew of the wnbones, and cover nearly the whole of the
shell. This circumstance, added to some others, induced me, at
first, to look upon this shell as a variety of Mya corrugata, of
Miiller (Hist. Verm. terr. et fluv. 2. p. 214. n. 398), but, on con-
sulting the figures of that species given in the Beschaft des Gesell.
Naturf. Freunde zu Berlin, (tom. 4. p. 35. tab. 3. f. 7. 8), and by
Schroter (Flussconch. n. 182. tab. 9. f. 3), Tat length decided to
the contrary, its habit being totally different, though, from the
ambiguity of the description given in Gmelin, I might have
made a very gross mistake, had I been unable to consult the au-
thors just mentioned. In fig. 6 of the plate annexed to this
paper, it will be seen that the ruge@, though so strong over the
whole of the younger shell (fig. 5), are very indistinct as they
pass towards the margin, and in fig. 4, the oldest of the three
specimens, they are almost obsolete, except on the decorticated
umbo: it will be remarked also, that the outline of the shell be-
comes totally different at its full growth, gradually verging from
a subrhomboidal, or somewhat obliquely oval, to a subrhombic
or almost orbicular form. As these differences are so marked, no
person, I conceive, who duly considers the facts which I have
mentioned, will be liable to separate Mya variabilis into several
species.
3. TELLINA LIMOSA.
Tas. XXIV. Fig. 8, 9, 10.
TELLINA testa equivalvi, ovata, transversim striata, intus pur-
purea, umbonibus acutiusculis prominentibus.
Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis.
Testa vix fragilis, glabra, epidermide viridi, margine integro,
{ pollicis longa, = pollicis lata.
Fig. 10.
Seven new Species of Testacea. 329
Fig. 10. Testa junior, colore extus et intus pallidior, tenuior,
subdiaphana.
I have no particular remarks to make on this species, except
that it has a good deal of the habit of a Mactra. Having no
striking character, as to either its figure or colour, it is very
liable to be confounded with some other species, though I have
endeavoured to describe it with precision; and, had the describers
of those shells which are most nearly allied to it been less ambi-
guous in their definitions, I should not fear that there would be
any mistake in referring to its name.
4. MyTILus MEMBRANACEUS.
Tas. XXIV. Fig. 11, 12.
Myritvs testa subrhombea, fragillima, margine anteriore an-
gulata.
Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis.
Testa subdiaphana, 1 poll. longa et lata, subventricosa, feré
membranacea, intus submargaritacea, glaberrima, transversim
delicatissimé striata, colore extus viridescente, figura feré Mye
variabilis senioris. Margo ad cardinem rectissimus. Cardo eden-
tulus. Umbones acuti.
I have given the trivial name of membranaceus to this Mytilus,
on account of its extremely thin and tender texture, which forms
its most obvious character. The contour approaches so nearly
to that of Mya variabilis in its perfect state, as to render it de-
sirable that they should both be placed in the same genus, did
not the hinges so materially differ: in fact, many of the Mye
and Mytili belong to one natural family, and there is often much
difficulty in determining under which name a particular species
. ought
330 Dr. Maron’s Description of
ought to be placed, for Linnzus has not made the absence of
teeth an indispensable character for a Mytilus, and some of that
genus gape like the Mye at one extremity.
5. VouvtTa FLUVIATILIS.
Tas. XXIV. Fig. 13.
Vo.uta testa subovali, pellucida, levi, columella biplicata,
apertura integra.
Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis.
Testa vix } poll. longa, ultra } poll. lata, tenera, flavescente-vi-
ridis, eal brunneis transversim lineato-notata. Anfractus ro-
tundati. Spira prominula.
6. VoLUTA FLUMINEA.
Tab. XXIV. Fig. 14, 15.
Voturta testa obovata, cornea, longitudinaliter delicatissime
striata, apertura integra, columella biplicata, apice acuto, bre-
vissimo.
Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis.
Testa magnitudine precedentis, at ventricosior, anfractibus
magis depressis, apice verd tenuior, colore pallidior, obsoleté li-
Renee! lineis distantioribus.
These Volul@ are so nearly allied to each other, that I hesitated
at first to consider them as distinct species; yet the characters
given above, it is presumed, will sufficiently authorize their se-
paration. The shape of V. fluviatilis is almost a perfect oval,
but that of V. fluminea is obliquely ovated. ‘This variation might
be attributed to difference of age, were not the specimens all of
equal
4
‘
{
Seven new Species of Testacea. $31
equal size; and it ought, moreover, to be remarked, that the
Jatter of these species is most beautifully striated, an appearance
not distinguishable in the other, though perhaps obliterated
chiefly by the deeper colour and larger size of the spots, which
show themselves very strongly quite through to the interior of
the shell; the uppermost line of spots, however, on the gibbous
part of V. fluminea, is pretty deeply marked. ‘There are but few
fluviatile shells in this genus, and the two here described are not
likely to be confounded with any of them.
7 Hewix Prater.
Tas. XXIV. Fig. 16, 17.
Hexrx testa perforata, subglobosa, levi, alba, lineis transversis.
geminis, apertura interru pto-ovali, labio acutiusculo.
Habitat in America australi, fluviatilis.
Testa diametro # pollicis, solidula, epidermide lutescente, li-
neis purpurascente-brunneis nunc geminis, nunc solitariis et la~
tioribus transversim cincta, labio lacteo in columellam apud
umbilicum replicato. Anfractus 4—5, parum rotundati. Spira
acuminata.
This is a very elegant species; but, as the number of Helices
contained in Gmelin’s edition of the Systema Nature is so large,
I ought not to pronounce it new with too much confidence. No
description given by that author, however, can I consider as
applying to the shell which I have here named; nor is the latter
very liable to be confounded with others before known, because
such of the fluviatile tribe as are elegantly banded are compara-
tively few. I have taken its trivial name from the Rio de la
Plata.
Before
332 Seven new Species of Testacea.
Before I conclude this paper, I ought to express my obligation
to Mr. James D. Sowerby for the very accurate and excellent
drawings with which he has kindly enabled me to illustrate the
preceding descriptions, and without which my endeavours to
render myself clearly understood might have been very far from
being successful.
XIV. An
Linn. Trans Vol X. Tab 24 Pp. 332
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( 333 )
XIV. An Account of several Plants, recently discovered in Scotland
by Mr. George Don, A.L.S., not mentioned in the Flora Bri-
tannica nor English Botany. By James Edward Smith, M.D.
PWS. b.L:5-
Read Nov. 21, and Dec. 5, 1809.
Norwirustraypine the numerous additions to the British Flora,
owing to the labour and acuteness of various observers, especially
of Mr. Dickson, within the last 20 years, new discoveries, of the
most interesting nature, are continually rewarding the zeal of
new votaries to botany. I need only advert to the Buxbaumia
aphylla, the abundance of new Lichens, Fuci and Conferve, and
the numerous Salices, which are amongst our more recent acqui-
sitions, in proof of my assertion.
The richest harvest we have for a long time had, was commu-
nicated to me in the course of last summer by Mr. George Don of
Forfar, whose scientific merits and eminent zeal are sufficiently
known to the Linnean Society. I have chosen a part of these
treasures for the materials of my earliest tribute to the Society,
at its first meeting for this season, after the long vacation. The
plants shall be enumerated in systematic order, with such re-
marks as I may think useful or amusing to British botanists, ac-
companied by characters and descriptions of such species as,
from their novelty or obscurity, may require that sort of illus-
tration.
VOL. x. 2x 1, Aira
334 Dr. Smirn’s Account of several Plants,
1. Arra levigata*,
foliis planis ; vaginis levissimis, panicula coarctata, petalis aris-
tatis basi villosis, rachi glabra brevissima.
Found on the high mountains of Clova in Angusshire, as well
as at the sea-side near Dundee. In the former situation it
is viviparous; in the latter not so. ‘This grass appears to have
been overlooked as a viviparous alpine variety of Aira cespitosa.
At least, so Linnzeus, who received it from Lapland by means of
some one of his travelling pupils, considered it; and probably
it is the supposed variety, mentioned on the authority of the Rev.
Hugh Davies, in the Flora Britannica. Mr. Don, however, justly
remarks, that it differs from the cespitosa in never being above
a foot, or foot and half, high, even when cultivated in a rich
moist soil; as well as in the great smoothness of the herbage
when drawn through the hand. For, though the edges of the
leaves are rough, their sheaths and backs are remarkably
smooth. My acute correspondent thought he had ascertained a
further difference, in the absence of the woolliness at the base of
the flowers. This, however, I find not exactly the case; but the
remark has led to the detection of a curious specific character in
those parts. This consists in the extreme shortness, and perfect
smoothness or nakedness, of the little partial stalk which elevates
one floret, while the very base of each floret is bearded. In
A. cespitosa thep artial stalk itself is hairy all over, and of a much
greater length than in our devigata. Mr. Don informs me that the
latter flowers a month earlier than ceéspitosa. 'The root is fibrous
and perennial.
The examination of this grass in its viviparous state, teaches
us one mode in which that phenomenon takes place, and which
* Engl, Bot, t, 2102.
is
recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. 335
is perhaps the only mode with respect to grasses. This is by an
absolute transmutation, more or less complete, of the glumes of
the corolla into leaves. That such is the case, is evident, not
only from the change being mostly incomplete, part of the glume
retaining its natural state, but also from the awn terminating the
newly-formed leaf. Indeed it often seems as if the lower part
only of the awn itself had become leaf, the glume which bears
it remaining unchanged. The gay petals of a tulip often become
in part or entirely leaves. Why may not this happen to a grass ?
It seems that the organs of impregnation are starved and obli-
terated in such viviparous florets of this Aira, and not as some
have supposed concerning other alpine viviparous grasses, that
those parts are themselves transformed into a gemma, or leaf-bud ;
still less is the leafy appearance caused by the seeds vegetating
in their husks, as Lightfoot thought of Poa alpina, and perhaps
Festuca vivipara. \t is possible indeed that the stamens, and
even pistil, of all such grasses may be capable of change into
leaves, as well as the corolla, though I have not found it so in
this Aira.
2, AVENA alpina*,
panicula erecta subsimplici, calycibus subquinquefloris, recep-
taculis apice barbatis, foliis serrulatis nudis ; Vvaginis scabris.
Discovered in 1807, on rocks upon the summits of the highest
mountains of Clova, Angusshire. It is perennial, flowering in June.
This is a very fine species of Avena, and, as faras I can discover,
perfectly new. I was inclined to refer it to pubescens, with which
it most agrees in general aspect, but is larger in every part, and
*Avena planiculmis. Engl. Bot. t. 2141, and as I presume of Schrader’s FI. Germ.
v. 1. 381. ¢. 6. f. 2; but Mr. G. Don thinks otherwise, and denies the flatness of the
stem in his plant.
2x12 Mr.
336 Dr. Smirn’s Account of several Plants,
Mr. Don has indicated the following differences, which I find to
hold good. ‘The roots form a compact tuft, and are not at all
inclined to creep. The leaves are never clothed with soft hairs,
nor are their edges even, as in pubescens, but they are finely ser-
rated, so that the two species are distinguishable, even in the
dark, by the touch. In this last particular the leaves agree with
pratensis, but differ from that in their rough and greatly elongated
sheaths. The flowers differ from both those species, not only in
their much greater size, but in their partial stalk, or rachis, the
hairiness of which I observe to be crowded up into a very dense
tuft, towards the base of each floret, not dispersed over the whole
rachis.
This species bears the same relationship to Avena pubescens,
that my A. caryophyllea, Fl. Grac. t. 89, does to pratensis, being
larger, with a greater number of florets in each calyx. I wish
however that the caryophyllea might prove as permanently di-
stinct; upon which subject I shall take this opportunity of
making some observations. That was one of the few Greek
grasses, drawn by Mr. Ferdinand Bauer, of which I could find
no specimens in Dr. Sibthorp’s herbarium. I was therefore
obliged to take their specific characters from the drawings;
and I did so with confidence, having had such frequent expe-
rience of the fidelity of this excellent artist. The rachis of this
Avena being delineated quite smooth, and that part having been
resorted to by Linneus in this genus for his specific differences,
I seized upon it, in conjunction with the greater number of florets,
to establish a specific character. But I have lately discovered
specimens of this grass, along with most, if not all, of the others
of the Flora Greca that were in the same predicament, quite out
of their places, confounded amongst a heap of rubbish, which I
had supposed not to belong to the Greek herbarium at all. ‘Thus
then
—<
i
aT, ON ee ee ee
ry
recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. _— 337
then I am enabled to have recourse to Nature herself; and I
find the rachis is actually hairy, exactly in the peculiar manner
of that of A. pratensis, the greater number of florets, being about
double, constituting the only distinctive character of the caryo-
phyllea; for its leaves are rough-edged, and scarcely less involute
than those of pratensis.
Such an occasional inaccuracy, in a science where such mul-
tiplied observations are necessary, can by no means detract from
the reputation of Mr. Bauer, or any other artist. His original
discoveries, and frequent improvements upon other observers,
place him far out of the reach of any depreciation. The same
may justly be said of the indefatigable Dr. Sibthorp, under
whose inspection the drawing was made, Truth however renders
my notice of the mistake indispensable,
8. AruNDO neglecia*,
calycibus unifloris corollam ezquantibus, paniculd erecta diffusa,
floribus sparsis erectis aristatis, stipula brevissima.
A. neglecta. Ehrhart Calamaria n, 118.
Discovered in June 1807, in a marsh called the White Mire,
one mile from Forfar. Mr. Don never noticed it any where else,
nor have I ever before seen any other specimens than the Upsal
one in Ehrhart’s Calamarie; another sent by Dr. Swartz from
Sweden, named “ d. stricta of Timm,” but not to be found in the
Flora Megalopolitana ; and a third in the Linnean herbarium, laid
into Agrostis, without a name, but with a Swedish inscription,
signifying that “it was found by Solander on the Lapland alps,
in Westbothland and at Ljumkil, and is very different from
* Arundo stricta, Engl, Bot, t. 2160. Schrad. Germ, v, 1,215, t. 4. fi 5.
Agrostis
338 Dr-Smitn’s Account of several Plants,
Agrostis arundinacea in its flowers, not to mention the smallness
of its leaves.” ,
In fact, this plant is next akin to Agrostis arundinacea, and like
that is surely an Arundo, according to Linneus’s original deter-
mination in the Flora Lapponica. They both belong indeed to
the genus which some have separated from Arundo, by the bad
name of Calamagrostis, distinguished by having only 1 floret in
each calyx, as do likewise Arundo Calamagrostis and Agrostis
Calamagrostis of Linneus. It seems to me that they may all very
naturally be referred to Arundo.
Arundo neglecta is by far the smallest British species of its ge-
nus, being scarcely 2 feet high. It has something of the habit of
A. Calamagrostis, but differs from that, as well as from all the
species just mentioned, in having the glumes of the calyx simply
acute, without any elongated point. ‘lhe corolla moreover is as
long as the calyx; its glumes abrupt and jagged, the larger bear-
ing a short dorsal awn, scarcely projecting beyond the calyx, and
not, like that of Agrostis arundinacea, twice as long. ‘The root is
creeping. Stem simple, with 2 joints, smooth, as are also the
sheaths. ‘The leaves are narrow, acute, rough on the upper
surface and edge. Stipula very short, abrupt and entire. Panicle
of a purplish or bronze-coloured brown.
It must be confessed that the first grass, described in the pre-
sent paper, comes very near these just referred to Arundo, in the
generic character founded on the hairs at the base of the corolla.
But the hairs of Azra levigata form a tuft at the base of the
outer glume only, and, from the analogy of Aira cespitosa, should
seem rather to belong to thé rachis than to the glume itself, how-
ever closely approximated to the latter. ‘They do not, as in
Arundo, grow out of, and entirely encompass, both glumes of the
corolla.
4. Cum-
recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. 339
4. CH@ROPHYLLUM aureum*,
caule tumidiusculo anguloso subpiloso, foliolis pinnatifidis acutis
incisis, seminibus coloratis costatis.
Ch. aureum. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2.370; nec Mant. 356. Jacq.
Austr. v. 1. 40. t. 64.
Cerefolium n. 749. Hall. Hist. v. 1. 328.
Myrrhis perennis alba minor, foliis hirsutis, semine aureo.
Rupp. Jen. ed. Hall. 282. t. 5.
Found between Arbroath and Montrose, in the borders of
fields; also at Corstorphine near Edinburgh; flowering in June.
This species would scarcely be recognised by the specific name,
which alludes to a very slight yellowness, or rather tawniness, in
the ripe seeds. Linnzeus originally confounded it with Chero-
phyllum hirsutum, from which it differs, even generically accord-
ing to Haller, in not having furrowed but ribbed seeds. This
difference escapes my powers of observation. More certain ones
are to be found in the short soft deflexed pubescence, rarely en-
tirely wanting, on the stem of our plant, with a few coarse hairs
occasionally superadded, like those of hirsutum, but more de-
flexed: in the narrow, pinnatifid, sharp and elongated leaflets:
and in the less dilated edges of the common footstalks, whose
very base however, in the lower leaves, is remarkably annular and
abrupt. The flowers are cream-coloured, with a reddish tinge
occasionally. There are often one or two leaves of a general in-
volucrum: the partial one consists of several ovate, pointed,
fringed whitish leaflets. Seeds longish, with 3 elevated obtuse
palish ribs to each. Styles permanent, divaricated.
The description under this name in the Mantissa altera was
* Engl, Bol. t, 2103. 5
made
340 Dr. Smiru’s Account of several Planis,
made from an imperfect specimen of Cherophyllum temulentum,
accidentally mistaken for the awreum, from which it widely
differs.
5. Saxrrraca pedatifida,
foliis radicalibus reniformibus pedatifido-septemlobis ; caulinis
palmatis linearibusque, caule subnudo ramoso, petalis lineari-
obovatis.
S. pedatifida. Ehrhart Exsicc. n. 15.
S. quinquefida. Donn Cant. ed. 5. 107.
Found (by Mr. George Don) on the mountains of Clova, An-
gusshire. The same was sent to the Cambridge garden, some
years since, from the Highlands, by the late Mr. J. Mackay.
It comes nearest to S. geranioides, with which the Swiss botanists
seem to have confounded it, but differs in the pedate form of
the radical leaves, which are divided almost to the base, their
lobes narrower and blunter than in that species. The petals too
are much narrower, and the calyx-teeth less elongated after
flowering. The true S. petraa, Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 81, a plant known
to very few botanists, has leaves divided in a somewhat similar
manner, but the stem is much more leafy, and the petals emar-
ginate, as in Pona’s and Jacquin’s figures.
6. SaxiFrraca elongella,
foliis aristatis trifidis quinquefidisve: basi elongatis ; superioribus
linearibus indivisis, pedunculis longissimis nudis.
S. elongella. Donn Cant. ed. 5. 107; ex nomine.
Gathered on a rock by a river called Lintrathen, a mile and
half north of Airly castle, Angusshire. The late Mr. J. Mackay
sent it formerly to Cambridge; at Jeast if I am right in the sy-
nonym,
recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. S41
nonym, which cannot at this season be determined. Mr. George
Don has favoured me with wild as well as cultivated specimens.
The stems creep to some extent, throwing out numerous short
leafy branches. Some of the leaves are linear and undivided ;
others, from a long narrow base, divide suddenly into 3 equal
oblong lobes, the 2 outermost of which have sometimes a short
lateral lobe; all are more or less fringed with soft hairs, and
tipped with a small bristle. Neither the lobed nor the undivided
leaves seem exclusively appropriated to any. particular part of
the plant, but those on the upper part of the flowering branches
are always undivided. Such branches are erect, bearing seldom
more than one large white flower, on a remarkable naked stalk,
usually two inches long, erect and slightly glandular. In one lux-
uriant cultivated specimen there are five flowers on one branch.
The germen is inferior. Calyx-teeth ovate. Petals obovate, en-
tire, with three slender ribs separating a little above the base.
7. Saxrrraca platypetala,
foliis aristatis trifidis quinquefidisve, stolonibus procumbentibus,
caule subfolioso, petalis obovato-orbiculatis.
Found on the mountains of Clova in Angusshire. We have
the same gathered by Mr. D. Turner upon Snowdon. It has
the habit of S. hypnoides; but the leaves are almost universally
divided into three, sometimes five, lobes, a few on the upper part
of the flowering stem only being undivided. The petals moreover
are very different, being twice as broad, and almost orbicular,
with three ribs, of which the central one is often deeply divided,
while the others sometimes throw off numerous lateral branches
towards the edge of the petal.
VOL. X. Qy 8. LycHNISs
ie)
He
bee)
Dr. Smiru’s Account of several Plants,
8. Lycunts alpina,
glabra, petalis bifidis, floribus corym bosis, foliis lineari-lanceolatis.
L. alpina. Linn. Sp. Pl. 626. Fl. Dan. t. 65. Willd. Sp. Pl.
uv. 2. 809.
Silene lapponica alpina, facie viscarie. Linn. Fl. Lapp. n. 185.
On rocks near the summit of Clova in Angusshire, but very
rare; first observed by Mr. Deon in 1795.
This is a very pretty species, found in Switzerland, as well as
on the Lapland mountains, so that we cannot wonder at its being
a native of Scotland also, though never noticed before. It re-
sembles Lychnis Viscaria, but is smaller and not viscid.
Some strange confusion has crept into the descriptions of this
plant. Linneeus in his Flora Lapponica makes it a Silene, saying the
styles are three. In the Species Plantarum it is properly referred
to Lychnis, without mention of any anomaly in the number of the
styles, which therefore must be understood to be five; but in the
Systema Vegetabilium they are said to be four, and the petals are
there described as destitute of a crown. Now in the original
manuscript of Linnzus’s Lapland Tour, where he first describes
the plant in question, the styles are asserted to be five, and the
petals to have a crown, formed of two teeth upon each petal, their
border moreover being cloven half way down. Haller, in Act.
Helvet. v. 6.13. n. 46, says the petals are “ plaited at their origin,
with tumours but without auricles,” and that “the styles are five.”
These two last accounts, taken from nature, may safely be relied
on, and they agree with what I am able to discover in dried spe-
cimens, where I find the petals as distinctly crowned as in any
Lychnis or Silene whatever. Willdenow is reprehensible for
copying the erroneous specific character from the Systema Vege-
tabilium as if it were taken not from Linneus but from Oeder
in
recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. 348
in the Flora Danica, who says nothing at all like it. It is re-
markable however that Haller, in the first edition of his Flora;
describes only three styles. Could this be copied from Linneus,
whose original error seems to have arisen from the obscurity of
a figure in his own manuscript? It is, after all, possible that the
styles may vary in number from three to five.
9. Porentitta tridentata,
foliis ternatis cuneiformibus: supra glabris: subtus pilosis: apice
trifidis.
P. tridentata. Ait. H. Kew. v. 2. 216. t. 9. Willd. Sp. Pl.v. 2.1110.
Discovered last summer on a mountain called Werron, and on
some others to the westward, all in Angusshire. This, in Mr.
Don’s opinion, equals any of its genus, if it does not surpass
them all, in point of beauty. It is not honoured with much di-
stinction in our gardens, though sometimes seen there. The
flowers are white. The plant in Fl. Danica, t. 799, P. retusa Retz.
Prodr. 123, cited by Willdenow, has hairy leaves and yellow
flowers, and must certainly be a different species.
10. Ranuncuuus alpestris,
foliis glaberrimis: radicalibus subcordatis obtusis tripartitis
lobatis ; caulino lanceolato integerrimo, caule subunifloro.
R. alpestris. Linn. Sp. Pl. 778. Jacq. Austr. t. 110.
By the sides of little rills, and in other moist places, about two
or three rocks on the mountain of Clova, Angusshire, very rare,
and but seldom flowering. Mr. Don suggests that “its herbage,
bearing a great resemblance to several of its kindred, may easily
have been overlooked, but when in blossom it is truly a splendid
plant.” The petals are inversely heartshaped, ofa brilliant white.
2x2 Calyx
844 Dr. Smiru’s Account of several Plants,
Calyx smooth, bordered with white. The stem-leaf is often
ternate. The radical ones, as Linneus remarks, greatly resemble
those of R. aguatilis that float on the surface, and in watery
places may be mistaken for them.
11. Cocuteartia groenlandica,
foliis reniformibus carnosis integerrimis, siliculis globosis.
C. groenlandica. Linn. Sp. Pl. 904.
C. minima, erecta et repens, insulz Aalholmiane. JVillius in
Bariholin. Act. Hafnie, v. 5. 143. f. 144.
Found on the mountains of Clova, Angusshire, and Loch-ne-
gare, in August 1807. Mr. Don’s specimen agrees with the au-
thentic one in the Linnean herbarium, and with Bartholin’s two
figures, especially with that which is branched. The radical
leaves are extremely fleshy, convex beneath, about the size of a
split pea, entire, and grow on long stalks. One or two of the stem-
leaves are nearly sessile, more slang! and approach towards the
shape of C. anglica, having occasionally a tooth at each side of
their elongated base. The pouch is globose, with a short style,
as in C. officinalis, of which this may possibly be a variety, but it
is not the same with the groenlandica of Withering. It is remark-
able that the plant published by Bartholin is said to flower on
the sea-shore in April, and to disappear entirely by the month
of July; whereas Mr. Don gathered his in full bloom in August.
May the alpine situation of the latter cause such a difference ?
The flowers are large, tinged with purple.
12. Creris pulchra,
foliis pubescentibus dentatis; caulinis subsagittatis, caule as
culato corymboso, calycibus pyramidatis glabris.
C, pulchra. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1134.
Hieracium
recently discovered in Scotland by Mr. George Don. S45
Hieracium pulchrum. Bauh. Hist. v. 2. 1025.
H. montanum alterum leptomacrocaulon. Colwnn. Ecphr. 248,
t, 240.
Lapsana chondrilloides. Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 1. 812.
Found in 1796 amongst crumbling rocks on the hill of Turin,
to the east of Forfar.
The plant is not at present known in our gardens, though said
to have been cultivated at Chelsea in Rand’s time; see Hort.
Kew. Mr Don rightly determined it to be a Crepis, and the
Linnan specimen decides its species. 'The flowers are small and
inconspicuous, of a pale yellow. Each calyx-leaf acquires a
strong prominent smooth rib as the seed ripens.
This plant appears in two places in the Ist edition of Spec.
Plant. but in the 2d the Lapsana is made a variety 8, which is still
incorrect, for it is precisely one and the same in every respect.
My worthy friend Dr. Afzelius once told me an amusing
anecdote to account for the specific name of this Crepis. The
Queen of Sweden, Louisa Ulrica, celebrated as the great pa-
troness of Linnzus, used frequently, in her visits to the Upsal
garden, to jest with him for his valuing many mean or ill-looking
plants, in which she could see nothing to admire. Coming to
this little Crepis, which is far from ornamental, in one of her
walks with the Professor, the Queen exclaimed, “This I suppose
you call a pretty plant!” Linnzus replied, “The plant has as
yet not been called any thing; but Your Majesty has given it a
name which shall certainly be adopted.” He therefore called it
Crepis pulchra. The old synonym of Bauhin, Hieracium pulchrum,
may seem to invalidate this story, but will not be found to do so
in reality; as, though it might afford the precise name, the idea
might nevertheless be suggested to Linnaeus by the Queen.
13. Err-
$46 Dr. Smiru’s Account of several Plants, &c.
13. Er1tGEron uniflorum,
caulibus subunifloris, calyce villoso, radio erecto subtubuloso.
E. uniflorum, Linn, Sp. Pl. 1211. Fl. Lapp. ed. 2. 250. 6.9. f. 3.
Grows on Ben Lawers, and on rocks by the side of the river
Almond, near Lindoch, seven miles from Perth. Mr. Don remarks
that the chief distinction between this and the alpinwm, Engl.
Bot. t. 464, is, that in wniflorum the florets of the radius are more
slender, and seem to be tubular, always upright, and never be-
coming patent as in alpinum. They are also of a deeper colour,
and the disk is constantly of a dark purple approaching to black,
instead of a light yellow. To this we may add, that the calyx
is always much more villose, forming, as Linnaeus says, a hispid
globe before it opens. The radius seems to be often white, and
hence he compares it to a daisy. Its erect position remains
when dry, and a liberty appears to have been taken by the
draughtsman of the Flora Lapponica, who certainly saw only a
dried specimen, of making it spread almost horizontally.
There can in future be no difficulty in distinguishing these two
species. Each of them is liable to bear several flowers on a stem
when cultivated. Both grow in Switzerland as well as in Scot-
land; but we have seen only the uniflorum from Lapland, though
it appears by Fl. Danica, t. 292, that the alpinum is found on the
mountains of Norway and Iceland: and indeed Linnzus in his
Lapland Tour describes his plant with a yellow disk, and sketches
the radius in a rather spreading posture ; so that, though he pre-
served the uniflorwm only, he might possibly gather both, and at
that time confound them.
Norwich, Noy. 6—30, 1809.
XV. Descriptions
( 347 )
XV. Descriptions of Seven new Species of Apion. By the Reo.
William Kirby, F.L.S.
Read December 5, 1809.
I bee leave to offer to the Linnean Society a description of some
species of Apion which I have met with since my paper* upon
that genus was printed, together with a few additional remarks
upon some of those already described.
62. APION GENIST®.
A. nigrum albido-villosum, elytris villoso-cinereis: vittd rectd
-albida, pedibus rufis: plantis atris.
Long. Corp. 14 lin.
Habitat in Angliz Genistd tinctorid. Dom. Seales. Mus. Dom.
Marsham, Milne, Scales, Spence, Geo. Sowerby, nostr.
DESCR. CORPUS nigrum, pilis decumbentibus albidis incanum.
» Capur rarids pilosum. Rostrum mediocre, filiforme, de-
orsum spectans, subarcuatum, nitidum, pone antennas
incrassatum. Antenne apud basin rostro subtus insertee,
mediocres nigre: articulo primo rufo. Oculi magni,
prominuli.
Truncus subglobosus, anticé angustior, excavato-punc-
* Trans. Linn, Soc. yol. ix. p. 1.
tatus :
S48 Mr. Kirsy’s Descriptions of
tatus: punctis distinctis, ante scutellum lineola ex-
aratus. .Pedes rufi: coxis femorum trochanteribus tar-
sisque nigris. Coleoptra oblonga, striata, ex flavescente
cinerea, qui color ex pilis decumbentibus exoritur: vittd
intermedia recta laté villoso-albida, qua tamen ad
apicem haud attingit, in utroque elytro notanda ; margo
itidem lateralis paululiim albescit.
Obs.—Puneta et lineola thoracica nisi pilis abrasis via facile conspi=
cienda.
This species very much resembles A. melanopum (Linn. Trans.
ix. 19. 2), which it shoulda follow; but the rostrum is thicker, the
first joint only of the antennz is rufous, the trunk is proportionally
wider, the thighs are entirely rufous, the very extremity of the
base only excepted, the hip-joints are black, and the elytra, instead
of a narrow oblique streak, have a broad straight stripe of white,
which runs nearly to the end.
63. APION LEHVICOLLE.
A. atrum glabrum, fronte sulcataé, femoribus testaceis, trunco
lzeviusculo, coleoptris globoso-ovatis gibbis.
Long. Corp. 12 lin.
Habitat in Anglia. In Cantio a nobis bis lectum estate hujus
(1809) anni. Mus. nostr. *
DESCR. CORPUS atrun, nitidum, glabrum.
Capur vix punctatum, inter oculos sulcatum: sulculis
circiter tribus. Rostrum feré mediocre, crassiusculum,
in medio paululim incrassatum, obsoletits ruguloso-
punctatum. Antenne mediocres, paulo pone medium
rostro insidentes.
Truncus
:
Seven new Species of Apion. 349
Troncus cylindricus, capite vix latior, levissime punc-
tulatus, ante scutellum fossulA satis impress notatus.
Femora omnia cum trochanteribus, item Cove anteriores
duz, flavo-testacea. Tibie antic rufx basi dilutiores,
posteriores quatuor nigro-picez basi annulo flavo-testa-
ceo. Tarsi nigri. Coleoptra subglobosa sive ex glo-
boso ovata, gibba, striata: striis subpunctatis.
This species should be placed after A. flavifemoratum (Linn.
Trans. ix. 42. 23.) to which it is very nearly related: it is however
quite distinct, and may always be known by the very slight puncta-
tion of its trunk,and the deep fossula just above the scutellum. The
rostrum also is thicker than even that of the male of the species
just referred to, and the little furrows too between the eyes afford
a good character. I think it was taken, but am not quite certain,
in the parish of Wittersham in the Isle of Owney in Kent, a spot
which abounds with insects, particularly Hymenoptera.
64. APION VELOX.
A. atrum, rostro breviori crassiusculo, coleoptris obovatis sulcatis :
sulcorum interstitiis angustissimis.
Long. Corp. $—1 lin.
Habitat in Anglia. In Salice capred a Dom. Sheppard szpiis
lectum currens velociter. Mus. Dom. Sheppard, Geo. Sowerby, :
Wilkin, nostr.
DESCR. CORPUS atrum, -pilositate parva albicanti paululdm
obscuratum.
Carur inter oculos confluenter rugulosum. Rostrum bre-
vius, crassum, leve. Antenne sublongiores, pone me-
VOL. X. 22 dium
350 Mr. Kinsy’s Descriptions of
dium rostro insidentes: clavA albido-villos&. Oculi ad-
modum magni, subprominuli.
Trunevs teretiusculus, medio pauld latior, confluenter
punctatus, lineola obsoletiori ante scutellum impressus.
Coleoptra ex globoso obovata, sulcata: sulcis interstitiis
ipsis latioribus, concinné et impressé punctatis.
This species may be placed after A. ebeninum (Linn. Trans. ix.
55. 34.) to which it is allied. It differs from it not only in size,
being very much smaller, but the rostrum also is shorter and
thicker, the trunk is of a different shape, rough with confluent
points, and exhibiting a very faint trace of an impressed line or
point at the scutellum. From A. brevirostre, (Linn. Trans. ix. 68.
51.) which it also somewhat resembles, it is sufficiently and indeed
strikingly distinguished by the unusual width of the furrows of
the elytra, and their very narrow ridge-like interstices. Mr.
Sheppard informs me that it runs uncommonly fast for an insect
of this genus. Mr. George Sowerby has also taken it, who gave
me my specimens.
65. APION PUBESCENS.
A. atrum piloso-incanum, thorace brevi posticé lineol4 impresso,
rostro mediocri.
Long. Corp. 1 lin. circiter.
Habitat in Anglia. Ex Mus. Dom. Hall.
DESCR. CORPUS nigrum, nitidiusculum, totum pilis albican-
tibus incanum.
Capur thorace pauld brevius, inter oculos leviusculum.
Rostrum filiforme, mediocre, satis arcuatum. Antenne
postice, mediocres. Oculi magni, prominuli.
Truncus
Seven new Species of Apion. $51
Truncus brevis, teretiusculus, posticé latior, punctulatus,
ante scutellum lineol4 exaratus. Coleoptra ovata, striata:
striis subpunctatis ; interstitiis planiusculis.
Obs. Maris rostrum brevius, crassius, leviter arcuatum.
This species should follow A. atomarium, (Linn. Trans. ix. 59.
40.) which it very much resembles: the head however is longer,
the rostrum in both sexes shorter, the trunk is more conspicuously
punctulate with a very visible dorsal channel, the interstices also
of the furrows of the elytra are wider and flatter, and the furrows
themselves less conspicuously punctate.
66. APION SIMILE.
A. atrum, coleoptris obovatis zneo-nigris subsericeo-nitidis,
rostro femineo longiori.
Long. Corp. 1—13 lin.
Habitat in Anglid. Apud Hunstanton in Norfolcid in maritimis a
nobis semel lectum. Mus. Dom. Marsham, W. J. Hooker, nostr.
DESCR. CORPUS atrum ex pube quadam parvé obscurum.
Carut. Rostrum longius, filiforme, leviter arcuatum, apice
nitidum, in medio subincrassatum. Antenne mediocres,
pone medium rostro insidentes, Oculi magni, sub-
immersi.
Truncvus subcylindricus, confluenter punctatus, lineolé
ante scutellum exaratus. Coleoptra obovata, nigra, zneo,
sed levissimé, tincta, subsericeo-nitida, striata: striis
subpunctatis ; interstitiis planiusculis.
Obs. Maris rostrum brevius et quam femine crassius, Elytrorum .
nitor sericeus ex rugulositate quédam, sed levissimd, exoritur.
222 A. simile
352 Mr. Kirby’s Descriptions of
A. simile is nearly related to and should follow the preceding
species, but it is less hairy; the rostrum is longer, its coleoptra
are more obovate, have an neous tint,and reflect, although faintly,
a sericeous lustre. It is also not unlike A. seniculus, (Linn. Trans.
ix. 61. 43.) but it is less hairy, and proportionally wider.
67. APION ANGUSTATUM.
A. atrum subangustum piloso-subincanum, coleoptris oblongis
sulcatis, scutello canaliculato.
Apion angustatum. Mus. Dom. Gyllenhal.
Apion Meliloti var. 8. Kirby in Linn. Trans. ix. 64. 46.
Long. Corp. 13 lin.
Habitat in Suecid. Mus. Dom. Gyllenhal. nostr.
DESCR. CORPUS atrum, angustum satis, ex pilositate obscu-
rum et leviter incanum.
Capvur longum admodum, punctatum, inter oculos rugu-
losum. Rostrum longius, subfiliforme, arcuatum, levis- —
simé punctulatum, ante antennas nitidum. Antenne me-
diocres, pone medium rostro insidentes. Oculi prominuli.
Truncus ex globoso teretiusculus, confluenter puncta-
tus, ante scutellum lineold satis impressa exaratus. Scu-
- tellum, quod singulare, canaliculatum. Coleoptra ob-
longa, sulcata: sulcis interstitiorum feré latitudine, im-
pressé punctatis.
In my description of A. Meiiloti, I intimated a suspicion that
var. ® might prove a distinct species; but as I had then seen
only two specimens of the former insect, I did not venture to
separate them. Having since taken several, none of which varied
; from
Seven new Species of Apion. 3353
from « in the slightest degree, I was induced to compare @ with
it again. ‘The result of this comparison,was the conviction that
they ought to be given as distinct species ; for, exclusive of the
difference of size which is considerable for such minute insects,
the body of A.angustatum is more hairy and obscure ; the head be-
tween the eyes has no concavity, and is differently sculptured ; the
trunk and coleoptra, which last are proportionally shorter, are of
a shape rather different, the former inclining a little more toa
globose form, and the latter being more oblong; the minute scu-
tellum is distinguished by a longitudinal channel, and the fur-
rows of the elytra are wider in proportion,
68. APION SCUTELLARE.
A. atrum subangustum piloso-subincanum, coleoptris obovatis
sulcatis, scutello elongato.
Long. Corp. 14 lin.
Habitat in Anglia semel lectum. Mus. nostr.
DESCR. CORPUS admodim angustum, atrum, ex pilositate
parva subincanum et obscurum.
Capur thorace paulo brevius, inter oculos striatulum.
Rostrum longius, filiforme, arcuatum, ante antennas sub-
attenuatum apice ipso iterum paululum dilatato. An-
tenne breviores, pone medium rostro insidentes, nitidi-
uscule. Oculi immersi.
Trowncus teretiusculus, antict paulo angustior, conflu-
enter punctatus, ante scutellum fossuld exaratus. Scu-
tellum quam obtinet plerumque in hoc genere longius.
Coleoptra ex oblongo obovata, sulcata: sulcis intersti-
tiorum feré latitudine, punctatis.
I had
354 Mr. Kinsy’s Descriptions of
I had put by this insect also, as a variety of A. Meliloti, but
upon further inspection, I am convinced it is distinct: it is inter-
mediate between it and 4. angustatum, which should stand first
in the series. From A. Meliloti, which it most resembles, it may
be distinguished by having a rather longer rostrum, a more hairy
body, eyes less prominent, elytra black with wider furrows, a
longer scutellum, and no concavity between the eyes. From
A. angustatum, with which it agrees in its plane front, hairy body,
and sulcate elytra, it differs in those other characters which di-
stinguish A, Meliloti from that species.
ADDITIONAL OBSERVATIONS.
My learned and very ingenious friend, and coadjutor in an in-
tended Introduction to Entomology, William Spence, Esq. F.L.S.
whose eye nothing escapes, in a letter lately received, directed
my attention to the trochanters (for by this name, in the work
above alluded to, we have agreed to distinguish what | formerly
called the second or femoral joint of the apophysis) in Apion as
differently circumstanced from those of other Coleopterous genera;
and upon examination I find that they are so fixed to the base -
of the thighs as to intercept them from coming at all in contact
with the coxe (or my first joint of the apophysis); which circum-
stance, although it invariably takes place in Hymenopterous in-
sects, is observable in no Coleoptera that I have had an oppor-
tunity to examine, not even in the cognate tribes of Curculionidae,
or insects that have their antenne seated onarostrum. The
general law in this order is for the exterior and longer angle of
the base of the thigh at least, to touch the cova, if it does not in-
osculate
i i
Seven new Species of Apion. 355
osculate with it; and, to permit this, the trochanter is set on very
obliquely, and so that this angle goes beyond it: whereas in
Apion the apex of the trochanter forms nearly a transverse or very
slightly oblique line with the base of the thigh, and intercepts
it inits whole width. This peculiarity strongly substantiates its
claim to be considered as a distinct genus.
When I constructed the Character Naturalis of Apion, I was
not aware that the term Epigastrium had been employed by
Linné upon one occasion, and probably in the very sense in
which I used it. See Syst. Nat. ed. 12. 647. 4. under Cantharis
rufa.
I shall now add a few remarks upon some of the species for-
merly described.
Apion Malve (Linn. Trans. ix. 20, 3.) Obs. 1. Core omnes nigra,
sed trochanteres testacei sunt, quod etiam obtinet in A. ver~
nali (21. 4.)
Obs. 2. Maris rostrum pauld brevius et crassius est, et fere
totum albido pilosum.
Apion Cracce (29. 12.) Var. 8 Antennis totis nigris. Dom. Spence.
Apion Vicie (31. 14.) Cove nigre. Femora antica trochanteribus
rufis. Dom. Spence.
Apion Malvarum (33. 16.) Core nigre. Femora omnia trochan-
teribus rufis, sed posticis obscure.
Apion rufirostre (35. 17.) Core omnes cum femorum: trochan-
teribus flavee. Dom. Spence.
Mr. Leach informs me that he has occasionally taken this
species in coitu with A. Malvarum.
Apion nigritarse (36. 18.) Femina. Core 4 anteriores cum trochan-
teribus omnibus flave. Mas. Core 2 anteriores cum tro-
chanteribus omnibus rufe.
; Apion
356 Mr. Kirsy’s Descriptions of
Apion flavipes (37. 19.) Core 2 anteriores nunc nigre nunc
flav, reliquis nigris, femorum trochanteribus flavis. Dom.
Spence.
Apion pallipes (38. 20.) Cove omnes, item trochanteres, flavee.
Apion assimile et flavifemoratum (42. 22, 23.) Cove due anteriores,
cum trochanteribus omnibus, rufee. Dom. Spence.
Apion Sorbi (46. 25.) In quibusdam speciminibus Capué inter
oculos bistriatum. Dom. Spence.
Apion punctifrons (50. 28.) Femina rostro longiori tenuiori.
I took several specimens of this Apion in the sandpits under
Chariton-Wood near Woolwich in the autumn of the present year,
1809.
Apion marchicum (54. 83.) Var. ® Elytris viridescente-ceruleis :
stria suturali in medio vix reliquis profundiori.
Obs. Mas rostro breviori sed vix crassiori.
Apion Astragali (55. 35.) Var. 8 taken by Mr. Atkinson of Leeds
in Yorkshire, in June and July 1809, on the only plant of
Astragalus glyciphyllus he ever met with in that county.
Apion Spencii (57. 37.) Ex pluribus speciminibus inter se collatis
Nomen Specificum sic emendandum.
A, atrum piloso-obscurum, fronte striat4, thorace canaliculato
utrinque foveato, coleoptris atro-czruleis viridescentibusve. K.
Obs. Femina rostro longiori tenuiori. Dom. Spence.
Apion unicolor (58. 39.) Nomen specificum sic emendandum, cum
specimina plura puncta gemina elevata rostri exhibeant,
A. atrum subpilosum, coleoptris oblongis, rostro puncto gemino
elevato. K.
. Obs. Femina rostro longiori tenuiori, Dom. Spence.
Apion Seniculus (61. 43.) Oculi majores quam in A, tenui.
_\ Apion Meliloti (64. 46.) Caput inter oculos potius striatum. Mas
rostro pauld breviori sed vix quam femine crassiori. I took
several
Seven new Species of Apion. S5T
several this autumn (1809) in the sand-pits under Charlton-
Wood, near Woolwich.
Apion violaceum (65. 47.) Var. 8. Elytris viridescentibus. Var. y.
Fronte vix canaliculata, capite thoraceque, sed levissimé,
zneo tinctis, elytris viridescente-ceruleo nitidulis. An idem ?
Ex Mus. Dom. Hall.
Apion Onopordi (71. 54.) Habitat etiam in Rumice et Carduis. Dom.
Spence.. A me nunquam nisi in Onopordo lectum. K.
Apion Radiolus et oxurum (73. 56, 57.) From a further examination
_of Mr. Marsham’s specimen of 4. Radiolus | am convinced
that A. ovurum is merely a variety of it, differing in nothing
but the black colour of its elytra, and the hairs which are
scattered over it. In old specimens the hairs are often
rubbed off. I therefore would expunge J. oxzurum.
VOL. Xx. SA XVI. Account
( 358 )
XVI. Account of Ormosia, a new Genus of Decandrous Plants
belonging to the Natural Order of Leguminose. By Mr. George
Jackson, F.L.S.
Read February 6, 1810.
Amoncsv a fine collection of Guiana plants in the herbarium
of A. B. Lambert, Esq. there are several specimens of a plant
with velvety branches, rigid pinnate leaves, and papilionaceous
flowers; the calyx bilabiate with the limb reflected, its upper
lip supporting the vexillum, being two-lobed, and the lower lip
three-parted : the stamens ten, separate, dilated towards the base,
and alternately longer: the style incurved and ciliate, bearing
two truncated unequal stigmas, the uppermost of which is largest,
and incurved towards the other. The germen is ovate and pu-
bescent, containing five seeds; the fruit a short oblique woody
pod, opening with two valves, and containing in general only one
perfect seed, but is also occasionally found with two: these are
large, nearly oval, of a fine scarlet colour with a large black spot
on one side. From these singular characters, noticed some time
ago by Mr. Lambert, I was induced to examine some surround-
ing genera of the order, to endeavour to discover its congeners,
affinities, and proper place in the series; and a plant with similar
scarlet and black seeds being enumerated in the Flora Guazanen-
sis of Aublet, as a species of Robinia, but without any further
description, a reference to the Pseudo-acacia ingens, fructu coccineo,
nigra
f
:
'
Mr. Jacxson’s Account of Ormosia. 359
nigra macula notato, of Plumier’s Catalogue, and unpublished MSS.
tom. 7, tab. 145 excepted ; my first care was to endeavour to find
out whether it might not be the same. That it was not the plant
of Plumier I was well aware, a copy of his drawing of that, with
many others of his unpublished drawings, being in the Sherardian
collection at Oxford, and from which I had taken copies my-
self for Mr. Lambert. I was, however, still uncertain about the
plant of Aublet, very erroneous and even heterogeneous syno-
nymy being often adapted by the botanists of that age with very
little scruple. Fortunately, however, his herbarium was at hand,
being now in the possession of the Right Honourable Sir Joseph
Banks; and on being favoured by Mr. Dryander with a sight
of Aublet’s original specimen, I found that Mr. Lambert’s plant
was the identical Robinia coccinea. Characters exactly similar I
have since discovered in another nondescript plant from Guiana,
communicated to Mr. Lambert by Mr. Anderson of St. Vincents ;
and also in the Sophora monosperma of Professor Swartz’s Prodro-
mus and Flora Indie Occidentalis, of which the Pseudo-acacia
ingens fructu coccineo, §c. of Plumier’s drawings, above mentioned,
is a very good representation ; a plant essentially differing both
from the original Sophora of Linnzus and the Virgilia and Po-
dalyria of Lamarck, to the latter of which it has lately been re-
ferred by Mons. Poiret, as well as the Edwardsia of Mr. Salis-
bury, a very curious species of which, from South America,
communicated by the late Professor Cavanilles, is also in Mr.
Lambert’s collection. From these three species, therefore, agree-
ing in habits and characters, and natives of nearly the same lati-
tude, I have constituted a new genus, the characters of which,
accompanied with sketches from the dried plants, I have now the
honour to lay before the Society. The name Ormosia, by which I
have distinguished it, is formed from the Greek Oguos, monile, a
S48 necklace ;
$60 Mr. Jacxson’s Account of Ormosia.
lace; their beautiful seeds, and particularly those of O. dasycarpa,
commonly called in the West Indies the bead-tree, being worn as
necklaces by the ladies.
The natural place of the genus appears to be in the vicinity
of Virgilia and Podalyria ; but the affinities are far from strong,
and leave abundant room for intermediates on all sides; and
from the unexplored tropical parts of America, many conter-
minal plants of the order are probably yet to be expected.
ORMOSIA.
Decandria Monogynia, Linn.
Leguminosae, Juss.
Character Genericus. Calyx bilabiatus, labio superiore bilobo,
inferiore tripartito. Corolla papilionacea. Vexillum subro-
tundum, emarginatum, alis vix longius. Carina longitudine
alarum, dipetala. Filamenta libera, basin versus dilatata. Sty-
lus incurvus. Stigmata duo, unum supra alterum. Germen
subovatum, 5-6-spermum. Legumen lignosum, compressum,
bivalve, 1—3-spermum.
Habitus. Arbores. Rami ferrugineo-villosi. Folia stipulata,
impari-pinnata. Stipulz a petiolis distincte. Foliola ner-
vosa, integerrima, 4—6-juga. Flores terminales, paniculati,
cerulei vel purpurascentes. Legumina lata, lignosa. Semina
pauca, colorata, magna.
1. OrnMosIA coccinea.
Tas. XXV.
O. foliis impari-pinnatis, foliolis crassis subovatis, marginibus re-
volutis, utrinque nudis, 4—6-jugis ; leguminibus glabris, nitidis.
Robinia
il e ; ‘
es “ Rips) OS {7
PIACEP ITD II 2.
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ay fl
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Mr. Jacxson’s Account of Ormosia. 861
Robinia coccinea. Aub. Flor. Guian. 2. p. 773, sine synonymo
Plumieri.
Habitat in Guiana.
Arbor. Rami flexuosi & casu foliorum cicatricibus notati.
Stipule anguste, sericez, a4 petiolis distincte. Folia magna
sept pedalia. Foliola rigida, nervosa et venulosa; supra niti-
dissima, subtis subfusca. Nervi subtds exstantes, supra de-
pressi. Venule numerose, inter nervos oblique, iisque pari ra-
tione subtis elate, flexuose. Petioli universales villosi, supra
leviter sulcati ; partiales crassi, interdum feré glabri. Paniculze
bracteate, pedales vel etiam ultra. Bracteze subulatz. Pedunculi,
pedicelli et calyces villosi, Calyx basi turbinatus, limbo reflexus.
Labium superius inferiore longius, bilobum. Petala omnia un-
guiculata. Vexillum utrinque emarginatum. Ale obovato-fal-
cate. Carina dipetala, petalis subfalcatis. Filamenta calyci in-
serta, quinque breviora. Anthere subovatz, utrinque emarginate,
biloculares. Stylus incurvus, ciliatus. Stigmata truncata, in-
zqualia; superius majus, versus inferius incurvum. Germen
striatum, villosum, 5-spermum. Legumen breve, durissimum et
nitidissimum, brevissimé rostratum, basin versus obliqué attenu-
atum, 1- vel rarids 2- spermum. Semina subovata, nitida, coccinea
cum macula nigra. Integumentum seminis duplex, exterius cori-
aceum, interius membranaceum, albidum. Albumen nullum.
Embryo semini conformis. Cotyledones plano-convexe. Radi-
cula centrifuga, exserta, subhemispherica. Plumula nulla.
Expricatio TaBuLz.
Fig. 1. Ramuli floriferi pars.
2. Flos sejunctus.
3. Vexillum.
362 Mr. Jacxson’s Account of Ormosia.
8. Vexillum.
4. Ale.
5. Carina.
6. Calyx, Stamina et Pistillum.
7. Calyx vi expansus cum Staminibus.
8. Pistillum. 8. b. Germinis sectio.
9. Fructus monospermus.
10. Idem intus visus, valva superiori amota.
11. Fructus dispermus vi expansus.
12. Embryo.
2. Ormosra dasycarpa.
Tas. XXVI.
O. foliis impari-pinnatis, foliolis 4-5-jugis, utrinque nudis, le-
guminibus ferrugineo-tomentosis.
Pseudo-acacia ingens, fructu coccineo, nigra macula notato.
Plum. Cat. p. 19, et MSS. cum Icone.
Glycine arboreum, foliis oblongis, seminibus majoribus. Browne
Jam. p. 298.
Sophora monosperma. Swartz Prod. et Flor. Ind. Occ. 2. p. 722.
Willd. Sp. Pl. 2. p. 501.
Podalyria monosperma. Poiret in Encyc. Method. 5. p. 440.
Habitat in India Occidentali.
ExpericatTio TaBuLe.
Fig. 1. Rami fructiferi pars.
2. Calyx cum Pistillo.
3. Idem, pistillo exempto.
4. Germinis sectio.
5. Legumen
lEAAAA
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=
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=
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SF
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aS
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i—
——
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Mr, Jackson’s Account of Ormosia. 363
5. Legumen trispermum vi expansum.
6. Semen.
7 Embryo.
8. Ormosta coarctata
Tas. XXVII.
O. foliis impari-pinnatis, foliolis inzequalibus 4-5-jugis, supra
nudis, subtus ferrugineo-hirsutis.
Habitat in Guiand. Anderson,
Arbor. Rami é vestigiis petiolorum cicatricosi, subteretes.
Stipule a petiolis distincte, subulate, sericez. Folia O. dasy-
carpe minora. Foliola ovato-lanceol.ita, nervosa, supra fusco-
viridia, subtus ferrugineo-hirsuta, duo infima multo minora, ma-
gisque ovata. Nervi supra depressi, subtus elati ac venulis pari
ratione extantibus intertexti. Petioli tomentosi, teretes, partiales
brevissimi. Paniculz coarctate, breves. Bractex pubescentes,
ad divisuras panicule lato-subulate, ad pedicellos triangulo-
ovate, concave. Pedicelli bracteis breviores, teretes, villosi.
Calyx extis villosus, intds coloratus, glaber, labium superius in-
feriore longius. Filamenta alterné breviora. Anthere utrinque
emarginatz, biloculares. Germen hirsutum, 5-spermum. - Fruc-
tum maturum non vidi.
Semina facie O. dasycarpe sed minora. D. Thompson.
Expiicatio TABULz,
Fig. 1. Ramuli floriferi pars.
2. Flos sejunctus.
3. Vexillum.
4, Ale.
864 Mr. Jacxson’s Account of Ormosia.
4. Ale.
5. Carina.
6. Pars inferior Calycis cum Staminibus et Pistillo.
7. Calyx vi expansus cum Staminibus.
8. Pistillum. /
9. Germen longitudinaliter sectum.
XVII. An
A) :
A Vymona’ coartala.
EM
( 3635 )
XVII. An Account of anew Genus of New Holland Plants named
Brunonia. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S.
Read February 6, 1810.
For the knowledge of the genus of plants of which I now propose
to offer an account to the Linnean Society, I am obliged to Mr.
Robert Brown, Librarian to the Society, who discovered it in the
course of his botanical researches in New Holland. A very inter-
esting part of his rich harvest in that country occupies a large por-
tion of the present volume of our Transactions. With such a proof
of his genius and abilities before us, any testimony of mine to the
same purpose would be altogether superfluous; but Lam anxious
to seize an opportunity, which, at my earnest solicitation, Mn
Brown has afforded me, of gratifying my own personal friend-
ship, while I do public justice to his merits, in dedicating this
new and very distinct genus to his honour. In order to accom-
plish this, as there is already a Brownea, in memory of the natu-
ral historian of Jamaica, I am obliged to adopt a contrivance,
unexceptionable in itself, and authorized by precedent, of pre-
serving as much resemblance to his name as possible, while I
avoid all ambiguity with the Brownea previously established, in
calling my genus Brunonia. Of this, consisting of two species, I
shall now proceed to offer a systematic description, subjoining
some remarks on its botanical affinity, which is enveloped in no
small degree of obscurity,
VOL. X. SB BRU NO-
366 Dr. Smitu’s Account of Brunonia.
BRUNONIA.
Crass. ET Orv. Pentandria Monogynia.
Sect. 1. Flores monopetali, inferi, monospermi.
Nat.Orp. Aggregate Linn. Dipsacee Juss. ?
Essent. Cuar. Corolla infundibuliformis, quinquefida, irregu-
laris. Antheré connate. Stigma indusio bivalvi. Semen
unicum, calyce interiori, demum plumoso, tectum.
Nat. Cuar. Calyx.—Perianthium commune multiflorum, poly-
phyllum : foliolis flore brevioribus, subeequalibus, paten-
tibus, persistentibus; interioribus minoribus, solitariis, sub
singulo flore.
Perianthium proprium duplex, utrumque inferum:
exterius tetraphyllum, brevius, foliolis membranaceis, subzqua-
libus, erectis, concavis, obtusis :
interius turbinatum, parim longius, quinquedentatum, per-
sistens, dentibus plumosis.
Corowa universalis equalis.
Propria monopetala, infundibuliformis, calyce longior ;
limbo quinquepartito, patente, laciniis subeequalibus, dua-
bus superioribus profundids divisis ; tubo quinquepartibili.
Sramina. Filamenta quinque, receptaculo inserta, capillaria,
debilia. Anthere lineares, in cylindrum connate, longitu-
dine tubi..
Pistrttum. Germen superum, subrotundum. Stylus clavatus,
staminibus duplo feré longior. Stigma incrassatum, torulo-
sum, obtusum, valvulis duabus equalibus, verticalibus, or-
biculatis, concavis, membranaceis, conniventibus, inclusum.
Pericareium nullum, nisi perianthium interius, cum corolle
basi membranaceda, persistens, auctum atque induratum,
dentibus
Dr. Smitu’s Account of Brunonia. 867
dentibus quinque plumosis, elongatis, patentibus, pappum
mentientibus, coronatum.
SemeEN solitarium, tectum, ovatum, exalbuminosum, Embryo,
ex inventoris auctoritate, erectus.
1. Brunonta australis.
TAR: NON EEE,
B. foliis pilosis: pilis patentibus, laciniis calycinis undique plu-
mosis.
Jn campis arenosis maritimis Australasia.
Abundant in Van Diemen’s Land, and observed also on the op-
posite shore of New Holland at Port Phillip, flowering in
January 1804. Mr. Brown.
Herba acaulis, undique pilosa, annua?
Radix simplex, fusiformis, gracilis.
Folia radicalia, numerosa, bi- vel tri-uncialia, erectiuscula, spa-
tulata, obtusiuscula, integerrima, uninervia, pardm venosa, pal-
lidé viridia; basi attenuata; undique pilosa; pilis patentibus,
rigidulis, apice confertis, mucronulum simulantibus.
Scapus solitarius, pedalis vel altior, simplicissimus, nudus, teres,
pilis superné minus patentibus ; intds spongiosus.
Capitulum terminale, solitarium, magnitudine Scabiose suc-
cise, undique sericeo-pilosum. .
Flores cerulei, feré Jasionis montane.
&. Brunonta sericea.
Tas. XXIX.
B. foliis sericeis: pilis adpressis, laciniis calycinis apice denu-
datis coloratis.
3B2 In
868 Dr. Smitn’s Account of Brunonia.
In arenosis maritimis Nove Hollandiz.
At Pine Port, just within the tropic, on the east coast of New
Holland, flowering in August 1802, Mr. Brown.
Forma omnind precedentis, at folia numerosiora, angustiora,
undique sericea, pilis arett adpressis. Capitudwn priori simil-
limum, sed apices calycis interioris denudati, subexserti, colorati,
obtusiusculli.
The genus under-consideration is, as Mr. Brown remarks, ex-
ceedingly interesting, on account of its apparent relationship to.
several very different natural orders, and the great difficulty of
referring it to any one in particular. Its discoverer is inclined to
place it between the Campanulacee and Corymbifere of Jussicu,
though it overturns the artificial characters of both orders, having
a superior germen. But it accords with the latter in the very
important circumstance of the upright embryo, and precisely in
the number, form, texture, and connexion of its stamina and an-
there, which are altogether those of a true syngenesious flower.
Its stigma on the other hand bearsan exact resemblance to some
of the Campanulacee, as Goodenia, Scavola, Velleia, &c, and is
unlike every thing else in nature. For this reason, and for the
sake of its germen superum, which is the case with some of these,
as Velleia, Mr. Brown was disposed to place it at the end of this
order, bordering upon Syngenesia.
On considering the above remarks, assisted by dried specimens,
Ihave presumed to suggest that Brunonia may perhaps belong
to Dipsacee, and Mr. Brown in reply informs me that this idea
had not entirely escaped him, I was, led to it by the general
aspect of the plants, and by a suspicion of Jussieu *, that the
* See Adanson and Gertner on this subject.
exterior
Dr. Smitu’s Account of Brunonia, 569
exterior perianthium in Dipsacee may perhaps most properly be
deemed inferior, only embracing the seed closely, being enlarged
and hardened in the fruit; witness Scabiosa. Now this is pre-
cisely the case with what I have above described as the inner pe-
rianthium of Brunonia, the outer one, of four leaves, not being
analogous to any thing in Scabiosa, except the solitary scales or
leaves in many species accompanying each flower. Can it be
possible, therefore, that what I have taken for the inner is really
the only perianthium in Brunonia, and exactly analogous to the
outer one in Scabiosa ? They both alike, in an indurated state,
envelop and crown the ripe seed.
If habit were to be much insisted on, nothing can be stronger
in my favour; for, besides the inflorescence, when I lay the dried
specimens of the two Brunonie by the side of Seabiosa cretica and
graminifolia, nothing can be more striking than the exact agree-
ment of the foliage of B. australis with the fermer, both in shape
and colour; while the same circumstances, including the silky
pubescence, no less agree in B. sericea and S. graminifolia. I am,
however, aware how treacherous these analogies are in the pro-
ductions, whether vegetable or animal, of New Holland, but
their technical characters are no less so. If it would lead us
widely astray to make the wonderful Ornithorinchus a bird, on
account of its beak, it would be equally dangerous, were any
botanist to refer Brunonia to the Campanulacee, for the sake of
its stigma alone. “ Upon the whole,” as Mr. Brown very can-
didly remarks, “ instead of our being able to determine the order
to which this genus belongs, Brunonia seems to afford no smalk
proof of the limits of these groups being purely artificial; for
does it not break down the barrier between Syngenesi@ and Cam-
panulacee, Dipsacee and Globularie?” ‘To this I most heartily
subscribe ; but if it leads to the overthrow of artificial definitions,
too
370 ‘Dr. Smitn’s Account of Brunonia.
too confidently perhaps asserted for natural, may it not on the
other hand guide us to some natural combinations, in helping us,
for instance, to understand Corymbium? ‘hese anomalous pro-
ductions, while they perplex the system-builder, enlighten the
true observer. Who knows but the difference between an up-
right and a reversed embryo, which, according to our present
knowledge, I allow to be almost insuperable, and by which rule
Brunonia must be referred to the Corymbifere, and not to the
Dipsaceea, may prove, like every other known character, liable
too ccasional exception ?
J. 7. SMiTaH.
EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.
Tas. XAVUII. Brenonia australis.
Fig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali. 2. Flos completus magn:
auctus. 3. Calyx exterior cum bracted respondente capituli.
4. Corolla cum dimidio calycis interioris. 5. Pistillum et Sta-
mina, quorum tubus antherarum apertus. 6. Stigma dimidio
indusii abscisso. Apex styli cum indusio stigmatis.
Tas. XXIX. Brunonta sericea.
Tig. 1. Planta magnitudine naturali. 2. Capituli lobus magn.
auctus. 3. Flgs completus. 4. Calyx exterior cum bractea re-
spondente capituli. 5. Stamina et Pistillum, cujus Stigma lon-
gitudine indusii. 6. Stamen unicum. 7. Pistillum, cujus stigma
semiexsertum. 8 Apex Styli cum indusio stigmate adhuc in-
cluso. 9. Stigma denudatum. 10. Calyx interior fructifer.
11. Tubus ejusdem apertus, ostendens semen filamentis infra
cohxrentibus cinctum. 12. Semen filamentis persistentibus
cinctum. 13. Apex incrassatus operculiformis tunice exterioris
seminis. 14. Semen tunica exteriore orbatum. 15. Embryo.
XVIII. A De-
it wate ae
ap et ai,
GH
PPP LEP LOPPL ©
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SS
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ater FOP DL LA0 on”
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| TIEEND Se
( 871 )
XVIII. <A Description of Duchesnea fragiformis, constituting a
new Genus of the Natural Order of Senticose of Linnaeus, Rosaceae
of Jussieu. By James Edward Smith, M.D. F.R.S. P.L.S.
Read April 3, 18i0.
Havrne lately had occasion to study the genus Fragaria, I was
led to consider the plant figured and described by Mr. Andrews
in his Repository, t. 479, by the name of F. indica, which struck
me as, in many respects, very remarkable, and probably consti-
tuting a new genus. ‘That it is no Fragaria is apparent from the
fruit, which is represented like that of a Rubus. In short, the
plant in question, with the habit of a Fragaria, has the yellow
flower and ten-cleft calyx of a Potentilla, and the fruit of a Rubus,
differing essentially however from the latter in its calyx, as well as
in its habit altogether. I am enabled to bear testimony to the
accuracy of Mr. Andrews’s representation, by means of a spe-
cimen gathered by Dr. Buchanan in Nepal, now in my posses-
sion, accompanied with a description drawn up by that excellent
botanist on the spot.
In the name of this new genus [ wish to commemorate the
merits of M. Duchesne, author of the Histoire Naturelle des
Fraisiers published at Paris in 1766, justly termed by Haller “ an
excellent little book,” in which the varieties of Strawberries are
so accurately described, and their synonyms so well illustrated,
that I cannot but wonder it did not more excite the attention of
Linneus,
372 Dr. Smirn’s Description of Duchesnea fragiformis.
Linneus, who was furnished by its author with specimens of
every thing he described. The subject is followed up by the
same writer in an essay communicated to Lamarck, and pub-
lished in his Dictionnaire de Botanique, vol. 11. 528, in which per-
haps he may be thought to multiply distinctions without necessity,
like all who study any subject with a microscopic eye. But if
the philosophical principles of strict specific differences have not
particularly engaged his attention, that defect is supplied by
Ebrhart in his Beitrdge, fasc. 7. 20, who in the direction of the
pubescence of these plants has found means to discriminate the.
species in a masterly manner. Willdenow in his Species Plan-
tarum has profited by these remarks, though he still retains an
error of Linneus in making a distinct species of the Fragaria mo-
nophylla, Curt. Mag. t. 63, clearly shown by Duchesne to be a
variety raised by himself from seed of the Wood Strawberry,
F. vesca, and found to return gradually to its original in a few
generations, when propagated by the same mode.
The plant I am about to describe seems peculiarly fit for the
purpose in view, on account of its resemblance and affinity to
Fragaria, though surely no genus can be more distinct. It affords
a new example of what 1 have often had occasion to remark,
that the genera of the Linnzan Jcosandria Polygynia, which is
itself a natural order, are not less distinct in nature than in tech-
nical characters.
DUCHESNEA.
Crass. ET Orv. Icosandria Polygynia.
Nar. Orv. Senticose Linn. Rosacee Juss.
Essent. Cuar. Calyx decemfidus. Petala quinque. Bacca
supera, composita acinis monospermis.
Nar.
Dr.Smurn’s Description of Duchesnea fragiformis. 373
Nat. Cuan.
Catyx. Perianthium inferum, monophyllum, planum, decem-
fidum ; laciniis quinque alternis exterioribus majoribus,
incisis.
Conrota. Petala 5, obovata, longitudine calycis, laciniisque ejus
majoribus opposita.
Stamina. Filamenta viginti circitér, subulata, petalis triplo bre-
viora, calyci inserta. Anthera subrotunde, bilobe, incum-
bentes.
Pistittum. Germina plurima, parva, in capitulum collecta,
ovata, compressa, incurva. Styli simplices, lateri germinis
inserti, decidui. Stigmata simplicia.
Pericarrium. Bacca composita: acinis ovatis, compressis, in
capitulum convexum, receptaculo carnoso insidens, collectis :
singulis unilocularibus.
SEMINA solitaria, reniformia, levia.
1. Ducuesnea fragiformis.
Fragaria indica. <Andr. Repos. t. 479.
In alpibus Indiz orientalis.
Native of the sandy shores of rivers in Nepal, flowering in March
and April. Dr. Buchanan.
Radix ramosa, subtuberculata, fibrosa, perennis.
Caules plures, procumbentes, repentes, laté diffusi, filiformes,
subsimplices, pilosi, foliosi, pauciflori.
Folia radicalia plurima ; caulina ad genicula solitaria, longiis
petiolata, ternata; foliolis petiolatis, subequalibus, rotundato-
rhombeis, obtusis, inequalitér incisis, subtis pilosis: lateralibus
subindeé bilobis.
VOL. X. 36 Petioli
$74 Dr. Smitn’s Description of Duchesnea fragiformis.
Petioli densé pilosi, pilis patentibus.
Stipule gemine, basi petioli adnate, ovate, incise, persis-
tentes, pilose.
Pedunculi oppositifolii, solitarii, debiles, longitudine Fitordias
uniflori, ebracteati.
Flores feré Potentille reptantis, flavi, calyce piloso.
Fructus saturaté ruber, insipidus et inodorus.
XIX. Ob-
( 875)
XIX. Observations on some Species of Menziesia, hitherto consi-
dered as belonging to the Genus Andromeda, by Ol. Swartz, M.D.
Bergian Professor of Botany at Stockholm, F.M.L.S.
Read April 17, 1810.
Tue great natural affinity between the genera of Erica, Andro-
meda, and Menziesia is well known; but at the same time it ap-
pears unquestionable that they can never unite with each other.
The character of the Menziesia was first explained by the Pre-
sident of the Linnean Society, in his excellent work the Plante
hactenus inedita, t. 56, where he points out the principal generic
difference from the real Andromedas and Ericas to be, a capsule
similar to that. of Rhododendron, or the dissepimenta loculorum
e marginibus valoularum inflexis, which accordingly places. this
genus in a natural order distinct from the Ericee. The author
of the Gen. Plant. secundum Ord. Nat. disposita, attending to the
character of Menziesia, indicated afterwards (Annales du Mus.
d Hist. Nat. i. p. 52.) the necessity of transferring another plant
to the same genus, viz. the Erica or Andromeda Daboecii of dif-
ferent authors, who, from principles not before fixed concerning
the natural affinity, had appeared irresolute about its real place,
now sufficiently ascertained by Mr. Salisbury (Transact. of Linn.
Soc. vi. p. 323.) and from my own inspection of Irish and Spanish
specimens.
Sc2 From
876 —- Professor Swartz’s Observations on Menziesia.
From equally urgent reasons I take the liberty to indicate a
similarity of character in two other plants, and to propose their
union with the genus Menziesia as real species. These are the
Andromeda carulea of Linneus, and the Andromeda Bryantha of
Pallas. As for the first-mentioned, the discovery of its particular
fruit is by no means new, as the celebrated author of the Flora
Britannica in his new edition of the Linnean Flora Lapponica has
already observed the carpological difference of this plant from
the other species of Andromeda; and at that time thought
proper to refer the same to Erica, where also Professor Willde-
now in his Spec. Plant. has enlisted it, as well as the Andromeda
Bryantha. It is, however, now my intention to prove the pro-
priety of an alteration in this arrangement.
That the capsule of Andromeda cerulea by its valve introflere
loculum proprium constituentes (Juss.) shows its relationship to the
Rhododendra, cannot escape an intelligent observer. This cir-
cumstance added to a comparison with the partes fructificantes of
Menziesia puts, I think, its near affinity with that genus out of
doubt. The calyx of the former is, it is true, repandus but mo-
nophyllus; in the latter also consisting of one leaf, though deeply
divided into 5 laciniz. The form of the corolla, its deciduous
nature, the insertio staminum, the anthere, the stigma lobatum, all
correspond. The number only differs ; which however cannot be
of any particular weight, since we find that the Andromeda Bry-
antha, in so many respects resembling the former, even in number
approaches the Menziesia, as being octandrous.
Upon the whole, there is nothing but the habit which at first
sight shows any difference. But considering the very great dis-
similarity really existing between the species of Andromeda, for
instance between A. hypnoides and A. mariana, or A. tetragona and
buxifolia.
—— ee ee
Professor Swartz’s Observations on Menziesia. 377
buzifolia, &c. that difficulty is certainly soon removed. It is also
interesting to observe, how nature has varied the appearances in
both these genera, as well as in many others.
From such reasons I hope to determine with sufficient pro-
priety the Andromeda cerulea to be
Mewnztesia cerulea;
foliis sparsis confertis linearibus obtusis cartilagineo-denticulatis,
pedunculis terminalibus ageregatis unifloris, floribus decandris.
Tas. XXX. Fig. A.
Andromeda cvrulea. Linn. Fl. Lapp: ed. Smith, p. 133. t. 1.
f. 5. Flor. Svec. 354.
Andromeda taxifolia. Pallas Fl. Ross. t. 72. fig. 2. Flor. p. 103.
Erica cerulea. Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. p. 393.
Obs. Folia sparsa, conferta (imprimis versus apices ramorum) nec
proprié terna dicenda, Willd.) planiuscula, utrinque sulco ex-
arata, subtus latiore albido villoso, margine minuté denticulata,
denticulis cartilagineis diaphanis- Pedunculi intense rubri,
elongati, pube glandulifera undique hispiduli. Calyr extis
glanduloso-pubescens. Flores nutantes. Anthere leviter apice
bifidee, loculis foramine terminali obliqué hiantes. Stigma
5-lobum. Capsule erecte, hirsutie glandulifera vestite, vetus-_
tiores muriculatz. Receptaculum seminum 5-gonum 5-sulca-
tum, angulis rugulosis. Semina oblonga, undato-venulosa,
spadicea.
The other, or Andromeda Bryantha, I call
Menzizesta Bryantha;
foliis sparsis confertis oblongo-linearibus, pedunculis apice co-
rymbosis, floribus octandris.
Tas-
878 Professor Swartz’s Observations on Menziesia.
Tas. XXX. Fig. B.
Andromeda Bryantha. Pallas Fl. Ross. t. 74. f. 2. Fl. p. 111.
Bryanthus repens, serpilli folio, flore roseo. Gmel. Fl. Sib. 4.
533. £575
Erica Bryantha. Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. p. 386.
Obs. Fruticulus ramosissimus prostratus, ramulis implexis assur-
gentibus. Folia sparsa, seepe conferta, a situ subinde secunda,
oblongo-linearia, obtusiuscula, supra planiuscula, subtds valdé
convexa, sulco profundo notata (nec supra ut Pall.) margine
(oculo armato) ciliato-denticulata, ciliis cartilagineis. Pedun-
culi solitarii, elongati, pubescentes, bracted 1. foliolo uno al-
terove ciliato, glanduloso, instructi; apice corymbosi, pedicell
unifloris. Calyx 4-partitus, pubescens. Capsula ovato-subr
tunda, glabra, scabriuscula. Semina ovata *.
Notwithstanding the dissimilarity in habit from the origin:
Menziesia ferruginea, we find in some instances a similar ter
dency in both these species, e. g. the elongated flowerstalks, the
nodding flowers, (though the fruitstalks and capsules become
erect,) the ciliated and glandular appearances on the leaves and
the parts belonging to the flower. ;
How far the Andromeda Stelleriana Pall. Fl. Ross. t. '74. f. 2.,
which appears somewhat like the Bryantha, and is by Willdenow
also referred to Erica, may be another species of Menziesia, I
cannot at present decide, having only seen the plant figured. I
have, however, some doubts, as Pallas describes the anthere as
bisete, and Steller observed, that ‘neque calyx neque flos de-
cedunt, sed ambo marcescunt.” It may perhaps rather be a true
species of Erica.
* More circumstantial descriptions occur in the writings of Linnzus and Pallas,
where, however, the most of these particulars are omitted,
Ex PLa-
b AMI pie», S448
Dae Pan
f a ae a!
Bon obaiter
ny ff
Linn. Trans. VolX. Tab
watson lh soanrostarrrsdO e“sTaa we vopasto
Professor Swartz’s Observations on Menziesia. 379
ExpLanaTIon or Tas. XXX.
Fig. A. 1. A small shrub of the Menziesia c@rulea, with fruit-
stalks and capsules, natural size. 2. A leaf, showing the upper
side. §$. The under side. 4. The pistillum remaining on the
calyx after the falling of the corolla. 5. Ananthera. 6. A fruit-
stalk, and the capsule closed. 7. The same with open valves.
8. Avalve separate. 9. The axis of the capsule, with a seed on
the side, or receptaculum seminum. 10. One seed. All more
or less magnified.
Fig. B. 1. A part of the shrub of Menziesia Bryantha in fruit,
natural size. 2. A pedicellus with its capsule. 3. Upper side
ofaleaf. 4. The under side. 5. Acapsule. 6. The same with
pen valves. 7. The axis. 8. A valve. 9. The seed. All more
r less magnified.
ADDITIONAL NOTE
By THE PRESIDENT.
*
Dr. Swartz’s conjecture, respecting the Andromeda Stelleriana,
proves at once his acuteness, and the solidity of the principles
which guide him. I have specimens of that plant, found by Mr.
Menzies on the west coast of North America, and its capsules
are those of an Andromeda, having the partitions from the middle
of
380 Professor Swantz’s Observations on Menziesia.
of the valves. I beg leave here to add to the above Menziesiz
a new species, gathered in the country just mentioned, by the
same excellent botanist whose name it bears.
MeEnziEsta empetriformis ;
foliis linearibus serrulatis: subtUs concavis, pedunculis termi-
nalibus aggregatis, floribus campanulatis decandris, calycibus
obtusis.
This is a much taller plant than the cerulea, from which it
differs moreover in the short and blunt segments of its calyx, the
deflexed edges of the leaves, and their stronger serratures. The
corolla is deciduous, almost bell-shaped, with a spreading limb,
like Rhododendron ferrugineum, not ovate, and contracted at the
mouth, like M. cerulea. ;
:
:
XX. Some
(i381, .)
XX. Some Observations on the Genus Andrea; with Descriptions of
Sour British Species. By William Jackson Hooker, Esq., F.L.S:
Read May 1, 1810.
Tus genus upon which it is my intention here to offer a few
observations, was originally established by Ehrhart in the first
number of his Beitrage, and there received the name it has always
subsequently borne, in honour of his friend J. G. R. Andree, an
apothecary and able naturalist at Hanover. The only species
with which Ehrhart was acquainted was the A: alpina, a plant
that had long been known among botanists, but had al ways pre-
viously been joined to the Jungermannia, between which and the
Musci calyptrati it unquestionably forms the connecting link ;
so that, though amid all the various changes and improvements
which have of late years taken place in the system of Mosses,
the genus Andrea has had the peculiar good fortune of remain-
ing unaltered, yet a question has always arisen, how far it pro-
perly belonged to the order of Mosses, or Hepatic; its habit
being almost equally intermediate between both, and its cap-
sule seeming to partake more of the nature of the latter than of
the former. I shall briefly notice what has been done by those
botanists who have made any alteration in the character of the
genus, or in its place in the systematic order ; and then proceed
to a description of the parts of fructification ; from which I trust,
VOL. X. 3D that
382 Mr. Hooker’s Observations on Andrea,
that though, as remarked above, its appearance seems rather. to
assign it a place with the Iepatice, there will nevertheless be
found no difficulty to exist in allowing it to continue, as it now
generally stands, among the Musci.
The genus by Ehrhart himself was placed in the third order
of the 24th class of Linneus (the Al/ge), which at, that time
contained what are now called Hepatice. He was, in all proba-
bility, induced to leave it there, from a reluctance to make’ al-
terations that did not appear absolutely necessary, and from its
affinity to the genus Jungermannia in the same order, without
considering the character of this order as given by Linneus :—
« A plant whose root and stem-leaves are.all in one.” It is how-
ever extraordinary he should have done so, since the definition
of the genus Andrea, as first drawn out by himself, has so many
characters in common with the Musci, and so few that are ana-
logous to any thing among the Alge. 7 mae
For the benefit of those who may not have an opportunity of
seeing the Beitrage, where it is contained, I will here transcribe
this definition.
“« ANDREA.
“« Perichatium squamosum.
“« Squame lanceolate, carmate, imbricate.
“ Anthophorum longitudine perichetii.
‘* Calyptra conica, brevissima.
* Stylopodiwm nullum.
“© Conioecium oblongum, subtetragonum, 4-sulcatum.
“ Apophysis turbinata.
“ Valoule quatuor carinate, angulares, basi apophysi apicibus
conjunctorio adnate. ‘Bat
« Suture
Mr. HookeEr’s Observations on Andrea. 383
Suture laterales, ex medio sursum deorsumque versus dehis-
centes.
“ Conjunctorium oBtusiusculum.
** Dissepimentum nullum.
“ Styliscus cylindricus.
** Spora subtilissima.”
With the above definition of Andrea before him, it is a matter
of surprise that Hedwig, in the Species Muscorum, should. have
altered the characters to
““ Capsula exigua, minuta. Perist. dentibus quatuor ‘concavis,
apice connexis, operculigeris :”
thus mistaking the apophysis for a capsule, and the fout
valves of the capsule for the teeth of a peristomium. He has,
however, rightly arranged it among the Musci.
Bridel must have been entirely unacquainted with Andrea;
or, surely, after having entered so deeply into the physiology of
Mosses as he has’ done in the first volume of his Muscologia, he
would have admitted the genus into that work. Had he once
examined the fructification of Andrea, he would immediately
have discovered that the characters of the order, to which it pro-
perly belongs, are accurately described in the chapter of his work
entitled “ Quid sit Muscus,”
Dr. Roth comes next to be noticed, who, in the third volume
of his Flora Germanica, has given a very full account of the
genus, but has placed it among the Heparice, on account of the
capsule’s opening into four valves. In order to do this, however,
he supports an opinion that the conjunctorium of Ehrhart is not
an operculum, and that it does not perform the office of that part
of a moss. But, till we are more fully acquainted with the use
of the operculum, and till we are certain that the conjunctorium of
3p2 Ehrhart
384 Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea.
Ehrhart has a different function assigned to it, surely it would
be better to retain the old name of operculum, to which “it has
full as much right as the part which oceupies"the same place’ in
Phascum, and even more so; for in Andrea it is sometimes of a
different colour, and is always of a different texture, from’ the
capsule. Dr. Roth doubts whether the seeds may not, while in
the capsule, be fixed to filaments of a similar nature to those of
the Jungermannie; but, in all the species I have had an oppor-
tunity of examining, I have not been able to observe any’ thing
of the kind.
Thus was Andrea removed fram one order to another, as if its
parts of fructification were among the minutest of the vegetable
kingdom, or among the most difficult to examiine, till 'the’late
Dr. Mohr in his Flora Germanica, (of which he sent an unedited
copy to his friend Mr. Turner a little before his death,) by a con-
cise definition of the two orders Musci and Hepatice, satisfac-
torily established it as belonging to the former of these, which
he calls “ operculate,”* but he has still persisted in calling the
valves of the capsule a peristomium.
Having thus delivered my opinion’ as to the order to whith
Andrea property belongs, it remains for me to say a few words
upon the place which in that order it ought to occupy ; and here
T trust no doubt can be entertained of the propriety of placing
* Dr. Mobr’s 6th order of the class Cryptogamia, which he calls ‘* Calyptrate,’’ is
divided into
a. Operculate, containing all the true Musci, among which Andrea stands
the last ;
b. Deoperculate, which includes all the Hepatic.
However excellent the definitions of these subdivisions may be, it seems hardly ne-
cessary to alter the old terms of AMusct and Hepatice, See Dr. Smith’s Flora Bri-
tannica, 1099, 1101.
it
at a et ’ a
%
<a
aA:
Mr, Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. 385
it thelast ; by which means its affinity to Jungermannia, with which
the next order Hepatice begins, will be pointed out. Yet it is
to be regretted that, by, so doing, according to the present ar-
rangement of Muscz, it. must be so widely separated from the
genus, Sphagnum, to which in many particulars it bears a most
striking resemblance, and in none more so than in the white suc-
culent, pedicellus* and irregularly torn calyptra, a part of which
frequently remains at the base of the capsule. If it were neces-
sary in an artificial arrangement to regard more particularly na-
tural affinity, perhaps at some future time it would be found
desirable to alter the, present disposition of the genera of Mosses,
and, begin with, those.whose peristomium is of a more compli-
cated structure,—for example, with Burbaumia, which, according
to.Dr.. Mohr, has a) treble row of teeth,—and_ thus descend ;suc-
cessively through Hypnum, and those with a double and single
peristomium, to Gymnostomum, Phascum, Sphagnum and Andrea.
The most striking similarity between the latter genus and Jun-
germannia is in the fleshy or rather succulent peduncle, the deep
brown colour of the capsule, and the circumstance of its open-
ing into four valves ; to these, may, be added the absence of an
internal, membrane, to, the capsule, and the irregularly torn ca-
lyptra,.which is not cut round transversely (cércumscissa) asin
most of the Mosses. But if we examine more attentively the
structure of the capsule of Andrea, a nearer approach to the true
Musci may be readily discovered, and we shall not fail to meet
with all the important characters of that order. Bridel in his
Muscologia, i. p. 3, defines a moss to be * Planta fructu calyptrato
* [have called this a pedicellus in compliance with the generality of Muscologists ;
but it is in reality an elongation of the receptacle in Andrea as well asin Sphagnum ; so
that these two genera differ from all other Mosses in haying the capsule really sessile.
et
386 Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on A ndréa.
et operculato predita. Per fructum calyptratum, capsulam teg-
mento cucullato seu mitriformi corollz speciem sistente, et a tha-
Jamo; cui primus adherebat, divulso vel per medium abruptum *
instructum intelligimus, et per fructum operculatum, 'capsulam
operculo plerumque libero, et maturitate decidente, rarils rema-
nente, tectam.” Thus, he continues, we remove from the order
Musei, 1. the Lycopodia, 2. Porella, 8. Marchantia, Jungerman-
nia}-and Anthoceros, “que quidem fructu non vero opercu-
lato sed dentibus aut valvulis pluribus dehiscente gaudent.”
The capsule is in reality furnished with an operculum, that is to
say, is terminated by a conical-shaped covering, which, although
closely united to the capsule, still has its line of separation so
far defined that I should not think any one would hesitate in
calling it an operculum. In A. rupestris and Rothii this part is
even of a different colour. It is true’ it does not fall off, as‘ in
most other Mosses, for the emission of the seeds, nor does’ the
singular. conformation of the capsule require it; for, when the
capsule is fully ripe, four longitudinal openings permit the dis-
charge of the seeds. This operation can only /be performed in
dry weather, when the spaces betweem the valves open, the valves
themselves swelling out, and the capsule, from an ‘ovato-oblong
figure, becoming more orbicular, as represented at Tans XXXII.
fig. 4. f. In moist weather the openings become contracted,
and the capsule recovers its original form, even though the seeds
may have been discharged. ‘The calyptra is never elevated with
the capsule in the shape of a true calyptra, asin the Musei in ge-
neral, nor does it open vertically as in Jungermannia, but is some-
* Ina note to this passage, Bridel instances as a single exception the genus Sphag-
num, in which the lower and torn part of the calyptra remains surrounding the base\af
the capsule. Andreea of course makes another exception.
what
Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. 387
what transversely and irregularly torn below the summit, insuch a
manner thata,portion of it very frequently, if not always, adheres
to the operculum, and remains, there till the capsule. begins. to
decay, .In a young state it is tipped with along hollow style.
which soon falls off, and only a short mucro is seen to remain in
a more advanced state. The internal part. of the capsule is en-
tirely filled with minute, brown, spherical seeds, except what is
eceupied by the columella, which is at first succulent and. vascu-
lose, but soon becomes dry and shrivelled.
Cuaractrr Essentratis.
Capsula quadrivalvis, valyarum apicibus operculo adnato.
_ Cuaracter Narturauis. |
Fruct. 4. Sec fcominalia statu juniore foliis perichztialibus omnind
obtecta.
Pistilla numerosa, minuta, oblonga, viridia, quorum unum soluny
maturescit, reliqua pedicelli ad basin restant.
Pedicellus vix lineam vel sesquilineam longitudine superans, foliis
pericheetialibus paulim lengior, albus, succulentus, vasculosus,
_ eylindraceus, ad basin in bulbilli formam intumescens.
Apophysis oblonga vel turbinata, fusca, substantia pulposé ‘im
pletar... .
Capsula ovata, intense fusca, cylindracea, demum subquadran-
gularis, in quatuor valvas equales longitudinaliter dehiscens,
apicibus semper operculo connexis.
Columella capsule feré longitudine, oblonga, cylindraceay pallid’
fusca, apice subacuminata.
Semina numerosa, minuta, fusca, adamussim spheerica.
Operculum minutum, conicum, capsule concolor in A. alpind et’
nivah,
388 Mr. Hooxen’s Observations on Andrea.
nivali, in rupestri et Rothii albescens, valvarum, extremitati
semper cohzerens.
Calyptra membranacea, pellucens, albida, eareines obtegens,
demum, ut capsula evadat, enormiter et subhorizontaliter, de-
hiscens.
Stylus longiusculus, fuscescens.
Fruct. mas. gemmiformis, terminalis.
Anthere 3—7, ovato-subcylindracee, pallidé fusco-cineree, sub-
pedicellate.
Fila succulenta numerosa, antheris multd Pee se filiformia,
sursum versus modo parum incrassata, flavicantia, articulata,
articulis longitudine diametrum subzequantibus.
* foliis enervibus.
1. ANDREA alpina.\ Ui 66 LQKuldo tea
Andrea, caule ramoso, foliis BLOGS pidtthatERas ‘apiculatis
enervibus concavis undique imbricatis ; perichetialibus dager set
acutis ; interioribus circa pedicellum citcumvolutis. "a
Jungermannia alpina. Linn. Sp. Plant. ii, p. 1601. n, 23, _ Schras
der, Spic. Fl. Germ. pars 1ma. p. 76. Weber, Spic. Fl. Goet.
p. 152. n. 216. Fl. Dan. tab, 1002. f..1. Roth, Fl. Germ. 1,
p- 485. n. 30.
Andrea petrophila. Ehrhart, Beitrége 1. p. 15. 192. taffingn,
Deutschlands Flora ii. p. 80. Schrader, Syst. Sammi. p. 3, n. 91.
Andra alpina. Hedw. Sp. Muse. p. 49. Musc. Hib. p. 13, “Smith,
Fi. Brit. iii. p. 1179. (excl. syn. A. rupestris Hedw.) Roth, Fl.
Germ. iii. p. 359. Engl. Bot. tab. 1278. Mohr, Fl. Crypt. Germ.
pe 383,,t..11. fi 3, 4. i
Lichenastrum
2) sr a
Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. 389
Lichenastrum’ alpinum atro-rubens teres, calycibus ‘squamodsis.
Diil, Hist. Musc. p. 506. t. 73. n. 39.
B flavicans ; caulibus elongatis filiformibus, foliis laxe imibrica-
‘tis flavicantibus.
y compacta; caulibus denst pulvinatis strictissimis, foliis’ arcte
imbricatis. ,
Has. In palustribus montis Cader Idris, summitatem versus. In
~cautibus humidis, eque ac siccis, montis Snowdon et ubique
circa Llanberries. Dillenius. Ireland. Mr. Turner. On'the
summits of the Highland mountains, not uncommon.
2 and y on Ben Nevis. “= u
Perennis. Aistate.
Caules ceespitosi, flexuosé erecti, unciales et ultra, ramosi,
ramis subsimplicibus, appressis, fastigiatis, ubique obsiti foliis
laxé undique imbricatis, erecto-patentibus, obovatis, vel potius
¢ basi oblonga spathulatis, apice rotundatis, et mucrone perbrevi
apiculatis, concavis,. omnino enervibus, atro-rubescentibus ut
oculo, inermi, nigra. videantur, sub microscopio tamen flavican-
tibus, per totam substantiam longitudinaliter minutissimé punc-
tato-striatis ; e “Perichatiatia ppabe-vistene, acutiuscula, circa pe-
dicellum“arct®- imbricata, interiora circa ¢jus basin’ ‘convoluta;
exteriora erecta et concava, omnia colore substantidque catili-
norum Ssimilia; Perigonialia abbreviata, ovato-subrotunda, acu-
minata, concava. 9
Fructificatio; feminea terminalis ; Pedicellus sesquilinéaris, foliis
perichetialibus fert obtectus, tener, albus, succulentus, démum
brunneus, coriaceus, Apophysi coronatus, exigua, globusd, fusca,
capsula angustiore; Capsula oblongo- -ovata, atro-fusca, in qua-
tuor valvas zquales, angustas, apice coherentes, longitudinaliter
fissa ; Operculum valvarum apicibus adnatum, conicum, minu-
tum, fuscum: Mascula gemmiformis, ramorum brevium latera-
VOL. x. SE lium
S90 Mr. Hoorvn’s Observations on Andrea.
litt ad apices terminalis ; Antiere 3—5 subpedicellate bvato-
cylindracex, pallid’ fusce; Fila succulenta antlieris plus duplo
Jongiora, numerosa, flavescentia, filiformia, sursum versus parim
incrassata, articulata, articulis longitudine diametrutn subze-
quantibus.
Var. 8 major quam «@, triuncialis et ultra, foliis laxids imbri-
catis magisque flavescentibus; caulibus simpliciusculis, filifor-
mibus, tenuibus, flexuosis.
Var. y caules habet densissimé pulvinatim compactos, ramis
strictis, zequalibus, insignitér fastigiatis ; foltis arcté imbricatis,
patentibus, quibus ab antecedentiBus duabus ‘varietatibus: pre
pue differt :—foliorum color atro-ruber. (Ol
At first sight this Andrea may be distinguished, from its:con-
geners by its more robust appearance, and, by the more ‘striking
character of its leaves being imbricated on all sides of the ‘stem,
and never in the least secund. The var. 8 is remarkable for its
large size, as well as its paler colour and more distinct leaves.
y might without a careful examination of the leaves be almost
taken for a distinct species, and differs from # and @ in having
the stems as well as branches peculiarly straight and erect, the
latter of so equal an height that they form compact. tufts, of
which the surface is as even as if cut with an instrument.
Although Andrea alpina has been given as a native of several
parts of the North of England and Wales, yet I am inclined to
think it may be numbered among our Musct rariores, and that
A. rupestris has been often mistaken for it. Thus much I can
say, that most of the specimens under the name of A. alpina,
from the last-mentioned places, that I have had an opportunity
of seeing, have proved to be A. rupestris; and on Ingleborough,
where it is said to have been gathered, Mr. Dalton and myself
were only able-to find rupestris and Rothii. In Scotland, indeed,
upon
‘
a
Mr, Hooxnnr’s Observations on Andrea. 391
upon most of the high mountains, it seems to be not uncommon,
and js even. plentiful,upon Ben, Lawers, Ben-y-more, and Beu
Nevis, but,.always upon the rocky summits, and even there of
far, less, frequent;occurrence than A. rupestris or Rothii. Mr.
Turner has also received Irish specimens, gathered both by. Mr.
Templeton and Mr. Mackay.
2. ANDREA rupestris.
A. caule. ramoso, foliis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis apice
faleatis enervibus, subsecundis; perichetialibus erectis, ob-
longis: marginibus involutis. .
Jungermannia’ rupestris: Linn. Fl. Suec. 920. ed. iisop. 402.
<n. '1045.* Sp. Plant. ii. p. 1601. 2. 21. Weber, Spic. Fl. Goet.
p. 154. n: 217. Roth. Fl. Germ. i. p. 485. n. 28. iit. p. 378.
14 (excl. Syn. Dill.)
Andrza rupestris:' Hedw. Sp. Musc. p. 47. t. 7. f. 2. © Engl. Bot.
21277. (excl. syn. Fl. Brit. et Dill.) Mohr, Fl. Crypt. Germ.
yp 884, ft We fe 5, 6.
Has. On the Welsh mountains, Mr. Dillwyn and Rev H.
© Davies. Yorkshire, Mr. Robson. On the highland mountains
of Scotland, upon dry and barren rocks, not uncommon.
Perennis. Estate.
Caules czespitosi, subunguiculares, erectiusculi, nunc simplices,
nunc prope basin bifurci, segmentis plerumque indivisis, undique
yestiti foliis laxé imbricatis, flavo-olivaceis, laté-lanceolatis,
* Linnzeus’s description, in the second edition of Flora Suecica more particularly,
and in the Species Plantarum, of this plant seems best to accord with 4. Rothii; but
his own specimens in the Linnean Herbarium proye this to te the plant he intended,
unless, as is most probable, he confounded the two.
3E2 obtusis,
852 Mr. Hooxrr’s Observations on Andrea.
obtusis, ‘apice curvatis, utplurimum secundis, concaviusculis,
prorsis enervibus, dorso punctis minutis elevatis longitudinalitér
striatis et quasi papillosis ; Perichetialia reliquis longiora et pe-
dicellum) subequantia, erecta, arctt, imbricata, appressa, | ob-
longa, vel oblongo-ovata, concava, obtusa, marginibus, pardua
involutis, flavescentia, longitudinaliter striata; Perigoniala, cau-
linorum similia, sed lzetiis flavescentia.
Fructificatio; feminea terminalis ; Pedicedlus vix lineam longus,
albus, succulentus, demum fuscescens, Jd pophysi terminatus ob-
longa, angusta, fusca; Capsula oblongo-ovata, basi alba atque
diaphana, reliqua rufo-fusca, in quatuor valvas oblongas, ab
apice ad infra medium, sed non ad basin attingentes, dehiscens ;
Operculum capsule pro ratione magnum, conicum, album, dia-
phanum, valvarum apicibus affixum: Mascula gemmiformis,
terminalis; Anthere 4 seu 5, subpedicellate, oblongo-cylindra-
cee, effoete, albide, subpellucide ; Fila succulenta, numerosa,
lutescentia, filiformia, articulata, antheris sesquilongiora.
It will readily be seen, on looking at the above synonyms, how
little the present plant has been either known or understood ;
and, indeed, it has very generally becu confounded both with
the preceding and the following species. This with respect to
the latter is the more surprising, as two plants of the same genus
can scarcely be more dissimilar in the structure and form of
their leaves. The capsule of this Andrea has a striking pecu-
liarity in its white semitransparent base, which is not dehiscent
as in the other species, but is probably of a different texture
from the rest of the capsule, as well as of a different colour ; from
which latter circumstance this part may be taken for a conti-
nuation of the apophysis; but hat is situated just below it, and
may be easily distinguished, on dissection, by its being filled’
with a pulpy substance only; whereas the white base to the
capsule
Mr. Hooxrn’s Observations on Andreaa. 3938
capsule contains its! portion of the seeds, besides the columella,
which “ae through its: centre and is inserted into the apo-
physis.’
Andrea rupestris is found in less alpine situations than the Jast-
mentioned species. On dry rocks, which afford nourishment; to
the various species of 'Gyrophore, and where there seems to be
scarcely a particle of vegetable mould, this little plant may not
unfrequently be met with.
** foliis uninervibus.
‘ NSO SL ANDREA Rothi.
A. caule _simpliciusculo, foliis, lanceolato-subulatis falcato-se-
cundis unineryibus fragilibus ;perichzetialibus oblongis ener-
vibus ; margine inyoluto.
A. Rothii.,,, Mohr, Fl. Crypt. Germ. p. 385. t. 11.f. 7, 8, 9.*
A. rupestris.,, Smith, Fl. Brit. 1178. . Turn. Musc. Hib, p. 14,
Lichenastrum alpinum nigricans, foliis capillaceis, reflexis. Dill.
) Hist. Muse. p. 507. ¢. 73. AO ;
Has. In montibus Arvonie, li hi aud. Glyder, Dillenius.
Ireland, Mr. D. Turner. On the Yorkshire and Scotch moun-
_ tains, frequent.
Perennis. Aistate.
Caules ceespitosi, fragiles, vix unguiculares, erecti, pleramque
simplices, sed interdum ramosi, ramis subappressis, simplicius-
culis, ubique vestiti foliis denst imbricatis, e basi latiore lan-
ceolaté subulatis, falcatis, secundis, rigidis, nervo valido, basi
* Engl. Bot. t. 2162.
. obsole-
504 Mr: Hooxen’s Observations on Andrea,
obsoletiore, ad apicem percurrente instructis, nigro-viridibus,
siccitate omnind nigris, sub lente elegantissimé punctatis; Peri-
chatialia reliquis breviora, pedicelli vix longitudinem exceden-
tia, oblonga vel oblongo-ovata, interiora margine inflexo et pror-
sis enervia, erferiora nervo obsoleto infra apicem evanescente
percursa ; Perigonialia e basi ovato-subrotundaé acuminata, con-
cava, infernt obsoleté uninervia.
Fructificatio; feminea terminalis; Pedicellus vix lineam longus,
albus, demum fuscescens, desinens in apophysin exiguam,. ro-
tundatam, fuscam, capsula angustiorem; Capsula ovata, nigro-
fusca, basi pellucida, in quatuor valvas angustas ad basin usque
longitudinalitér dehiscens ; Operculum conicum, minutum, al-
bescens.:) Mascula gemmiformis, terminalis ; ex Antheris constans
35, ovato-cylindraceis, subpellucidis, pallidé fuscis ; et Fila
mentis succulentis numerosis, filiformibus, came rea ———
tibus, antheris duplo longioribus.
The only botanist who appears to have well ubdatstoad the
three preceding species of Andrea was the late: Dr. Mohr, who
first described A. Rothii as distinct from rupestris, and gave
figures of them all in his excellent Florw Germanica. A. Rothii is
far from uncommon in the mountainous parts of the British
isles, and is immediately distinguished by its very black colour
and small size. It is unquestionably the plant intended by: the
name of A. rupestris in the Muscologia Hibernica, which caused
Hedwig’s figure of the true 4. rupestris to be there referred to
A. alpina, though its most striking character, the midrib of the
leaves, is not noticed by Mr. Turner. In the neighbourhood of
Bantry it is so abundant, that, according to Miss Hutchins, the
mountains are black with it.
4. ANDREA
Mr; Hook rn’s Observations on Andrea. 395°
A TAnDnRmA nivalis.
z -caule ramoso, fohiis laxt imbricatis lanceolatis subfalcatis
secundis uninervibus-; perichzetialibus conformibus.
B fuscescens ;, foliis insiguiter falcatis fuscis.
Haz. Upon rocks on the summit of Ben Nevis, at the East end.
Perennis., Aistate.
Caules erecti; densissime ceespitosi, fexuosi, rubicundi, 3-un-
ciales et ultra, hi ‘sia plices, ili, quod seepils accidit, bi-trifurci
vel ramis aliquot:sparsis brevibus instructi, ubique foliosi; Folia
remotiuscula, anguste oblongo-lanceolata, acuminata, secunda;
subfalcata;paululim, concava, spe plana, fusco-viridia, summa
pallidiora,; omnia minutissime punctata, et nervo. rubescente
crassiusculo ad apicem usque attingente percursa; | Perichetialia
reliquorum similia; Perigonialia reliquis. tripld, breviora,: ovatos
subrotunda, breviteér acuminata, concava, fuscescentia, mervo
obscuro prope medium evanescente instructa.
Pructificatio ; feminea terminalis ; Pedicellus chains Sie
liorum \longitudinem vis cxcedens, albo-yirescens, basi pari
incrassatus et quasi bulbosus; Apophysis huic. insidet minuta,
oblonga, fusca, pedicello vix crassior ; Capsula ovata, atro-fusca,
in quatuor valvas angustas longitudinalitér dehiscens ; Opercudum
minutum, fuscum, valvis adnatum: Mascula freq uentissima,
gemmiformis, terminalis; Anthere 4 ad 6, oblonge, subpedicel+
late, fuscescentes ; Fila succulenta numerosa, flayescentia, arti-
culata, antherarum longitudinem bis terve excedentia, filiformia,
sursiim versus paululim incrassata.
Var. 6 discrepat colore magis fuseescente nitoris omnino. ex-
perte, foliis densioribus magisque falcatis.
‘This very distinct species of Andrea has hitherto, I believe,
been
* $96 Myr. Hooxern’s Observations on Andrea.
been observed only by Mr. Borrer and myself upon the rocky
summit of Ben Nevis, a mountain scarcely to be equalled by
any other in Great Britain for the richness and rarity of its ve-
getable productions, particularly in the order of Musci, and
which, from its vast extent, must be as yet but partially explored
by the Cryptogamic botanist.
A. nivalis produces capsules in the month of July, but spa-
ringly, although the male fructification is to be found in plenty at
that season, and is easily distinguishable from the rest of the
plant by its paler colour Barren specimens, and especially the
variety 8, have very much the appearance at first sight, both in
the mode of growth and colour, of Mr Dickson’s Jungermannia
adunca, but the slightest examination of the leaves with a com-
mon pocket lens will be sufficient at once to distinguish them.
Its nearest affinity is with the preceding species, from which it
may always be known by its far greater size and different colour,
by the similarity of the pericheetial leaves to the cauline ones,
and by these latter, which are much broader and by no means
subulate, so that the nerve is furnished on each side with a
considerable portion of the leaf tv Ue very apex, whereas in
A. Rothii it occupies towards the apex almost the whole breadth
of the leaf. The pedicellus too has a peculiarity that I have not
observed in any other species, in its base where the barren pis-
tilla are situated being incrassated into a sort of bulb.
Expbianartion or Tas. XXXI.
Fig. 1. Anprxa alpina.
a. portion of a branch, magnified . . . . . - + +. 6
Pepe Eo AMI apt pop 20 BeOS: fons ie. we a
c. exterior
|
|
Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea. 397
@ pxterion pemichatighleaf ..- .agjay ets) 6 wei e ene a
d, interior perigonial leat Ribak batch inss) 3-4. aise hy cigs AL 5
Jf. 2 anthere and succulent filaments ... 2. . . .. 1
Fig. 2.. ANDR#&A rupestris.
a. portion of a branch, magnified 6
Dre leaves (tht 10 henge oelh ah ore’ 5
d. perichetial leaf Sh Los -Leeitatt, ig) « 5
e. perigonial leaf... é o1ed wld wevaren 0 &
f. 2 anthere from which rie poll sé been Alseharzed,
and 2 'sheécuiént hlamentsg(: wit foun eres wom! 6 1
Fig. 3. Anpreza Rothii.
a. capsules, magnified Peas 4 «gpm leg taisd ie Steen ant Seb
LR Si Ei Rew ae oP ta orig Rae. olin Nant arty tinge 5
c. perichetial leaf . . . . 5 abst 5
e. a single anther and succulent renee erate ae 1
Fig.4. ANnprea nivalis.
a. a. female plants
6. b. male ditto , natural size.
c. var. B
d. female plant, magnified . . . . be is 6
e. fully formed capsule with the torn cayuives padicalles
and perichetial leaf ot eae oo Sea Se
jf. capsule after the discharge of the ali SS. a ee eee,
g. the columella with a tew seeds adhering toit . . . . &
h. seeds Bee 6 aes Ce en ee okey.
i. portion of the eden: ey ne a a |
wa VOL. Ks/ 3 PF j. leaf
¥
398 Mr. Hooxer’s Observations on Andrea.
RP ect: SER ye laa
k. malehead ... - A tthe 1g) Sah RRS Lg a RG
1. exterior perigonial Neat Sr i, AOR ES A a Net nCet Cs, Cae
m. interior ditto . . . - .- ok ea ad" eh 5
n. anthere and succulent Gleatiiais an AO é 2
o. anther discharging the pollen . . .... . 1
p. succulent filaments . . .-. . - i
Halesworth, Feb. 19th, 1810.
XXI. Some
Linn . Trans. Vol.X. Tab. 31.p.398.
te.
( 399 )
XXI. Some Account of an Insect of the Genus Buprestis, taken alive
out of Wood composing a Desk which had been made above twenty
Years. In a Letter to Alexander MacLeay, Esq. F.R.S. and
Sec. L.S. by Thomas Marsham, Esq. Treas. L.S.
Read June 19, 1810.
MY DEAR SIR,
As every circumstance that tends to the illustra-
tion of Natural History is particularly gratifying to you, I feel
pleasure in announcing to you a curious and extraordinary fact,
in our favourite science of Entomology, communicated to me by
our Right Honourable friend Sir Joseph Banks, and which I am
anxious to have laid before the Linnean Society, with a hope
that it may stimulate others to impart similar and other singular
facts as they occur, in order that, by collecting and registering a
number of such communications, a new and beneficial light may
open into the admirable works of the omniscient Creator, and
the clouds of darkness that at present overshadow them may be
removed.
On the 3d of January 1810, Mr. James Montague, one of the
Surveyors to the Corporation of London, on going to his desk
in the Office of Works at Guildhall, observed an insect, which
had been seen by his brother in the early part of the day, en-
3r2 deavouring
400 Mr. Marsuam’s Account of
deavouring to extricate itself from the wood which formed part
of the desk. Mr. Montague with his penknife carefully released
it from its cell, and it proved to be a beautiful coleopterous
insect, of the genus Buprestis, full of strength and vigour. ‘The
desk, which is 8 feet 9 inches long and 3 feet 5 inches wide, is
made of fir wood, which is perfectly sound. It was fixed in the
office in the year 1788 or 1789, and it has remained there, un-
touched, ever since, excepting that about three years ago it was
planed to remove some ink spots; by which operation the animal
had a very narrow escape from being discovered, as was apparent
from the thinness of the wood over the cell when it attempted
to come out. ‘The insect with a piece of the wood about a foot
square, cut out nearly from the middle of the desk, was sent to
Sir Joseph Banks ; but a thin shaving had previously been taken
from the surface of the board, by the officious care of a car-
penter, who chose to shave away the stains of ink.
When I first saw this insect alive in Soho Square, both Sir
Joseph and myself were much struck with the richness, beauty
and elegance of its colours, particularly on account of its having
come out of a plank imported from the Baltic, as those splendid
insects in general inhabit the hottest climates. On examination,
we found it described by Fabricius in his Systema Eleutheratorum,
ii. 204. 101. as Buprestis splendens, although he adds “* Habitat in
China.” It is also described by Paykull in his Fauna Suecica,
vol. ili. 229. 16. under the name of B. splendida. “ Habitat in Up-
landia rarius.” And Gyllenhall, who has given the best and most
particular description of it, in his Insecta Suecica, i. 455. 15.
adopts the name of JB. splendida after Paykull, and quotes
Herl st. Col. ix. 55. 38. which I have no doubt is the same, as this
author likewise refers to Paykull. Gyllenhall seems also to
think that B. pretiosa of Herbst. ix. 127. 6. tab. 144. fig. C. is the
same
- ‘ a,
ge en
TN 5 ed
ae yn! ‘
Juke
are) te Pula fi
GE RTA LR TR yards
Aa eet » Pris
j gy Paes. sabes ki Ate Sieve 4.
. iy sees Sd Hank vite DU oEDY: chs: . Che Ce ‘
iota aight pero Otel Ben sbseibeey Hews
oe bi ss NMRA ht hitmen: ¥ inf Vocal’,
hea ae bin aN ROR Re CNS teenie: inte tea soph
es : <r whan
ae ee f
aay Sunit Cv scad
Same «
re 5
vivey >
‘ P
+449 tiga hy eA"
P x ge iz aay. 4 4
‘ ; 1h, G ae . he ‘
ae PON hae Ge ; <
Bie he
my prt PARE BS %
Linn Trans Vil X Tab, 32-p.4on.
Fig. 2.
an Insect of the Genus Buprestis. 401
‘same insect; but in this 1 cannot agree with him, as neither de-
scription nor figure accords with B. splendens. ‘
The annexed figures, ‘I'an. XX XII. fig. 1. and 2. repredhi our
insect in its perfect state. Fig. 3.is a reduced drawing of the
piece of wood, with the excavation from which the insect issued :
the dark spotted parts are exact representations of the wood, as
it appeared when first in our possession: the lighter shades mark
the appearance after a thin shaving had been taken off by a
plane: proceeding further with the same instrument, the opening
extended to the dotted lines ; and the outer lines show the full
breadth of the excavation, as made by the insect, when it was
planed down to half its depth. The total length of the channel
could not be ascertained, as it is evident the whole width of the
plank was not sent. Fig 4. represents a section of the entrance
of the full size.
It is a subject of curious inquiry to know in what state the
insect remained for such a term of years in this wood, whether
as a larva, a pupa, or as a perfectly formed animal, or what
length of time in each state. Some insects remain a consider-
able time in the larva state, as the Wire-Worm, which is said to
be five years before its change into papa. Others again remain
two or three years as pupa, and many coleopterous insects will
live a considerable time in their last or perfect state. ‘The pre-
sent discovery, however, establishes one fact, which has hitherto
appeared doubtful, viz. where the larva of Buprestis inhabit,
and on what substance they feed. The celebrated Baron De
Geer, and after him Olivier, suspected that they lived in dry
wood, because the first had discovered a dead specimen of Bu-
prestis rustica in a beam of a house, and the latter B. Mariana
upon the trunks of worm-eaten pine-trees, and in the timber-
yard
402 Mr. Marsiuam’s Account of
yard @f the arsenal at Toulon. Many years since a row of the
Lombardy poplar was planted on the border of a foot path
leading to the Dog and Duck in St. George’s Fields, and soon
afterwards two of the B. 9-maculata of Ent. Brit. were taken from
the trunks of those trees ; but I have not heard that any more of
the same species have been taken in Great Britain.
The destructive property of these insects to timber is now
evident: and.the length of time that this animal lay concealed
strengthens an opinion which I have, from several causes, long
entertained, that, by the dispensation of Providence, nothing
once created shall be entirely Jost; but, that although a series
of unfavourable seasons may succeed each other, so as to de-
‘stroy the greatest part of many animals, yet a remnant shall
remain to propagate and continue the species. In confirmation
of this remark I shall mention one instance, which occurred to
my friend William Jones, Esq. of Chelsea, and which I do not
recollect to have seen published. This gentleman in one of his
entomological excursions took a female of the Phalena Bombyx
mendica, which laida number of eggs that produced thirty-six cater-
pillars: all of these fed, spun their cases, and went into the pupa
state in a regular manner: but at the proper season only twelve
came out in their perfect state; and as this was no uncommon
circumstance he concluded that the rest were dead. ‘To his great
astonishment however, the next season twelve more made their
appearance, and the following year the remainder burst into life,
equally perfect with the foregoing. How is this extraordinary
fact to be accounted for, except by the abovementioned supposi-
tion? They all fed alike, spun up about the same time, were
equally exposed to the same atmosphere of heat and cold, and
yet the result was so widely different. The question I am
aware
an Insect of the Genus Buprestis. 403
aware is more easily proposed than answered ; yet it is not im-
possible but that future observations may lead to an explanation
of this mystery.
I cannot conclude this letter without mentioning another cu-
rious circumstance related to me by Sir Joseph Banks. The
Sirex Gigas was seen in the nursery of a gentleman, to the no
small discomfiture of both nurse and children in consequence
of its size and wasp-like appearance ; and a few days afterwards
several insects of that species came out of the floor of the same
room. I once had one sent to me, which was reported to have
eaten its way through a leaden pipe; and the Sirex Juvenca, a
large blue one, | found in my own bedchamber, in a house that
had been newly built.
That numbers of exotic insects are imported into this country
in timber, and different packages of goods, there is no doubt;
and therefore it becomes the duty of the British Entomologist
to be cautious how he arranges them, and not to consider every
insect to be British that is found alive in this country.
I am, &c.
Tuomas Marsuam.
Xl. Bs-
( 404 )
XXII. Extracts from the Mtnurr-Boox of the LinNEAN
Society of Lonpon.
Dec.6, Tur Treasurer communicated a letter from the Rev.
1808. William Bingley, F.L.S., giving an account of his having
taken Forficula gigantea of Fabricius on the West Beach
near Christchurch, on the 7th of July last.
Mr. Bingley states, that as he was walking on the Beach
just at the close of the evening, he saw two or three large
insects running along the sand, about or rather below high-
water mark, and from their size and manner he took them
to be young Mole Crickets. Surprised at seeing such
insects in that situation, he examined them as well as the
light would permit, and, by their immense forceps and
size, found them to be a species of Forficula hitherto un-
described as British. He took home some specimens, and
ascertained them to be the Forficula gigantea of Fabricius.
From subsequent observations he concludes that these in-
sects seldom or never quit their hiding-places in the day-
time. A friend of Mr. Bingley’s sought for them afterwards
in the same place, and found a great number concealed
under large stones about the sands. Mr. Bingley some-
times put three or four together into his box; and the con-
sequence was, that one of them was frequently devoured
by the rest. In their habits these insects greatly resem-
ble the common Earwig; but when approached they turn
al
Evtracts from the Minute-Book of the Linnean Society. 405
up their abdomen in the manner of the large Staphylini,
bending the extremity quite over the head, which they
defend by means of their enormous forceps. The largest
he could procure was nearly fifteen lines in length, exclu-
sive of the antennx, which measured somewhat more
than half an inch.
Nov.7, Mr. Sowerby, F.L.S. communicated the following ac-
1809. count of a remarkable stone, known by the name of the
Blowing-Stone, on the road from Farringdon to Uffington,
in Berkshire.
The Blowing-Stone is placed near the front of a little
public-house, to which it gives its name. It is an un-
wrought Sand-stone, about three fect high, three feet
wide, and nearly eighteen inches in thickness, having na-
tural perforations. One of these perforations begins at
the upper end on one side, and passes to the other side a
little lower down. It is eighteen inches in length, about
an inch in diameter at the upper end, and nearly two
inches at the lower; thus forming a tube like a horn, and
when filled with wind sounds like one, and may be heard
at a considerable distance. Any one used to blowing a
horn can sound it. Mr. Sowerby has not been able to
determine whether these perforations were caused by roots
of trees or by an animal; but he concludes that they have
been formed in the same manner as those observed in
some of the Sand-stone found on Marlborough Downs.
Mr. Sowerby also communicated the following account
of a pit about two miles from Farringdon, oo gle
called the Farringdon Gravel Pit.
“ This pit is of a nature not yet described, being a rock
VOL. x. ac com-
406 Extracts from the Minute-Book of the Linnean Society.
composed of petrified animal remains, which agree in
structure much better with the Alcyoniums than with
any thing else I can recollect. The rock exposes some
hundreds of yards of strata and surface; and, being
chiefly composed of heaps on heaps of these substances,
is truly curious. It is cemented together by brown and
reddish oxide of iron, which often covers the animal
remains in a peculiar manner with a fine crust of spicule,
giving a velvety lustre to them when the light catches on
their shining sides. Besides these Zoophytes there are
remarkable Belemnites, mostly worn; and a stratum
about an inch thick, that presents little else than spines
of Echini. There are also some Nautili, and small peb-
bles of every description, to be found in this rock.”
Mar.6, Read the following Observations on some Plants of the
1811. Flora Japonica, by A. B. Lambert, Esq. ViPS.
Mr. Lambert having lately received a collection of spe-
cimens of plants from Japan, and another from Egypt, he
has been enabled to determine two species of plants belong-
ing to the genus Mimosa of Linn. which have hitherto re-
mained doubtful among botanists. One is the Mimosa Leb-
beck of Linn. found by Hasselquist, who describes it in the
Act. Ups. 1750. p. 9. It. 473. “ foliis pinnatis” instead of
foliis bipinnatis; which has caused the mistakes of subse-
quent writers on that genus. Jacquin was the first who
made this plant a new species under the name of Mimosa
speciosa. ‘lhis name has been taken up in the first edition
of the Horfus Kewensis, and Willdenow in his Species
Plant. has called it Acacia speciosa; but from Mr. Lam-
bert’s specimens it is evident that Acacia speciosa and
Acacia Lebbeck Willd. are the same plant. The other is
the
Extracts from the Minute-Book of the Linnean Society. 407
the plant which is described by Thunberg in ‘his Flora
Japon. under the name of Mimosa arborea, first shown to
be an error by the late Mr. Dryander in, Kempf. Icon.
Select. published by Sir Joseph Banks. ‘lhunberg after-
wards, in his paper on Japan plants in the second volume
of the Trans. Linn. Soc., named it Mimosa speciosa. Will-
denow in his edition of Species Plant. calls it Acacia Nemu ;
he appears to have made his description from Kampfer’s
figure, and places it in the genus next to his Acacia Juli-
brissen. ‘The Japan specimens in Mr. Lambert’s possession
prove that the Mimosa Julibrissen of the Hort. Kew., the
Acacia Julibrissen of Willdenow Sp. Plant., and the Acacia
Nemu of the same author, are all the same plant.
The figure in Gmelin’s Travels, vol. iii. p. 372, pl. 40,
which he calls there Mimosa arberea, seems not to
have been quoted by any of the editors of the Species
Plantarum, except Richard, who has taken it up as Mz-
mosa Lebbeck with a doubt. Having found very fine spe-
cimens of Gmelin’s plant in Pallas’s Herbarium, sent to
him by Gmelin, and from which his figure was drawn,
Mr. Lambert has been enabled to determine it to be Mi-
mosa Julibrissen of Linn. Hort. Kew. ed. 1, and Acacia Ju-
hibrissen of Linn. Species Plantarum by Willdenow.
Hypoxis spicata of Thunberg’s Flor. Japonica, which is
Aletris farinosa of the same author in the second volume of
the Trans. Linn. Soc., is a new species, and ‘T'hunberg’s spe-
cific character sufficiently distinguishes it from the Lin-
nean plant, to which at first sight it seems nearly allied.
Mr. Lambert therefore calls it Aletris Japonica. —
3G2 CAT A-
( 408»)
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OF THE
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ee -
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the original Numbers here affixed to them; and the otlier Books are numbered in regular Progression.
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670. Bacar (Casp.) Prodromus Theatri Botanici. Basil. 1672, 4to.
671
672
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674. ————-. Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandiz, vol. 1. London, 1810, 8vo.
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677.
8vo. :
Delacroix (D.) Connubia Florum, ed. R. Clayton, Baroneto. Bath, 1791, syo.
678. Delaroche (F.) Eryngiorum Historia. Paris. 1808, fol.
679. ——
680.
Observations sur des Poissons recueillis dans un Voyage aux Isles
Baleares et Pythiuses. Paris, 4to.
— Observations sur Ja Vessie Aerienne des Poissons. Paris, 4to.
538. Dillwyn’s (L. W.) Synopsis of British Confervee, fasc. 14—16. London,
681
1808—9, 4to.
. Fallen (Carl, Fredric) Preside, Diss. de Beta Pabulari, Lunde, 1792, 4to.
&82. Harris’s (W.) Catalogue of the Library of the Royal Institution. London,
1809, Svyo.
548. Haworth
ee i
548.
685.
554.
650.
685.
686.
687.
688.
561.
689.
690.
691.
692.
693.
694.
695.
696.
697.
511.
698.
699
Py
700.
377.
568.
386.
701.
702.
703.
704.
Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society. 409
Haworth (A. H.) Lepidoptera Britannica, pars 2da._ Lond. 1809, 8vo.
Klein (Jac. Theod.) An Tithymaloides frutescens foliis Nerii. Gedani, 1730, 4to.
Konig (C.) and J. Sims's Annals of Botany, No. 6. London, 1806, 8vo.
Latreille (A. P.) Genera Crustaceorum et Insectorum, tom, 4tus, Paris, 1809,
Lontes (J.) The Utility of Agricultural Knowledge to the Sons of the Landed
Proprietors of England. London, 1609, 8vo.
Marsden’s (W.) History of Sumatra, 3d ed. London, 1811, 4to, with Atlas fol-
Martin’s (W.) Outlines of a System of Extraneous Fossils. Macclesfield,
1809, 8vo.
Monro (A.) On the Structure and Physiology of Fishes. Edin, 1785, fol.
Montagu’s (G.) Supplement to Testacca Britannica. London, 1808, 4to.
Neale (A.) Letters from Spain and Portugal. London, 1809, 4to.
Paulet (Joann. Jacob.) Tabula Plantaram Fungosarum. Paris. 1791, 4to.
Pennant’s (T.) Tours in Wales, 3 vols. London, 1810, 8vo.
Pona (J.) Plantz que in Baldo Monte reperiuntur. Basil. 1608, 4to.
Raffencau-Delisle (Alire) Dissertation sur les Effets d’un Poison de Java, appelé
Upas tieuté. Paris, 1809, 4to.
Reeve’s (H.) Essay on the Torpidity of Animals. London, 1809, Svo.
Retzii (A. J.) Dissertationes Academice. Lundz, 1808, 4to.
De Plantis Cibariis Romanorum.
—— Om Kal.
Sabatti (L. et C.) Hortus Romanus, tom. 1—7. Romzx, 1772—84, fol.
Shaw’s (G.) General Zoology, vol. 7th, parts 1 and 2. London, 1809, 8vo.
Zoological Lectures, 2 vols. London, 1809, 8vo.
Smith’s (J. E.) Introduction to Physiological and Systematic Botany, 2d edition.
London, 1809, 8vo.
Tour to Hafod. London, 1810, fol.
and Sowerby’s English Botany, vol. 27—31. London, 180s—
———
10, 8vo.
Sowerby’s (J.) British: Mineralogy, No. 50-—65. London, 1808—11, Svo.
: English Fungi, No. 28, 29. London, 1809, fol.
New Elucidation of Colours. London, 1809, 4to.
Spence’s (W.) Agriculture the Source of Wealth of Great Britain. London,
1808, 8vo.
Britain Independent of Commerce, 6th edition. London, 1808,
8vo.
Radical Cure of the Present Distresses of the West-India Planters.
London, 1808, 8¥o.
———
704s. Lin=
410
704.
705.
706.
707.
708.
709.
710.
Til.
712.
713.
714.
715.
528.
438.
665.
527.
439.
716.
71f.
Catalogue of the Library of the Linnean Society.
Linnzi Philosophia Botanica, ed. quarta, cura C, Sprengel. Hale ad Salam,
1809, 8vo.
Thompson’s (J. V.) Catalogue of Plants growing in the Vicinity of Berwick-upon-
. Tweed. London, 1807, 8vo. ;
Thunberg (C. P.) Dissertationes Academicz Upsaliz. 4to.
- Betula. 1807.
——_————-- Dracena. 1808.
- Museum Naturalium Academie Upsaliensis Append. 14.
1807. : $
- Reformandz Pharmacopcez Suecice Specimen 7tum, 1807.
- Flora Capensis, vol. 1, pars prima. Upsaliz, 1807, 8vo.
Ventenat (E. P.) Decas Generum Novorum aut parum cognitorum. Paris.
1808, Svo.
Wade’s (W.) Oaks, from the French of Michaux. Dublin, 1809, 8vo.
- Sketch of Lectures on Artificial or Sown Grasses. Dublin, 1808,
8vo..
on Meadow and Pasture Grasses. Dublin,
1808, 8vo.
Annales du Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, par les Professeurs de cet
Etablissement, 15 tom. Paris, 1802—10, 4to.
Asiatick Researches, vol. 9. Calcutta, 1807, 4to.
Philosophical Transactions for 1808—10. London, 4to.
Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London, vol. 1, part 2d. London,
1808, 4to.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, vol. 6, part 2d. Edin. 1809, 4to.
Transactions of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and
~ Commerce, vol. 25—27. London, 1807—9, 8vo.
Some Account of the late Peter Collinson. London, 1770, 4to.
Observations on the Brumal Retreat of the Swallow, by Philochelidon. London,
1808, 8yo.
LIST
a aoe eee
( 411 )
LIST OF DONORS
TO THE
LIBRARY OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY.
With References to the Numbers affixed in the foregoing Catalogue
to the Books presented by them respectively.
THE Royal Society of London, 438.
The Royal Society of Edinburgh, 527.
The Asiatick Society, 528.
The Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, 439:
The Horticultural Society of London, 665.
The Managers of the Royal Institution, 682.
The Right Honourable Sir Joseph Banks, Bart. K.B. H.M.L.S. 683. 690.
Anton. Bivona Bernardi, 671.
Le Comte de Bournon, F.M.L.S. 672.
Mr. Robert Brown, Libr. L.S. 673. 674. 711.
Alexander P, Buchan, M.D. F.L.S. 677.
Rey. John Burrell, M.A. F.L.S. 688.
Mr. Bracy Clark, F.L.S. 675.
Mr. George Crosfield, 676.
F. Delaroche, M.D. 678. 679. 680.
Lewis Weston Dillwyn, Esq. F.L.S. 538.
The late Jonas Dryander, Esq. V.P.L.S. 681. 706. 707. '708. 709. 710.
Thomas Forster, Esq. F.L:S, 717.
Adrian
412 Donors to the Libfary of the Linnean Society.
Adrian Hardy Haworth, Esq. F.L.S. 548.
Sir Thomas Maynard-Hesilrige, Bart. F.L.S. 697.
Aylmer Bourke Lambert, Esq. V.P.L.S. 670. 692.
William Lewis, Esq. F.L.S. 716.
Mr. John Loudon, F.L.S. 685.
Alexander MacLeay, Esq. Sec. L.S. 650.
William Marsden, Esq. F.R.S. 686.
The late Mr. William Martin, F.L.S. 687.
George Montagu, Esq. F.L.S. 561.
Adam Neale, M.D. F.L.S. 689.
David Pennant, Esq. F.L.S. 691.
Henry Reeve, M.D. F.L.S. 694.
Andreas Johannes Retzius, F.M.L.S. 695. 696.
George Shaw, M.D. F.L.S. 511. 698.
John Sims, M.D. F.L.S. 554.
James Edward Smith, M.D. P.L.S. 693. 699. '700.
Mr. James Sowerby, F.L.S. 377. 386. 568. 701.
William Spence, Esq. F.L.S. 702. 703. 704.
Kurt Sprengel, M.D. 684.
John Vaughan Thompson, Esq. F.L.S. 705.
Walter Wade, M.D. A.L.S. 712. 713. 714.
DONA-
(418-.)
DONATIONS
TO THE
MUSEUM OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY,
Exclusive of many Presents of single Specimens of Animals,
Plants, and Minerals.
DonatTIons. Donors.
SKINs of the Mountain Ram, and of another
Animal, from the interior Part of ©anada Ph brea. Gen. Thos. Davies, F.L.S.
Specimens of Meleagris Satyra, Phasianus igni- ) __ ,
tus, and two other Indian Birds......... }rieut.-Col Thos. Hardwick, F.L.S.
Several Specimens of Bird Skins collected in
New South Wales by Mr. W. Westall ..
Specimens of 34 Birds from Berbice ....-...- Alexander MacLeay, Esq. Sec. L.S.
_J The Rt. Hon. Sir Joseph Banks Bart.
fa. B. Lambert, Esq. V.P.L.S.
An extensive Cabinet of Insects.......+.- .
K.B.
A Cabinet of European Lepidopterous Insects. John Symmons, Esq. F.L.S.
A Collection of English Shells.........+.4 . Rey. Hugh Davies, F.L.S.
A Collection of Shells, chiefly from the Red Sea Viscount Valentia, F.L.S.
A Collection of dried Plants, named on the
Authority of the Linnean Herbarium : Mr. James Dickson, F.L.S.
Hortus siccus Britannicus, Fasc. 1—19...ee++
A Collection of Specimens of Mints........+ Mr. W. Sole, A.L.S.
A Collection of dried Marine Plants, in two Yoh Stackhouse, Esq. F.L.S.
IBGGES ie Aciisicitinb se dedt estes cease ce vee
Specimens of Conferve, figured in the Synopsis a W. Dillwyn, Esq. F.LS.
of British Conferve.....ccesseeereees 5 c
VOL. X. 3H Specimens
414 Donations to the Museum of the Linnean Society.
Donations. Donors.
Specimens of dried Plants.......+-+eee++ee++ Mr. John Fairbairn, F.L.S.
Specimens of Plants collected in the County of
Mayo by Dr. Patrick Browne . A.B, Lambert, Esq. V.P.L.S,
Specimens of Plants from Barbadoes.........
A Collection of dried Plants from Portugal.... W. Withering, Esq. F.L.S.
A large Collection of dried Plants from India
and the Cape of Good Hope...........-
A Collection of Specimens of Plants from Ja-
fw. Roxburgh, M.D. F.LS.
qe Wright, M.D. A.LS.
An arranged Collection of Lichens, with Re-
ference to the Methodus Lichenum, and to
the unpublished Lichenographia Universa-
lis of the Donor......-.0+2+e0 seeceee
A Portrait of the late Dr. Solander........... R.A. Salisbury, Esq. F.L.S.
A Portrait of the late Henry Seymer, Esq....... A.B. Lambert, Esq. V.P.L.S.
Erick Acharius, M.D. F.M.L.S.
N.B. The Museum bequeathed by the late Dr. Pulteney, as noticed in the Sixth
Volume of the Society’s Transactions, p. 390, consists of an extensive Collection of
Shells, an Herbarium. Britannicum, a Collection of exotic Plants, and a Collection of
Minerals.
Directions
Directions for placing the Plates of the Tenth Volume.
Tas. 1. Brodizea congesta -
2. Knightia excelsa - -
3. Dryandra formosa - 4
4. Cardamom Plant - a
5, —— - - - =
6. Pentstemon frutescens & Lobelia sessilifolia
7. Phelipzea foliata = -
8. Chamzrops humilis - =
9. Vaccinium przestans i
10. Rumex graminifolius
11. Lilium camtschatcense -
12, Centrolepis cuspidigera & C. zemula
13. Pimelea curviflora & P. glauca
14, Pimelea filamentosa & P. spicata
15. Xyris elongata & Scirpus gracilis
16. Persoonia pinifolia & P. hirsuta
17. Conospermum ericifolium & Zieria pilosa
18. Cryptandra ericifolia & C. amara
19. Styphelia reflexa & Lasiopetalum parviflorum
20. Pittosporum fulvum -
21. Marsdenia suaveolens & Trachymene incisa
24%, Xanthosia pilosa & Poranthera ericifolia
23. Dawsonia polytrichoides -
24. Shells - - .
25. Ormosia coccinea - =
26. Ormosia dasycarpa -
27. Ormosia coarctata =
28. Brunonia australis }
29. Brunonia sericea
30. Menziesia cerulea & M. Bryantha
31. Andrea - = 2 =
32. Buprestis splendens - -
EEE
to face page 3
” - 194
2 - 213
“ - 247
- - 248
~ - 259
= - 260
- - 263
- - 264
= - 265
= - 283
‘ - 285
- - 287
= - 289
~ - 290
~ - 292
- - 294
= - 296
- - 298
L - 299
- - 301
- - 324
- - 332
- - 360
- - 362
- - 363
- _= 370
. - 379
- - 398
- - 401
The Binder is requested to observe, that asa general Title-page and a Table .
of Contents for the whole volume are now given, the Title-pages to the sepa-
rate Parts, and the Table of Contents for Part I., are to be cancelled.
ERRATA. |
Page 18, U. 12, fer pollenjferous read polliniferous.
22, L 7 from the bottom, for Josephia read Dryandra.
29, L 22, for Avastachya read Agastachys.
30, 1. 3, for Gevuina read Guevina.
31, 1. 21, for Josephia read Dryandra.
34, L 18, for Ahena read Akena.
A8, I. 13, for apice read apici; for latere read lateri.
48, 1, 4 from the bottom, for Rhaphi read Raphe.
52, 7. 9, after floribus add (; ) and erase it after separata.
57, l. 1, for disc, read desc.
88, 1. 12, erase hyphen between dimidio and brevioribus.
105, Mimetes,—the specific names of this genus when adjectives to terminate in us-
112, 2. 24, after Hoot erase (.)
137, L. 3, for spicato vead spicata.
145, 2. 6, insert (,) after aculissimus, and erase it after breviore.
152, J. 3, for ore read ora.
169, 1. 12, for Lyssosry.is read Lissosty is.
198, 2 26, erase Observavimus- ,
200, 2.17, after 5 insert L.
223, J, 2, for Gevuina read Guevina.
224, 1, 28, for Apocinice read Apocinee,
226, . & from the bottom, erase et auctum.
512, L. 7. for necessary read unnecessary.
316,04 19, after modo erase the (. )
Tab, Il, fig. 8, erase the lines which alternate with the scales,
pee ee ee wer TaaET eis
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